• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.600-609
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• 2003

A hybrid stabilization approach involving both Passivity Observer/passivity Controller and wave variables is addressed to stabilize the teleoperation system with time delay. To guarantee the stability of master or slave side, Passivity Observer and Passivity Controller are applied. But Passivity Observer and Passivity Controller technique cannot deal with communication delay and even small communication delay cause the system to be unstable. To cope with this problem, wave variables are additionally employed to have robustness to arbitrary delays. To show the validity of our proposed approach, several computer simulation results are illustrated.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권11호
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• pp.2266-2268
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• 2009

In this paper, a simple method of angle velocity estimation is presented for a passive dynamic biped robot. The estimation problem is not an easy task because its dynamic model is a hybrid system involved with an impact condition. Instead of designing a complex observer for hybrid systems we simply utilize the impact condition to reset the initial condition of the high-pass filter when the non-support leg hits the slope. The approach has been verified by simulation results.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1038-1046
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• 2014

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in hybrid and pure electric vehicles. State-of-charge (SOC) estimation is a fundamental issue in vehicle power train control and battery management systems. This study proposes a novel model-based SOC estimation method that applies closed-loop state observer theory and a comprehensive battery model. The state-space model of lithium-ion battery is developed based on a three-order resistor-capacitor equivalent circuit model. The least square algorithm is used to identify model parameters. A multi-state closed-loop state observer is designed to predict the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of a battery based on the battery state-space model. Battery SOC can then be estimated based on the corresponding relationship between battery OCV and SOC. Finally, practical driving tests that use two types of typical driving cycle are performed to verify the proposed SOC estimation method. Test results prove that the proposed estimation method is reasonably accurate and exhibits accuracy in estimating SOC within 2% under different driving cycles.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.90-102
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• 2009

In this paper, a tracking control problem for a mechanical servo system with nonlinear dynamic friction is treated. The nonlinear friction model contains directly immeasurable friction state and the uncertainty caused by incomplete modeling and variations of its parameter. In order to provide the efficient solution to these control problems, we propose a hybrid control scheme, which consists of a robust friction state observer, a RFNN estimator and an approximation error estimator with sliding mode control. A sliding mode controller and a robust friction state observer is firstly designed to estimate the unknown infernal state of the LuGre friction model. Next, a RFNN estimator is introduced to approximate the unknown lumped friction uncertainty. Finally, an adaptive approximation error estimator is designed to compensate the approximation error of the RFNN estimator. Some simulations and experiments on the mechanical servo system composed of ball-screw and DC servo motor are presented. Results demonstrate the remarkable performance of the proposed control scheme.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

This paper presents a novel smart MEMS accelerometer which employs a hybrid control algorithm and an estimator. This scheme is realized by adding a sliding-mode controller to a conventional PID closed loop system to achieve higher stability and higher dynamic range and to prevent pull-in phenomena by preventing finger displacement from passing a maximum preset value as well as adding an adaptive nonlinear observer to a conventional PID closed loop system. This estimator is used for online estimation of the parameter variations for MEMS accelerometers and gives the capability of self testing to the system. The analysis of convergence and resolution show that while the proposed control scheme satisfies these criteria it also keeps resolution performance better than what is normally obtained in conventional PID controllers. The performance of the proposed hybrid controller investigated here is validated by computer simulation.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.615-622
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• 2012

The switching frequency of the power electronic devices used in large synchronous motor drives is usually kept low (less than 1 kHz) to reduce the switching losses and to improve the converter power capability. However, this results in a couple of problems, e.g. an increase in the harmonic components of the stator current, and an undesired cross-coupling between the magnetization current component ($i_m$) and the torque component ($i_t$). In this paper, a novel complex matrix model of electrically excited synchronous motors (EESM) was established with a new control scheme for coping with the low switching frequency issues. First, a hybrid observer was proposed to identify the instantaneous fundamental component of the stator current, which results in an obvious reduction of both the total harmonic distortion (THD) and the low order harmonics. Then, a novel complex current controller was designed to realize the decoupling between $i_m$ and $i_t$. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of this novel control system for EESM drives.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of Nonlinear Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by controlling the throttle position. Various control techniques such as well known Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in conjunction with state feedback controller (SFC) such as Pole Placement Technique (PPT), Observer Based Controller (OBC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Controller are designed. Some Intelligent control techniques e.g. fuzzy logic PD, Fuzzy logic PI along with Adaptive Controller such as Self Organizing Controller (SOC) is also designed. The design objective in this research paper is to provide smooth throttle movement, zero steady-state speed error, and to maintain a Selected Vehicle (SV) speed. A comparative study is carried out in order to identify the superiority of optimal control technique so as to get improved fuel economy, reduced pollution, improved driving safety and reduced manufacturing costs.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2009

A lumped parameter model of Li-ion battery in hybrid electric vehicle(HEV) is constructed and system parameters are identified by using recursive least square estimation for different C-rates, SOCs and temperatures. The system characteristics of pole and zero in frequency domain are analyzed with the parameters obtained from different conditions. The parameterized model of Li-ion battery indicates highly dependant of temperatures. The system pole and internal resistance changes 6.6 and 18 times at $-20^{\circ}C$, comparing with those at $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. These results will be utilized on constructing model-based state observer or an on-line identification and an adaptation of the model parameters in battery management systems for hybrid electric vehicle applications.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.1081-1087
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• 2006

Generally, biped walking is difficult to control because a biped robot is a nonlinear system with various uncertainties. In this paper, we propose a hybrid sliding-mode control method using a WNN uncertainty observer for stable walking of the 5-link biped robot with model uncertainties and the external disturbance. In our control system, the sliding mode control is used as main controller for the stable walking and a wavelet neural network(WNN) is used as an uncertainty observe. to estimate uncertainties of a biped robot model, and the error compensator is designed to compensate the reconstruction error of the WNN. The weights of WNN are trained by adaptation laws that are induced from the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control system is verified through computer simulations.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.2353-2363
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 외란이 존재하는 로보트 시스템에 대하여, 축소차수관측기를 사용하여 강인한 디지털 제어기의 설계방법을 다루었다. 대부분의 로보트 매니퓰레이터 경우는 상태변수 모두를 측정할 수 없기 때문에 측정할 수 없는 상태변수들은 추정되거나 재구성되어야 한다. 또 다른 문제점들은 미분불가능한 쿨롱마찰력과 같은 비선형 성분, 중력에 의한 외란, 그리고 구동모터와 매니퓰레이터 사이에 존재하는 뒤틀림 스프링 효과이다. 제어기의 설계는 측정가능한 상태변수와 축소차수 관측기에 의하여 추정한 상태변수들을 궤환시키고 출력 쪽에 이산적분기를 첨가하여 구성하였다. 제어기의 궤환이득은 우선 최적제어이론에 의해 구하고, 만약 시스템 응답이 리미트싸이클을 가지면 혼성시스템에 대한 기술함수법을 적용해서 제어기의 이득을 재조정하여 리미트싸이클을 제거하였다.