• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.485-494
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• 2004

Background : To assess the effects of mDOT implementation on sputum smear conversion for AFB (Acid fast bacilli) positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, modified Directly Observed Treatment (mDOT) was started on October $8^{th}$ 2001 at a health center in Seoul. mDOT was defined through weekly interviewing and supervising of a patient by a supervisor (doctor, nurse, or lay health worker). The sputum smear conversion of a mDOT group was compared with that of a self-medication (self) group. Methods : This study included 52 AFB positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered at a health center in Seoul between October $8^{th}$ 2001 and April $23^{rd}$ 2002. 24 and 28 patients were enrolled in the mDOT and self medication groups, respectively. Paired (1:1) individual matching, by gender, extent of disease, relapse and age-matching variables, was performed between the two groups, resulting in 20 paired matches. This prospective study was planned as an unblinded, non-randomized quasiexperimental pilot project. Outcomes were identified from results of sputum smear examinations for AFB in both groups at 2 weeks, and 1 and 2 months. The paired matching data were analyzed using the SAS program version 8.1 by McNemar test. Results : At the end of 2 weeks of treatment, the sputum smear conversion of the mDOT group was somewhat higher than that of the self medication group (78.57 vs. 50%, p-value=0.289), and after 1 month of treatment no statistically significant difference was shown between the two groups (83.33 vs. 50, p-value=0.125). At the end of 2 months of treatment (initial intensive phase), the sputum smear conversions of the mDOT and self groups were 95 and 75%, respectively (p-value=0.219). Conclusions : The implementation of mDOT did not result in clinically significant increases in the sputum smear conversion at 2 weeks, and 1 and 2 months compared with that of the self medication group. However, the increases experienced might contribute to diminishing the infectious period of AFB positive patients, and this approach may act as a guide for a specific group of patients. In this study, mDOT was performed for one hundred percent of the intensive treatment phase. It can also be an effective treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and may be useful for some high risk tuberculosis patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1983

In order to find out the possibility of utilizing red pepper seed as food resources of fats and proteins, a series of studies were conducted. The red pepper seed contained 27.6% of crude fat and 22.2% of crude protein. The lipid fractions obtained by silicic acid column chromatography were mainly composed of 95.4% neutral lipid, where as compound lipid were 4.6%. Among the neutral lipid separated by thin layer chromatography, triglyceride was 85.6%, sterol ester 4.9%, free fatty acids 3.4%, diglyceride 2.5%, sterol 2.2% and monoglyceride 1.1%, respectively. The predominant fatty acids of red pepper seed oil were linoleic acid (57.1-75.4%), palmitic acid (13.9-21.3%) and oleic acid (8.0-15.1%), especially glycolipid contained 1.7% of linolenic acid and small amount of myristic acid and arachidic acid. The salt soluble protein of red pepper seed was highly dispersible in 0.02M sodium phosphate buffer containing 1.0M $MgSO_4$, and the extractability of seed protein was about 25.0%. Glutamic acid and arginine were major amino acids of red pepper seed protein. The electrophoretic analysis showed 6 bands in seed protein, and the collection rate of the main protein fraction purified by sephadex G-100 and G-200 was about 62.2%. Glutamic acid (19.9%) was major amino acid of the main protein, followed by glycine and alanine. The molecular weight of the main protein was estimated to be 93,000.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.224-233
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• 1992

This report succeds the previous paper, the source of materials and statistical designs used were not altered. Under the hypothesis of maleffect of atmospheric pollutions emitted mainly by traffic automobiles on 20-year-old, Prunus yedoensis roadside trees planted along national road between Cheonju abd Kunsan, chlorophyll a and b contents, magnesium and sodium contents of leaves were analysed on September 15. Besides control sites considered to be a pollution free district, 20 polluted road-side sites, 10 on left roadside and 10 on right roadside, oppositely faced in pairs were selected. The leaves collected from 5 trees at each sampling site were bulked to eliminate the individual tree variation. Chlorophyll were extracted by Mackinney and Arnon method. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The planting belt width between road shoulder and paved road face edge for cherry trees, 160~170cm, was considered too narrow for the growing space. 2. On an average, the total chlorophyll content between Cheonju and Iri($8.60{\sim}9.31ml/cm^2$) was lower than that for between Iri and Kunsan($9.24{\sim}10.74ml/cm^2$). 3. The chlorophyll b content showed the difference, higher on right roadside and lower on left side. However this difference could be confirmed by matched pair T-test at 10% level. 4. Without exception, the chlorophyll contents of control sites were higher than those of road-side trees, implying the maleffect of atmospheric pollutants on cherry tree growth. 5. On the contrary, magnesium and sodium contents of the leaves of road-side trees were higher than that of control site trees.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1617-1622
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• 2011

