• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.45-48
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• 2001

The antioxidative effect of the extracts from the leaves and fruits of Acer ginnala against free radicals was studied by two different methods using DPPH radical-generating system, and hydroxyl radical-generating system $(Cu^{++}/H_2O_2\;system)$ which induces DNA strand breaking. Compared with well known antioxidative plants, green tea, Scutellaria baicalensis, the Acer ginnala extracts showed excellent radical-scavenging activity in DPPH radical-generating system and inhibited effectively hydroxyl radical induced-DNA strand breaking in a concentration-dependent manner in $Cu^{++}/H_2O_2$ system whereas the green tea extract stimulated the strand breaking at a low concentration. These results suggest that he extracts from the leaves and fruits of Acer ginnula could be good antioxidative agents.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2011

In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of supercritical extracts and two step ethanol extracts after supercritical extraction from Schizandra chinensis on antioxidant activities and oxidative DNA and cell damages. Supercritical extracts removed DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryldrazyl) radical by 85.5% at 200 ${\mu}g$/ml, but showed low activities of scavenging and chelating the hydroxyl radical and ferrous iron. However, two step ethanol extracts showed low activities of scavenging the DPPH radical, but removed the hydroxyl radical by 86% at 200 ${\mu}g$/ml. In addition, we tested the activities of extracts for reducing hydroxyl radical-induced DNA and cell damage. Two step ethanol extracts showed protective effect against the oxidative DNA damage by reducing DNA segmentation, inhibiting DNA migration and decreasing the expression of phospho-H2AX. Also, two step ethanol extracts showed protective effect against the oxidative cell damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing the expression of p21 protein. Taken together, we suggest that two step ethanol extracts from S. chinensis have a role as useful inhibitors against oxidative damages.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2011

In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of the hot water extract from red bean (Phaseolus angularis) against oxidative DNA and cell damage induced by hydroxyl radical. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, and $Fe^{2+}$-chelating assay. Although the extract with hot water didn't scavenge the hydroxyl radical, it removed and chelated hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron necessary for the induction of hydroxyl radical by 71% and 64% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Its protective effect on oxidative DNA damage was carried using ${\Psi}$X-174 RF I plasmid DNA comparing the conversion level of supercoiled form of the plasmid DNA into open-circular form and linear form and the expression level of phospho-H2AX in NIH 3T3 cells. In ${\Psi}$X-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay, it inhibited oxidative DNA damage by 96% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$. Also, it decreased the expression of phospho-H2AX by 50.1% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$. Its protective effect against oxidative cell damage was measured by MTT assay and the expression level of p21 protein in NIH 3T3 cells. In MTT assay for the protective effect against the oxidative cell damage, it inhibited the oxidative cell death and the abnormal cell growth induced by hydroxyl radical. Also, it inhibited p21 protein expression by 98% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$. In conclusion, the results of the present studies indicate that hot water extract from red bean exhibits antioxidant properties and inhibit oxidative DNA damage and the cell death caused by hydroxyl radical.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2009

Schisandra chinensis have been traditionally used in Asia for the treatment of dyspnea, cough, mouth dryness, spontaneous diaphoresis, nocturnal diaphoresis, nocturnal emission, dysentery, insomnia and amnesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of Schisandra chinensis on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by ROS in non cellular and cellular system. DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay were used to measure the antioxidant activities. Phi X-174RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay and intracellular DNA migration assay were used to evaluate the protective effect on oxidative DNA damage. MTT assay and lipid peroxidation assay were used for evaluating the protective effect on oxidative cell damage. It was found to scavenge DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical and it inhibited oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by hydroxyl radical. These data indicate that Schisandra chinensis possesses a spectrum of antioxidant and DNA-protective properties

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.760-767
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• 2010

The oxidative damage of lipids, protein, and DNA is known to be involved in not only chronic inflammations such as arthritis, hepatitis, nephritis, gastritis, colitis, and periodontitis but also metastasis. It has given impetus to searching for natural compounds without toxicity, which prevent the development of these diseases. The direct scavenging effects of aged black garlic extract (ABGE) were evaluated in vitro on DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and genomic DNA damage related to oxidative stress. Furthermore, its antioxidant effect on lipid peroxidation was investigated in human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080), which were exposed to the hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction. It was observed that ABGE exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on hydrogen peroxide than other reactive oxygen species, and also blocked DNA oxidation and lipid peroxidation induced by the hydroxyl radical. The oxidative stress in live cells was also inhibited in the presence of ABGE. In addition, its inhibitory effects on the activity and expression of MMP-2 and -9 related to metastasis were determined using gelatin zymography and western blot. The data showed that it inhibited MMP-2 and -9 in PMA-stimulated HT1080 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that ABGE show potential as an excellent agent for prevention of metastasis related to oxidative stress.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2329-2332
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• 2007

