• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

In the present study, we investigated the effects of dipeptides on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. It was found that WV (Trp+Val), WM (Trp+Met), and CQ (Cys+Gln) decreased melanin production dosedependently. However, dipeptides did not directly inhibit tyrosinase activity, the rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. Therefore, we further investigated the expression of tyrosinase. Our results showed that ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced tyrosinase expression was down-regulated by WV, WM, and CQ. Thus, we propose that WV, WM, and CQ show hypopigmentary activity through tyrosinase down-regulation.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2014

According to database of medical institutions of health insurance review & assessment service in 2013, 1118 hospitals and clinics have department of radiology in Korea. And there are CT, fluoroscopic and general radiographic equipment in those hospitals. Above all, general radiographic equipment is the most commonly used in the radiology department. And most of the general radiographic equipment are changing the digital radiography system from the film-screen types of the radiography system nowadays. However, most of the digital radiography department are used the film-screen types of the radiography system. Therefore, in this study, we confirmed present conditions of technical items for general radiography used in hospital and research on general radiographic techniques in domestic medical institutions. We analyzed 26 radiography projection method including chest, skull, spine and pelvis which are generally used in the radiography department.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.120-129
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• 2004

Yangkyuk-Sanhwa-Tang(YST) has been widely used as a formula for the Soyangin cerebral infarction (CI) patients according to Sasang constitutional philosophy. Brain cells produce cytokines and chemokines during the inflammatory process after stroke both in animal models and in patients. Previously, regulation of serum cytokine levels by YSThas been observed in individuals at the acute stage of CI disease, but there have not been other scientific investigations on YST. The author investigated the effect of YST on theproduction of various cytokines using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)from the Soyangin (CI) patients, and Soyangin normal group. The cytokine production was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The amount of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- in culture supernatant significantly increased in the LPS-treated cells compared with unstimulated-cells (P < 0.05). However, in LPS-stimulated PBMCs, cytokines level in CI patients group was higher than that of normal group. YST (1 mg/ml) significantly inhibited IL-1, IL-1, and IL-8 production in PBMCs stimulated with LPS (about 85% for IL-1, 87% for IL-1, and 53% for IL-8, P < 0.05), but did not significantly inhibit IL-6 and TNF- production in the CI patients group. We also show that YST significantly increased LPS-induced IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- production in the normal group. Thesedata suggest that YST has a regulatoryeffect on the cytokine production, which might explain its beneficial effect in the treatment of CI.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2010

Purpose: Controversy exists regarding whether pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients with microscopic hematuria should undergo radiographic evaluation. Adult patients have indications such as shock and deceleration injury. This study was conducted to suggest indications for the use of CT to detect significant renal injury in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients with microscopic hematuria. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2009, patients less than 18 years of age with blunt abdominal trauma and microscopic hematuria who had undergone CT were included in this retrospective study. We analyzed the correlation between microscopic hematuria, shock, deceleration injury, and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury grade. Patients were divided into two groups: the insignificant renal injury group (AAST grade 1) and the significant renal injury group (AAST grades 2-5). We compared age, gender, mechanism of injury, degree of microscopic hematuria, evidence of shock, presence of deceleration injury, and associated injuries between the two groups. We analyzed the effect of each of the above each factors on renal injury by using a logistic regression analysis. Results: Forty-three children were included, and the median age was 15 years. Five children had a significant renal injury. No significant differences, except age and microscopic hematuria (more than 30 red blood cells per high power field (RBC/HPF), p = 0.005) existed between the insignificant and the significant injury groups. A positive correlation existed between renal injury and microscopic hematuria (rho = 0.406, p = 0.007), but renal injury was not correlated with shock and deceleration injury. In the multivariate regression analysis, microscopic hematuria was the only factor correlated with renal injury (p = 0.042). Conclusion: If a microscopic hematuria of more than 30 RBC/HPF exists, the use of CT should be considerd, regardless of shock and deceleration injury to detect significant renal injury in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the multimodality treatment with neoadjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for resectable clinical T1-3N0-1M0 malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Materials and Methods: A total of eleven patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy between March 2016 and June 2018 were reviewed. Patients received 25 Gy in 5 fractions to entire ipsilateral hemithorax with helical tomotherapy. Results: All of patients were men with a median age of 56 years. Epithelioid subtype was found in 10 patients. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with pemetrexed-cisplatin regimen. Ten patients (90.9%) completed 25 Gy/5 fractions and one (9.0%) completed 20 Gy/4 fractions of radiotherapy. IMRT was well tolerated with only one acute grade 3 radiation pneumonitis. Surgery was performed 1 week (median, 8 days; range, 1 to 15 days) after completing IMRT. Extrapleural pneumonectomy was performed in 4 patients (36.3%), extended pleurectomy/decortication in 2 (18.2%) and pleurectomy/decortications in 5 (63.6%). There was no grade 3+ surgical complication except two deaths after EPP in 1 month. Based on operative findings and pathologic staging, adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered in 7 patients (63.6%), and 2 (18.2%) were decided to add adjuvant radiotherapy. After a median follow-up of 14.6 months (range, 2.8 to 30 months), there were 3 local recurrence (33.3%) and 1 distant metastasis (11.1%). Conclusion: Neoadjuvant entire pleural IMRT can be delivered with a favorable radiation complication. An optimal strategy has to be made in resectable MPM patients who would benefit from neoadjuvant radiation and surgery. Further studies are needed to look at long-term outcomes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the occurrence of toxic exposure cases in Korean emergency centers using a toxic exposure surveillance system-based report form and to provide guidelines for the prevention and treatment of toxic exposures. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of toxic exposure patients who had visited emergency centers from January 2009 to December 2009. Epidemiology data points for the toxic exposure cases included age, gender, type of exposure, number and kind of substances involved, reason and route of poison exposure, management of the patients in the emergency departments, and the clinical outcome. Results: A total of 3,501 patients from 12 emergency departments were enrolled in the study. 50.0% of the total exposure patients were male and 63.0% of the total cases were fatal. Acute intoxication occurred in 91.3% of the total patients and suicidal intent was the most common (43.3%) reason for exposure. The most common route of exposure was ingestion (75.9%). Of the total cases, pesticides were involved in 26.3%, sedatives/hypnotics/antipsychotics were involved in 22.0%, and bites and envenomations were involved in 15.7%. Conclusion: We provided a database of patients who were admitted to emergency departments after poisoning incidents. We recommend that toxicology professionals develop a classification scheme for toxicants which is adequate for Korean domestic circumstances and initiate a toxic surveillance system for all types of exposures. With support of a psychiatric surveillance system for suicidal patients and establishment of social mediation for pesticide poisoning, major reductions in poison exposures can be achieved.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.275-282
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• 2016

