• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 오염부하량이 높고, 유입수별 변동폭이 큰 음식물 침출수를 현장조건에서 처리하기 위한 혐기/호기 연속회분반응 (SAAD), 유동층 생물반응 (FBBR) 및 막분리(UF) 결합공정을 개발하고 이의 성능을 평가하였다. 공정 설계시 고려된 사항은 초기 고농도 오염부하의 처리에 적합한 초기 공정의 검토를 위한 이상혐기소화조와 상향류식 혐기성 슬러지 블랑켓트 (UASB)을 비교하여 현장조건에 적용 가능한 단상혐기소화조 (SAAD1)와, 높은 유기물 처리효율 능을 가진 호기소화조 (SAAD2)를 결합한 혐기/호기 연속회분공정을 선정하였다. 또한, 총질소 (TKN), 총인 (TP)의 제거효율을 극대화하기 위한 공기폭기조를 적용한 FBBR을 도입하였으며, salt 오염원을 완전히 제거하기 위한 UF조를 도입하였다. 본 공정의 처리 결과는 유입 음식물 침출수의 화학적 산소요구량 (CODcr)의 변동폭이 큼에도 불구하고, 파일롯 공정은 안정된 처리능을 보였다. 본 연구에 사용된 유입수의 CODcr, TKN, TP, salt의 평균값은 204,166 mg/L, 7,500 mg/L, 540 mg/L, 0.65%였으며, 처리수는 1,207 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 0.01%로 각각의 최종 제거효율은 99.4%, 98.6%, 89.6%, 98.5%의 결과를 나타내었으며, pH는 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이와 더불어, 본 공정의 처리 수는 염분 및 독성물질이 미함유된 고영양 처리수로써 액상비료나 재자원화 공정 (퇴비화) 중 필요한 용수로 사용이 가능한 것으로 조사되었다. 최종적으로 파일롯 규모의 생물-분리막 복합공정은 오염부하가 심하고 유입 부하량 변동폭이 큰 현장조건에서 우수한 처리성능 및 시스템의 안정성을 나타내었으며, 부가적으로 발생되는 메탄가스와 처리수의 재자원화의 장점을 가지며, 현장조건에서 음식물 침출수의 무배출-청정처리가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2015

In recent years, world is faced with a transportation energy dilemma, and the transportation is almost dependent on a single fuel - petroleum. However, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) technology holds more advantages to reduce the demand for petroleum in the transportation by efficiency improvements of petroleum consumption. Therefore, there is a trend that lower gear noise levels are demanded in HEV for drivers to avoid annoyance and fatigue during operation. And meshing transmission error (T.E.) is the excitation that leads to the tonal noise known as gear whine, and radiated gear whine is also the dominant source of noise in the whole gearbox. In this paper, the analysis of gear tooth profile and lead modification is firstly presented, and then, the different transmission error of no mesh misalignment and mesh misalignment under one loaded torque for the 1st gear pair of HEV gearbox was investigated and compared. At last, the appropriate tooth modification was used to minimize and compare the transmission error of the gear pair with mesh misalignment under the loaded torque.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1101-1106
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• 2014

Hybrid manufacturing technology has been advanced to overcome limitations due to traditional fabrication methods. To fabricate a micro/nano-scale structure, various manufacturing technologies such as lithography and etching were attempted. Since these manufacturing processes are limited by their materials, temperature and features, it is necessary to develop a new three-dimensional (3D) printing method. A novel nano-scale 3D printing system was developed consisting of the Nano-Particle Deposition System (NPDS) and the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) to overcome these limitations. By repeating deposition and machining processes, it was possible to fabricate micro/nano-scale 3D structures with various metals and ceramics. Since each process works in different chambers, a transfer process is required. In this research, nanoscale 3D printing system was briefly explained and an alignment algorithm for nano-scale 3D printing system was developed. Implementing the algorithm leads to an accepted error margin of 0.5% by compensating error in rotational, horizontal, and vertical axes.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.426-431
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• 2015