Salsolinol, endogenous neurotoxin, is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, we have investigated the oxidative damage of DNA induced by the reaction of salsolinol with Cu,Zn-SOD. When plasmid DNA incubated with salsolinol and Cu,Zn-SOD, DNA cleavage was proportional to the concentrations of salsolinol and Cu,Zn-SOD. The salsolinol/Cu,Zn-SOD system-mediated DNA cleavage was significantly inhibited by radical scavengers such as mannitol, ethanol and thiourea. These results indicated that free radicals might participate in DNA cleavage by the salsolinol/Cu,Zn-SOD system. Spectrophotometric study using a thiobarbituric acid showed that hydroxyl radical formation was proportional to the concentration of salsolinol and was inhibited by radical scavengers. These results indicated that hydroxyl radical generated in the reaction of salsolinol with Cu,Zn-SOD was implicated in the DNA cleavage. Catalase and copper chelators inhibited DNA cleavage and the production of hydroxyl radicals. These results suggest that DNA cleavage is mediated in the reaction of salsolinol with Cu,Zn-SOD via the generation of hydroxyl radical by a combination of the oxidation reaction of salsolinol and Fenton-like reaction of free copper ions released from oxidatively damaged SOD.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.449-456
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• 2008

The flowers of Buddleja officinalis are used to treat sore and damaged eyes, a condition which is similar to skin wounds. However, whether it has any protective effect on oxidative DNA damage and cell death induced by hydroxyl radical remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of the extracts against oxidative DNA and cell damage caused by hydroxyl radical. DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and intracellular ROS scavenging assay, and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties. phi X 174 RF I plasmid DNA and intracellular DNA migration assay were used to evaluate the protective effect against oxidative DNA damage. Lastly, MTT assay and lipid peroxidation assay were used to evaluate the protective effect against oxidative cell damage. It was found to prevent intracellular DNA and the normal cells from oxidative damage caused by hydroxyl radical via antioxidant activities. These results suggest that Buddleja officinalis may exert the inhibitory effect on ROS-induced carcinogenesis by blocking oxidative DNA damage and cell death.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the biological activity of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of citrus by-product ferment. Hot water extracts and 80% methanol extracts from citrus byproduct of ferment were screened for antibacterial activity pathogenic bacteria by paper disc method. Among the various hot water extracts and 80% methanol extracts the Bacillus subtilis showed relatively strong antibacterial activities in the order. The reducing activity on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical and ${\cdot}OH$ radical scavenging potential were sequentially screened, in search for antioxidant activities of citrus by-product ferment.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.541-545
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• 1998

This experiment carried out to compare the protective effects of some antioxidants to hydroxyl radicals in embryonic mouse whole brain tissue culture. The ICR mouse whole brain (13 embryonic day) was cultured in hydroxyl radical system in which radicals were generated by 20 mU / ml glucose oxidase (GO). In this experiment, to make ferrous iron from ferric iron, iron as an accelerator, and ascorbic acid as a reductant were used. For comparison of the protective effects to hydroxyl radicals, antioxidants such as desferrioxamine (DFX), laccase. water or ethanol extracts from Rhus Vemiciflua Stokes (RVS), and $\alpha$-tocopherol were used, because they relate to metal ion. The results of this experiment showed that all antioxidants protected effectively the cytotoxicity from hydroxyl radicals in the brain cultures. More than 70% of cell viabilities among different antioxidants was at 1 mM DFX, 1.43 $\mu\textrm{m}$ laccase, 12.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ water extract, 12.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ ethanol extract and 50 $\mu\textrm{m}$ $\alpha$-tocopherol individually, compared with 20 mU/ml GO alone. In comparison to the antioxidative activities of antioxidants, laccase and extracts from RVS showed strong antioxidative effects even at low concentration.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2012

Steamed ginseng is well known as a tonic medicine for restoring and enhancing human health. Steamed ginseng had more pharmacologically activity than white ginseng. The effects of steamed ginseng on transplantable tumors, proliferation of lymphocyte and rat liver lipid peroxidation were studied. This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidation and antiwrinkle effects of three ginseng extracts. Raw ginseng (RGS) and dried ginseng (DGS) mature like red ginseng in addition to the ready-made red ginseng (GS) purchased in the market, were steamed and extracted by red ginseng extractor. Three extracts of steamed ginseng were investigated to determine effects of superoxide radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, autooxidation inhibition of linoleic acid, collagenase inhibition and collagen synthesis in normal fibroblast. RGS showed not only the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 ug/mL but also the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity higher than vitamin C. Also RGS showed the highest activity in inhibition of autooxidation of linolic acid, collagen synthesis, and collagenase inhibition.