We conducted this study to investigate the quality characteristics of saccharified rice gruel prepared with different cereal koji mold (rice, buckwheat, sorghum, adlay, or Italian millet koji). The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and crude ash content of rice, buckwheat, sorghum, adlay, and Italian millet showed a range of 11.12~12.85, 5.81~16.24, 0.56~4.36, and 0.28~1.93%, respectively. The proximate composition of saccharified rice gruel prepared with different cereal koji was significantly (p<0.05) higher than unsaccharified rice gruel. The pH, L, a, and b values of saccharified rice gruel ranged between 6.09~6.39, 60.38~78.25, -0.87~5.70, and 7.74~13.37, respectively. The viscosity of saccharified rice gruel prepared with different cereal koji was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the unsaccharified rice gruel. After saccharification, the soluble solids, glucose, and maltose content of saccharified rice gruel prepared with different cereal koji were significantly increased in the range of 11.47~13.03$^{\circ}Brix$, 0.60~1.44%, and 0.47~0.88%, respectively. A sensory evaluation indicated that saccharified rice gruel was significantly (p<0.05) better than unsaccharified rice gruel. In conclusion, cereal koji could be used as a gruel processing method to increase the sensory properties and nutritional values of gruels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1576-1582
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of administration of calcium supplementary food containing fermented product of Bacillus subtilis SE4 highly producing poly-$\gamma$-glutamic acid on the growthparameters of adolescent male rats. Four-week old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed for 4 weeks and assigned to the following 4 groups: two groups administered orally with new calcium supplementary food (such as 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) containing fermented product of B. subtilis SE4, one group administered with conventional calcium supplementary food product (150 mg/kg) and one saline group as control. Daily weight gain and daily food intake in the two new food product groups were higher than those of conventional food product group and control group. Especially, the content of serum IGF-I in the two new food product groups were significantly higher than those in conventional food product group and in control group (p<0.05). In addition, length and weight of longitudinal bone in the two new food product groups were longer and heavier than those of conventional food product group and control group. Therefore, the addition of fermented food product of B. subtilis SE4 into the conventional calcium supplementary food increased all the parameters examined for the growth of the adolescent male rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.813-819
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• 2010

The intracellular lipid droplets were stained with Oil Red O dye and quantified. Compared to the control, lipid accumulation was significantly decreased by 19.4% with the treatment of LCM at the concentration of $1000\;{\mu}g$/mL. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) level was also reduced by 21% at the concentration of $1000\;{\mu}g$/mL. To determine the mechanism for the reduction in TG content, levels of glucose uptake and glycerol release were measured. Incubation of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes with LCM did not affect the cellular uptake of glucose. However, the level of free glycerol released into the cultured medium drastically increased by 24.3% with the treatment of LCM. In subsequent measurements using quantitative real-time PCR, mRNA levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) except lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly elevated at higher concentration. These results suggest that LCM partially stimulates the lipolysis through the induction of HSL and/or ATGL gene expression, resulting in the reduced lipid accumulation and increased glycerol release.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.578-586
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• 2013

