• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.53 no.10
• /
• pp.688-695
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The institutionalized elderly have placed the most vulnerable state, and the report about the oral health status of the institutionalized elderly was scarce. The aims of the current study were to investigate the oral health status of institutionalized elderly. Materials and methods: The survey of the oral health status was carried out on 487 institutionalized elderly from 4 longterm care facilities of Seoul metropolitan city, Gyunggi province, and Gangwon province in Korea. Results: The prevalence of dental caries, root caries, and dental calculus of the institutionalized elderly was 19.2%, 15.3%, and 23.7%, respectively. The percentage of edentulism among the institutionalized elderly was 26.2%. Those who had poor oral hygiene and tongue coating were 43.9% and 90.5%, respectively. The percentages wearing complete and removable partial denture on maxilla were 12.8% and 3.3%, respectively. The percentages wearing complete and removable partial denture on mandible were 7.8% and 5.6%, respectively. The percentages of institutionalized elderly needing complete and removable partial denture on maxilla were 29.7% and 27.2%, respectively. The percentages of institutionalized elderly needing complete and removable partial denture on mandible were 24.5% and 30.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The oral health stuatus of institutionalized elderly was poor. For the oral health promotion of elderly in longterm care facilities, it is essential to educate nurses and caregivers about the importance of the oral health and oral hygiene method.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.02a
• /
• pp.152-157
• /
• 2008

The human uses the optic plentifully that an emotion the human knowledge. by the light it perceives the object and we live middle of color together. The color is close relation in our life. against a color from in many the optic information it is sensitive and it accepts. Therefore if expresses a emotion with color, human knowledge there is a probably of accepting intuition. The purpose of this dissertation to The emotion expression which uses a hue and the hue which leads the relationship research of emotion. In emotional circle of Plutchik, It selects the emotion where becomes the basic and the hue which similar has an impression and feature from the Harris of Moses Harris it searches emotion to use a hue circle with the method which it makes the emotion it expresses. Examines satisfaction of hue and emotion for emotion expression. The magnetic pole of emotion continuously comes in, There must be it will be able to confirm change of many emotion as a real-time. The shooting game the magnetic pole of multi emotion continuously comes in, Because it will be able to confirm the change of emotion as a real-time, suitable the applies for the research of emotion expression Consequently, The application it tried with character hue of shooting game.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2019

Background: Preterm labor and miscarriage may occur in stressful situations, such as a surgical operation or infection during pregnancy. Pharyngeal and buccal abscess and facial bone fractures are inevitable dental surgeries in pregnant patients. Remifentanil is an opioid analgesic that is commonly used for general anesthesia and sedation. Nonetheless, no study has investigated the effects of remifentanil on amniotic epithelial cells. This study evaluated the effects of remifentanil on the factors related to uterine contraction and its mechanism of action on amniotic epithelial cells. Methods: Amniotic epithelial cells were preconditioned at various concentrations of remifentanil for 1 h, followed by 24-h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. MTT assays were performed to assess the cell viability in each group. The effects of remifentanil on factors related to uterine contractions in amniotic epithelial cells were assessed using a nitric oxide (NO) assay, western blot examinations of the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), and RT-PCR examinations of the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Results: Remifentanil did not affect viability and nitric oxide production of amniotic epithelial cells. Western blot analysis revealed that remifentanil preconditioning resulted in decreased expressions of NF-κB and PGE2 in the cells in LPS-induced inflammation, and a tendency of decreased COX2 expression. The results were statistically significant only at high concentration. RT-PCR revealed reduced expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α. Conclusions: Preconditioning with remifentanil does not affect the viability of amniotic epithelial cells but reduces the expression of factors related to uterine contractions in situations where cell inflammation is induced by LPS, which is an important inducer of preterm labor. These findings provide evidence that remifentanil may inhibit preterm labor in clinical settings.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2010