Microstructural examination of the Nb-Si-B alloys at Nb-rich compositions is performed. The Nb-rich corner of the Nb-Si-B system is favorable in that the constituent phases are Nb (ductile and tough phase with high melting temperature) and $T_2$ phase (very hard intermetallic compound with favorable oxidation resistance) which are good combination for high temperature structural materials. The samples containing compositions near Nb-rich corner of the Nb-Si-B ternary system are prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process using $T_2$ and Nb powders. $T_2$ bulk phase is made in arc furnace by melting the Nb slug and the Si-B powder compact. The $T_2$ bulk phase was subsequently ball-milled to powders. SPS is performed at $1300^{\circ}C$ and $1400^{\circ}C$, depending on the composition, under 30 MPa for 600s, to produce disc-shaped specimen with 15 mm in diameter and 3 mm high. Hardness tests (Rockwell A-scale and micro Vickers) are carried out to estimate the mechanical property.

• Carbon letters
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

A microstructure analysis is carried out to optimize the process parameters of a randomly oriented discrete length hybrid carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite. The composite is fabricated by moulding of a slurry into a preform, followed by hot-pressing and carbonization. Heating rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and $3.3^{\circ}C/min$ and pressures of 5, 10, 15, and 20 MPa are applied during hot-pressing. Matrix precursor to reinforcement weight ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 are also considered. A microstructure analysis of the carbon/carbon compacts is performed for each variant. Higher heating rates give bloated compacts whereas low heating rates give bloating-free, fine microstructure compacts. The compacts fabricated at higher pressure have displayed side oozing of molten pitch and discrete length carbon fibers. The microstructure of the compacts fabricated at low pressure shows a lack of densification. The compacts with low matrix precursor to reinforcement weight ratios have insufficient bonding agent to bind the reinforcement whereas the higher matrix precursor to reinforcement weight ratio results in a plaster-like structure. Based on the microstructure analysis, a heating rate of $0.2^{\circ}C/min$, pressure of 15 MPa, and a matrix precursor to reinforcement ratio of 50:50 are found to be optimum w.r.t attaining bloating-free densification and processing time.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.135-155
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• 2007

성능형 규격이란 재료, 공정 등의 구체적인 사양에 대한 명시가 없이 최종적인 요구성능, 환경 및 연동되는 부분의 호환성 확보에 대한 규제만을 함으로써 우수한 민수기술의 도입을 통하여 경제적이고 높은 신뢰성을 달성하고자 활용되는 규격으로 이미 선진국에서는 많이 작성되어지고 기존의 상세형 규격의 성능형 규격 전환도 활성화되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 우리나라의 경우 규격 작성시 성능형으로 작성토록 규정화하고 성능형 규격 작성지침을 마련하는 등 성능형 규격 작성의 활성화에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있으나 현재까지의 작성 및 활용 실적을 보면 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 성능형 규격의 효과적인 작성/전환을 위하여 시장조사 방안, 무기체계개발 또는 부품국산화에 따른 성능형 규격 작성 방안, 성능형 규격 전환 방안, 성능형 규격 전환을 위한 절차와 방법, 성능형 규격과 상세형 규격의 혼합형태 활용을 제시하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.435-448
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• 2018