This study was performed in Pinus rigida and Larix kaempferi plantations which occupy approximately 60% of artificial forest area in Korea. The objective of this study was to know the differences in soil physical and chemical properties between both plantations. Soil physical and chemical properties from published literature and analyzed soil data in national forest in 2010 and 2011 were analyzed by plantation regions and stand age of 5 years unit. Jeollanamdo in Pinus rigida plantations and Gyeongsangbuk-do in Larix kaempferi plantations showed higher soil chemical properties than those of other regions. Soil texture in both plantations was almost loam and sandy loam. Mean soil pH in Pinus rigida and Larix kaempferi plantations were 4.86 and 4.87, respectively and there was no relationship between soil pH and stand age. The mean concentrations of total nitrogen (%) and available phosphorus (mg $kg^{-1}$) were 0.21 and 11.00 for Pinus rigida plantation and 0.28 and 13.32 for Larix kaempferi plantation. In Larix kaempferi plantation, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter concentrations and C.E.C. were higher than those in Pinus rigida plantation and showed positive relationship with stand age. This positive relationship was also revealed between the exchangeable cations and soil pH. The results of this study provide an informative data in selecting tree species for planting and contribute to the establishing forest management plan for the maintenance of sustainable forests resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.342-347
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated changes in the organosulfur compounds of garlic (by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria) and the effects of these fermented garlic extracts on alcohol-induced cytotoxicity in CYP2E1-transfected HepG2 cells. Lactobacillus plantarum has the highest growth rate in a garlic medium and the S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) in fermented garlic extracts with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus were significantly higher compared to other lactic acid bacteria strains (p<0.05). The SAC, S-ethyl cysteine (SEC) and S-methyl cysteine (SMC) in garlic extracts were all increased by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria. However, alliin in the fermented garlic extracts with lactic acid bacteria strains was lower than the original garlic extract and the contents of cycloalliin in the garlic extracts did not change with fermentation (p<0.05). The electron donating ability of the fermented garlic extracts increased with dose. The electron donating ability of the fermented garlic extract with L. plantarum and P. pentosaceus was over 90% efficient at 5 mg/g. The fermented garlic extracts (with lactic acid bacteria) and garlic extract were not influenced, up to $100{\mu}g/mL$, in CYPE1-transfected HepG2 cells. The CYPE1-transfected HepG2 cell viabilities were 92.60% and 92.23% when treated with both alcohol (200 mM) and fermented garlic extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$) with lactic acid bacteria respectively, for 6 days.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2007

Purpose: We investigated whether the diagnostic performance of SPECT scintimammography (SMM) can be improved by adding computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of ultrasonography (US). Materials and methods: We reviewed breast SPECT SMM images and corresponding US images from 40 patients with breast masses (21 malignant and 19 benign tumors). The quantitative data of SPECT SMM were obtained as the uptake ratio of lesion to contralateral normal breast. The morphologic features of the breast lesions on US were extracted and quantitated using the automated CAD software program. The diagnostic performance of SPECT SMM and CAD of US alone was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The best discriminating parameter (D-value) combining SPECT SMM and the CAD of US was created. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of combined two diagnostic modalities were compared to those of a single one. Results: Both SPECT SMM and CAD of US showed a relatively good diagnostic performance (area under curve = 0.846 and 0.831, respectively). Combining the results of SPECT SMM and CAD of US resulted in improved diagnostic performance (area under curve =0.860), but there was no statistical differerence in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy between the combined method and a single modality. Conclusion: It seems that combining the results of SPECT SMM and CAD of breast US do not significantly improve the diagnostic performance for diagnosis of breast cancer, compared with that of SPECT SMM alone. However, SPECT SMM and CAD of US may complement each other in differential diagnosis of breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2010

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), which is commonly found in raw seafood, causes gastroenteritis in humans. Rapid and effective methods have been developed as culture methods require up to 5-7 days. In this study, real-time PCR was compared with the standard culture method for detecting V. parahaemolyticus in seafood and radish sprout samples. Five hundred grams of the samples were artificially contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus then divided into 20 samples. The samples were incubated in alkaline peptone water and then streaked onto thiosulfate-citrate-bile saltssucrose agar. Biochemical tests for suspicious colonies were performed using the API 20NE strip. In parallel, real-time PCR was performed targeting the toxR gene using the enrichment broth. The real-time PCR was sensitive in discriminating V. parahaemolyticus from other foodborne pathogens. The detection limit of the real-time PCR was $10^3\;CFU/mL$ in phosphate-buffered saline. Although the real-time PCR detected more positive samples (76 out of 180, 42%) than the culture method (66 out of 180, 37%), there was no significant statistical difference (p>0.05) between the two methods. In conclusion, real-time PCR assays could be an alternative to the standard culture method for detecting V. parahaemolyticus in seafood and radish sprouts, which has many advantages in terms of detection time, labor, and sensitivity.