We have performed analyses using ancient DNA extracted from 25 excavated human bones, estimating around the 1st century B.C. Ancient human bones were obtained from Nukdo Island, which is located off of the Korean peninsula of East Asia. We made concerted efforts to extract ancient DNA of high quality and to obtain reproducible PCR products, as this was a primary consideration for this extensive kind of undertaking. We performed PCR amplifications for several regions of the mitochondrial DNA, and could determine mitochondrial haplogroups for 21 ancient DNA samples. Genetic information from mitochondrial DNA belonged to super-haplogroup M, haplogroup D or its sub-haplogroups (D4 or D4b), which are distinctively found in East Asians, including Koreans or Japanese. The dendrogram and principal component analysis based on haplogroup frequencies revealed that the Nukdo population was close to those of the East Asians and clearly distinguished from populations shown in the other regions. Considering that Nukdo is geologically isolated in the southern part of the Korean peninsula and is a site of commercial importance with neighboring countries, these results may reflect genetic continuity for the habitation and migration of ethnic groups who had lived in a particular area in the past. Therefore, we suggest that phylogenetic analyses of ancient DNA have significant advantages for clarifying the origins and migrations of ethnic groups, or human races.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.295-300
• /
• 2012

Manganese ($Mn^{2+}$) is a trace element that is essential for normal physiology, and is predominantly obtained from food. Several lines of evidence, however, demonstrated that overexposure to $MnCl_2$ exerts serious neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity and developmental toxicity, particularly in male. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 0, 1.0, 3.3, and 10 mg/kg/day doses of $MnCl_2$ on the reproductive organs in the immature female rats. Rats (PND 22; S.D. strain) were exposed to $MnCl_2$ ($MnCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$) dissolved in drinking water for 2 weeks. The animals were sacrificed on PND 35, then the tissues were immediately removed and weighed. Histological studies were performed using the uteri tissue samples. Serum LH and FSH levels were measured with the specific ELISA kits. Body weights of the experimental group animals were not significantly different from those of control group animals. However, ovarian tissue weights in 1 mg and 3.3 mg $MnCl_2$ dose groups were significantly lower than those of control animals (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Uterine tissue weights of 3.3 mg dose $MnCl_2$ groups were significantly lower than those of control animals (p<0.01), while the 1 mg $MnCl_2$ dose and 10 mg $MnCl_2$ dose failed to induce any change in uterine weight. Similarly, only 3.3 mg $MnCl_2$ dose could induce the significant decrease in the oviduct weight compared to the control group (p<0.05). Non-reproductive tissues such as adrenal and kidney failed to respond to all doses of $MnCl_2$ exposure. The uterine histology revealed that the $MnCl_2$ exposure could affect the myometrial cell proliferation particularly in 3.3 mg dose and 10mg dose group. Serum FSH levels were significantly decreased in 1mg $MnCl_2$ dose and 10 $MnCl_2$ mg groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In contrast, treatment with 1 mg $MnCl_2$ dose induced a significant increment of serum LH level (p<0.05). The present study demonstrated that $MnCl_2$ exposure is capable of inducing abnormal development of reproductive tissues, at least to some extent, and altered gonadotropin secretions in immature female rats. Combined with the well-defined actions of this metal on GnRH and prolactin secretion, one can suggest the $Mn^{2+}$ might be a potential environmental mediator which is involved in the female pubertal process.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.61-76
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Accurate and reproducible location of an acupuncture point (AP) have been considered an essential component of meaningful acupuncture research as well as clinical practice. Several kinds of devices have been developed and widely used for the convenience of locating APs. However, the accuracy and convenience of these devices have not been systematically evaluated. The present study was performed to find out the most suitable tools for the location accuracy and location easiness of APs among the devices respectively. Methods : Twenty subjects attempted to locate APs, including PC5 and SP6 in the arm and leg, using four different AP positioning methods: one Conventional Ruler method and three alternative methods including Cunometer, Transparent AP meter, and Elastic Ruler method. The position marked on each AP was plotted onto a thin, flexible, and transparent plastic film, and the dispersion rate of the positions was determined and recorded. The elapsed time for locating each AP was measured. After that each subject was answered to a short questionnaire regarding the degree of convenience and confidence of use of each method for AP location. Results : All of three alternative methods took less time than Conventional Ruler method did. Among these alternative methods, the accuracy of Elastic Ruler method was markedly higher than others. The degree of convenience of the Cunometer and the confidence of Elastic Ruler method were the highest among these alternative methods. Conclusions : The present study indicates that the Elastic Ruler method was the most compatible for the conventional Ruler methods. However, there are many factors need to be reconsidered. Improved devices for locating AP are imperatively needed for clinical practice.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.169-173
• /
• 2009

