• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.884-893
• /
• 2019

Spent fuel racks are steel structures used in the storage of the spent fuel removed from the nuclear power reactor. Rack units are submerged in the depths of the spent fuel pool to keep the fuel cool. Their free-standing design isolates their bases from the pool floor reducing structural stresses in case of seismic event. However, these singular features complicate their seismic analysis which involves a transient dynamic response with geometrical nonlinearities and fluid-structure interactions. An accurate estimation of the response is essential to achieve a safe pool layout and a reliable structural design. An analysis methodology based on the hydrodynamic mass concept and implicit integration algorithms was developed ad-hoc, but some dispersion of results still remains. In order to validate the analysis methodology, vibration tests are carried out on a reduced scale mock-up of a 2-rack system. The two rack mockups are submerged in free-standing conditions inside a rigid pool tank loaded with fake fuel assemblies and subjected to accelerations on a unidirectional shaking table. This article compares the experimental data with the numerical outputs of a finite element model built in ANSYS Mechanical. The in-phase motion of both units is highlighted and the water coupling effect is detailed. Results show a good agreement validating the methodology.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 2016

The research aims to study the different flexible rubber tube diffusers used in urban wastewater treatment processes and aquaculture systems. The experiment was conducted in small-scale aeration tank with different physical properties of the tubes that were used as aerators. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient ($k_La$), oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) and aeration efficiency (AE) were measured and determined to compare the diffusers. Moreover, the bubble hydrodynamic parameters were analyzed in terms of bubble diameter ($d_B$) and rising velocity ($U_B$) by a high speed camera (2,000 frames/s). Then the interfacial area (a) and liquid-side mass transfer coefficient ($k_L$) can be calculated. The physical properties (tube wall thickness, tensile strength, orifice size, hardness and elongation) have been proven to be the key factor that controls the performance (kLa and OTE). The effects of hardness and elongation on bubble formation, orifice size and a-area were clearly proved. It is not necessary to generate too much fine bubbles to increase the a-area: this relates to high power consumption and the decrease of the kL. Finally, the wall thickness, elongation and hardness associated of the flexible tube diffuser (tube No. 12) were concluded, to be the suitable properties for practically producing, in this research.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.31.2-31.2
• /
• 2020

Mass segregation, a tendency of more massive galaxies being distributed closer to the cluster center, is naturally expected from dynamical friction, but its presence is still controversial. Using deep optical observations of 14 Abell clusters (KYDISC) and a set of hydrodynamic simulations (YZiCS), we find in some cases a hint of mass segregation inside the virial radius. Segregation is visible more clearly when the massive galaxy fraction is used instead of mean stellar mass. The trend is more significant in the simulations than in the observations. To find out the mechanisms working on mass segregation, we look into the evolution of individual clusters simulated. We find that the degree of mass segregation is different for different clusters: the trend is visible only for low-mass clusters. We compare the masses of galaxies and their dark haloes at the time of infall and at the present epoch to quantify the amount of tidal stripping. We then conclude that satellites that get accreted at earlier epochs, or galaxies in more massive clusters go through more tidal stripping. These effects in combination result in a correlation between the host halo mass and the degree of stellar mass segregation. This is a work submitted to The Astrophysical Journal (under review).

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2005

This paper proposes a method to calculate the characteristics of a coupled hydrodynamic journal and thrust bearing of a HDD spindle motor. The governing equations for the journal and thrust bearings are the two dimensional Reynolds equations in $\theta z$ and $ r\theta$ planes, respectively. Finite element method is appropriately applied to analyze the coupled journal and thrust bearing by satisfying the continuity of mass and pressure at the interface between the journal and thrust bearings. The pressure in a coupled bearing is calculated by applying the Reynolds boundary condition and compared with that by using the Half-Sommerfeld boundary condition. The static characteristics are obtained by integrating the pressure along the fluid film. The flying height of spindle motor is measured to verify the proposed analytical result. This research shows that the proposed method can describe HDB in a HDD system more accurately and realistically than the separate analysis of a journal or thrust bearing.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2015

Floating structure such as tension leg platform, semi-submersible and spar are widely used in field of oil exploration and renewable energy system. All of these structures have the base cylinder support structure which have effective rule in overall dynamic of response. So the accurate and reliable modeling is needed for optimum design and understanding the physical background of these systems. The aim of this article is an analytical discussion on stochastic modeling of floating cylinder based support structure but an applicable one. Due to this a mathematical mass-damper-spring system of a floating cylinder of HAWAII WTG offshore wind as an applicable and innovative system is adopted to model a coupled degrees using random vibration in analytical way. A fully develop spectrum is adopted to solve the stochastic spectrum analytically by a proper approximation. Some acceptable assumption is adopted. The simplified but analytical and innovative hydrodynamic analysis of this study not only will help researcher to concentrate more physically on hydrodynamic analysis of floating structures but also can be useful for any quick, simplified and closed form analysis of a complicated problem in offshore engineering.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 I
• /
• pp.304-311
• /
• 2001