STAR of STAR (SS 01-04) is a series of drinks that consist of various extracts obtained from Coriolus versicolor, Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Hovenia dulcis, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Lycium chinense, Citrus reticulata, Saururus chinensis, Pueraria lobata, Pyrus pyrifolia, and Oenanthe javanica. A purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of SS 01-04. Antioxidant activity of the drinks was evaluated by conducting a hydroxyl radical-scavenging assay. Cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potential were determined using HepG2 cells in vitro, while protective effects against acute hepatotoxicity was evaluated in vivo. The antioxidant activity of the SS 01-04 at concentration of 100 and 250 mg/mL was similar to that of $50{\mu}M$ vitamin C. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was blocked by SS 01, 03 and 04 in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with SS 04 significantly lowered the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in an animal model of carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity (p<0.05). In addition, SS04 increased glutathione level while decreased malondialdehyde level in the liver considerably (p<0.05). It also inhibited the $CCl_4-induced$ increase in the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in serum and the liver. These findings indicated that SS 01-04 possessed antioxidant activity and protect against ROS. In particular, SS 04 is potentially highly beneficial in treating liver damage as it scavenges reactive free radicals and boosts the endogenous antioxidant system.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of medicinal fruit extracts (Corni fructus, Schizandra chinensis, Rubus coreanus Miquel and Lycii folium) with different extraction mixing ratios (MS, an equal ratio of the medicinal fruit = 1.25:1.25:1.25:1.25; M1, 2:1:1:1; M2, 1:2:1:1; M3, 1:1:2:1 and M4, 1:1:1:2) from medicinal fruit. pH, sugar content and acidity of the extracts were 3.22~3.52, $3.20{\sim}4.20^{\circ}Brix$ and 3.60~5.85%, respectively. The extraction yield of M2 (42.33%) was higher than those of MS (36.03%), M1 (40.40%), M3 (32.53%) and M4 (35.90%). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of M3 were 14.54 g/100 g and 5.65 g/100 g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of M3 at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 86.09% and 90.49%, respectively. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power and the reducing power of M3 at $250{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were $0.36{\sim}0.86{\mu}M$ and 0.21~0.96, respectively. The antioxidant activities of M3 were significantly higher than those of the other extracts. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that medicinal fruit extracts had potential as a functional material.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.97-108
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• 2012

Objectives : To demonstrate the importance of syndrome differentiation in clinical research of herb medication, through the comparative study on efficacy and safety of herb medication according to cold-heat tendency of OA knee patients. Methods : During December 2010 to July 2011, 138 knee OA patients were randomly assigned to WIN-34B 600mg(300mg, b.i.d.), 1,200mg(600mg, b.i.d.) and placebo b.i.d. for 8 weeks. Patient were re-classified into cold-heat tendency group according to cold-heat questionnaires. To investigate efficacy and safety, we assessed the 100mm pain VAS at baseline and 8 weeks later, and we monitored adverse event of patients during treatment period. Results : 1. Efficacy study : In WIN-34B 1,200mg group, VAS mean changes of heat tendency group showed slightly increase than those of cold tendency, but no significant difference within two groups. In heat tendency group, WIN-34B 1,200mg group showed a significant decrease of VAS compared to placebo group. but there were no significant difference in cold tendency group. 2. Safety study; In WIN-34B 600mg group, incidence of adverse events of cold tendency group was higher than those of heat tendency, but not in WIN-34B 1,200mg group. Conclusions : This study suggests that WIN-34B tend to have more efficacy in heat tendency-knee OA patients and WIN-34B is safe drug relatively, regardless of cold-heat tendency. In further clinical research on efficacy and safety of WIN-34B, stratification using syndrome differentiation is required.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.21-31
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• 2017

Objectives This study aimed to review manual therapies for mononeuropathies of upper limb through domestic and foreign studies designed for human body. Methods We searched databases (KMbase, OASIS, RISS, NDSL, KISS, KoreaMed, MEDLINE/Pubmed, CENTRAL, EMBASE) on the 1st to 31th of July 2017 to find related literatures that published after 2000. Results Twenty-eight studies were finally included. Of these, 13 articles were published after 2010. Twenty-two studies were clinical trials and 6 were observational studies. Carpal tunnel syndrome were the most researched type of diseases (85.7%). Most frequently used method of manual therapies was neurodynamic mobilization (35.7%). Pain scales and questionnaires were generally employed for evaluation. Significantly effective studies were 72.2% in controlled trials and 90% in the studies without control group. Conclusions In this study, we reviewed literatures concerning manual therapies on mononeuropathies of upper limb. Further studies are needed on the various diseases of mononeuropathies of upper limb to retain the evidence for the effectiveness of manual therapies.