To assist in selection schemes we estimate the genetic diversity of the horse breeds. Genetic diversity at 13 microsatellite loci was compared in six horse breeds : Jeju Native Horse, American Quarter, Jeju Racing Horse, Mongolian Horse, Japanese Horse and Thoroughbred. All of the equine microsatellite used in this study were amplified and were polymorphic. The expected total heterozygosity over all the populations varied between 0.669 and 0.869 and the expected heterozygosity within population range from 0.569 to 0.219 in this study. The low coefficient of gene differentiation value showed that only 0.118 of the diversity was between horses breeds. The constructed dendrogram from the genetic distance matrix showed little differentiation between horse breeds using DISPAN program. The genetic distance using 13 microsatellites ranged between 0.137 and 0.414 for the six horse breeds. These results confirm the potential use of equine microsatellite loci as a tool for genetic studies in horse populations. The genetic diversity of the six horse breeds to each other closed to their geographical distribution. Suggesting that the loci would be suitable for horse breeds parentage testing. Therefore, Microsatellite marker seems to be very useful for clarifying the evolutionary relationships of closely related populations.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.1231-1237
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and functional properties of four potential probiotic strains isolated from Kimchi, traditional Korean fermented vegetables. Based on being higher tolerance to bile salts and showing higher acid resistance or hydrophobic properties, one Lactobacillus arizonensis strain (BCNU 9032) and three L. brevis strains (BCNU 9037, BCNU 9098 and BCNU 9101) were selected in the screening experiment. All strains can survived up to 99% after 3h culture in pH 2.5 and resistant to 1% bile salts. These strains also showed good antimicrobial activities against a number of food borne pathogens, especially against Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei. The ability to lower cholesterol levels of L. arizonensis BCNU 9032 and L. brevis 9037 were demonstrated by bile salt hydrolytic activity and cholesterol assimilation tests. Moreover, L. brevis BCNU 9098 and BCNU 9101 showed higher adherence to Caco-2 cells (12.76 and 11.86%, respectively) than Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a commercial probiotic strain used worldwide. The results suggest that these strains could be used as probiotics.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.945-950
• /
• 2017

To some extent, the growth of solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106 is limited by toxic solvents. Therefore, various strategies to overcome this limitation need to be investigated. One such strategy is to use exogenous trehalose. The highest intracellular trehalose content of 181.88 mM was measured at 12 hr. The extracellular trehalose content decreased rapidly within 12 to 16 hr in the presence of cyclohexane. Moreover, the number of Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106 cells grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 0.1 M trehalose in the presence of 1%(v/v) cyclohexane, hexane, propylbenzene, and m-xylene increased 89.94-, 89.72-, 91.25-, and 118.9-fold, respectively, in comparison to the control level. High survival rates of 80% and 90% were observed in the presence of cyclohexane and hexane by the addition of 0.05 M trehalose for up to 4 hr, respectively. Exogenously-added trehalose was transported into the cells, and it conferred protection against cyclohexane, hexane, propylbenzene, and m-xylene. Adding exogenous trehalose to the growth medium improved the tolerance of Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106; thus, it is a potential biocatalyst for biotransformation and biodegradation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.648-654
• /
• 2004

Physiological functionality of browned oak mushroom was evaluated with focusing its electron-donating ability to DPPH radicals, scavenging ability to superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals, and inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation. The results showed that overall antioxidative activities of browned oak mushroom were superior to those of raw oak mushroom with marketable quality, implying possible involvement of resultant browning reaction products in an increment of antioxidativity. The increased radical-scavenging ability was suggested to mainly be exerted by direct quenching of both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, not by inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity and $Fe^{2+}$ chelation, respectively. Collectively, these results indicate a possible use of unmarketable browned mushroom as a material for manufacturing various processed functional foods.