This paper reports the development of a theoretically rigorous method for permanent way engineers to assess the condition of railway ballast under a concrete sleeper with the potential to be extended to a smart system for long-term health monitoring of railway ballast. Owing to the uncertainties induced by the problems of modeling error and measurement noise, the Bayesian approach was followed in the development. After the selection of the most plausible model class for describing the damage status of the rail-sleeper-ballast system, Bayesian model updating is adopted to calculate the posterior PDF of the ballast stiffness at various regions under the sleeper. An obvious drop in ballast stiffness at a region under the sleeper is an evidence of ballast damage. In model updating, the model that can minimize the discrepancy between the measured and model-predicted modal parameters can be considered as the most probable model for calculating the posterior PDF under the Bayesian framework. To address the problems of non-uniqueness and local minima in the model updating process, a two-stage hybrid optimization method was developed. The modified evolutionary algorithm was developed in the first stage to identify the important regions in the parameter space and resulting in a set of initial trials for deterministic optimization to locate all most probable models in the second stage. The proposed methodology was numerically and experimentally verified. Using the identified model, a series of comprehensive numerical case studies was carried out to investigate the effects of data quantity and quality on the results of ballast damage detection. Difficulties to be overcome before the proposed method can be extended to a long-term ballast monitoring system are discussed in the conclusion.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.513-517
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• 2017

An optimum route to fabricate a hybrid-structured W powder composed of nano and micro size powders was investigated. The mixture of nano and micro W powders was prepared by a ball milling and hydrogen reduction process for $WO_3$ and W powders. Microstructural observation for the ball-milled powder mixtures revealed that the nano-sized $WO_3$ particles were homogeneously distributed on the surface of large W powders. The reduction behavior of $WO_3$ powder was analyzed by a temperature programmed reduction method with different heating rates in Ar-10% $H_2$ atmosphere. The activation energies for the reduction of $WO_3$, estimated by the slope of the Kissinger plot from the amount of reaction peak shift with heating rates, were measured as 117.4 kJ/mol and 94.6 kJ/mol depending on reduction steps from $WO_3$ to $WO_2$ and from $WO_2$ to W, respectively. SEM and XRD analysis for the hydrogen-reduced powder mixture showed that the nano-sized W particles were well distributed on the surface of the micro-sized W powders.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.837-843
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• 2005

한외여과 공정의 전처리 공정으로 응집을 적용하였으며, 막여과 공정에 미치는 응집공정의 영향을 평가하였다. 예상되는 응집 효과는 수질 개선, 막오염 저감 및 역세척 효율 향상 등이며, 응집 한외여과 막여과 공정을 연속운전을 통해 조사하였다. 이때 적용된 응집제는 황산반토, PACS, 염화제2철이다. 연구 결과 응집을 통해 처리수 수질을 크게 향상 시킬 수 있었으며, 현탁물질 보다는 유기물 제거율에 높은 효과가 있었고, 최대 30.6%의 제거율 향상을 나타내었다. 막오염 저감에 있어서는 세 종류의 응집제 모두 뚜렷한 효과를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 특히 장기운전에 TA어서 PACS가 가장 효과적이었다. 역세척 효율은 철염응집제가 가장 효과적이었으며, 적정 응집제 주입량에 가까울수록 효율이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2017

Fashion companies are increasingly becoming aware of the importance of Digilog as a response strategy to an emotional stimulus, in order to win the hearts of consumers, because the Digilog provides a new type of emotional value. The features of Digilog found in modern fashion are characterized as follows: first, the "Fashion Image of Hybrid Nature" expresses nature in a new light or reinterprets existing expressions of nature, by using cutting-edge technology based on the psychological desire to return to, adapt with, and harmonize with nature. Second, the "Fashion Image of Nostalgia," which exhibits past forms of regressive fashion, is a fashion code that can be understood as a social trend. It has a digital exterior, with retro materials and old perfumes that reflect psychological comfort, as its expressive medium. Third, the "Lifestyle through the Technique of Interaction" is the sharing of information through consumer participation and delivery, or its interaction. Fourth, the "Fashion Design through the Technique of Customizing" allows consumers to actively participate in the design process. It reflects the consumer's desire to personally design fashion products. Fifth, the "Emotion Sharing through the Technique of Storytelling," which focuses on intangible values, is based on the sentiment of communication between the consumer and the brand, thereby satisfying the inner values as well as the aesthetic demands of consumers. This study confirmed that digital fashion, which uses digital technology based on analog sentiments, has opened up a new environment for fashion culture and has also widened the boundaries of fashion.