This research numerically analyzes the dynamic characteristics of a coupled journal and thrust hydrodynamic bearing due to its groove location which has the static load due to the weight of a rotor in the axial direction and the dynamic load due to its mass unbalance in the radial direction. The Reynolds equation is transformed to solve a plain member rotating type of journal bearing(PMRJ), a grooved member rotating type of journal bearing (GMRJ), a plain member rotating type of thrust bearing (PMRT) and a grooved member rotating type of thrust bearing (GMRT). FEM is used to solve the Reynolds equations in order to calculate the pressure distribution in a fluid film. Reaction forces and friction torque are obtained by integrating the pressure and shear stress along the fluid film, respectively. Dynamic behaviors, such as whirl radius or floating height of a rotor, are determined by solving its nonlinear equations of motion with the Runge-Kutta method. This research shows that the groove location affects the pressure distribution in the fluid film and consequently the dynamic performance of a HDD spindle system.

• 대한조선학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 1982

Herein the motion of a freely-floating sphere in a water of finite depth is analysed within the framework of a linear potential theory. A velocity potential describing fluid motion is generated by distributing pulsating sources and dipoles on the immersed surface of the sphere, without introducing an inner flow model. The potential becomes the solution of an integral equation of Fredholm's second type. In the light of the vertical axisymmetry of the flow, surface integrals reduce to line integrals, which are approximated by summation of the products of the integrand and the length of segments along the contour. Following this computational scheme the diffraction potential and the radiation potential are determined from the same algorithm of solving a set of simultaneous linear equations. Upon knowing values of the potentials hydrodynamic forces such as added mass, hydrodynamic damping and wave exciting forces are evaluated by the integrating pressure over the immersed surface of the sphere. It is found in the case of finite water depth that the hydrodynamic forces are much different from the corresponding ones in deep water. Accordingly motion response of the sphere in a water of finite depth displays a particular behavior both in a amplitude and phase.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 1992

본 논문에서는 선형포턴셜이론을 이용하여 제한수로에 놓인 2차원 주상체에 작용하는 동유체력과 운동응답의 특성을 고찰하였다. 유체영역을, 수로입구영역 그리고 수로영역으로 구분하여 우선 각 영역에서 해를 독립적으로 구한 다음 이를 인접영역의 해와 정합시켜 완전해를 구하였다. 수로의 길이보다 대략 4배가 긴 파장의 입사파는 수로내 유동을 공진시킨다. 이때 주상체에 작용하는 부가질량은 음의 값을 갖게 되며 동유체감쇠력은 급격한 변화를 보이고 주상체의 수평운동은 최대가 됨을 밝혔다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.688-695
• /
• 2005

This paper describes dynamic manipulability analysis of robotic arms moving in viscous fluid. The manipulability is a functionality of manipulator system in a given configuration under the limits of joint ability with respect to the task required to be performed. To investigate the manipulability of underwater robotic arms, a modeling and analysis method is presented. The dynamic equation of motion of underwater manipulator is derived based on the Lagrange-Euler equation considering with the hydrodynamic forces caused by added mass, buoyancy and hydraulic drag. The hydrodynamic drag term in the equation is established as analytical form using Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) link coordination of manipulator. Two analytical approaches based oil manipulability ellipsoid are presented to visualize the manipulability of robotic arm moving in viscous fluid. The one is scaled ellipsoid which transforms the boundary of joint torque to acceleration boundary of end-effector by normalizing the torques in joint space, while the other is shifted ellipsoid which depicts total acceleration boundary of end-effector by shifting the ellipsoid as much as gravity and velocity dependent forces in work space. An analysis example of 2-link manipulator with proposed analysis scheme is presented to validate the method.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2017

Chelating solutions can be damaged by strong acids during oil production. To design effective corrosion inhibitors and other alternatives for corrosion control, it is important to understand not only the behavior of the system under operating condition but also the kinetics of electrochemical reactions during the corrosion process. In this study, the electrochemical behaviors of P-110 steel in aqueous fluids based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) compounds under various temperatures and hydrodynamic regime conditions were assessed. Electrochemical measurements were conducted using rotating disc electrodes manufactured. Electrolytes were prepared using aqueous compounds of EDTA like diammonium salt, disodium salt, and tetrasodium salt. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance, and mass loss tests were performed in order to assess the corrosion kinetic in electrolytes. Hydrodynamic effects were observed only in the cathodic polarization curve. This proves that hydrodynamic regime plays an important role in the corrosion of steel mainly in disodium and diammonium EDTA solutions. Two cathodic reactions controlled the corrosion process. However, oxygen level and pH of the electrolyte played the most important role in metal corrosion. Corrosion rates in those fluids were decreased drastically when oxygen concentration was reduced.