• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.439-445
• /
• 2014

This study aimed to determine the quality characteristics of ginseng seed oil as well as evaluate the efficacy of ginseng seed oil as a food resource. Ginseng seed oil was obtained by different extraction methods; from solvent extraction oil, supercritical fluid extraction oil, and screw pressed extraction oil. Total unsaturated fatty acids were present at 97.72~97.92%. Oleic acid (80.13~81.16%) was the highest, followed by linoleic acid (14.98~15.69%). The total phenol content (mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g oil) was higher in screw pressed extraction oil ($56.32{\pm}1.47$) compared to others. ${\gamma}$-Tocopherol was only present in ginseng seed oil and screw pressed extraction oil showed the highest levels of ${\gamma}$-tocopherol ($5.95{\pm}0.25$ mg/100g oil) among the tested samples. Screw pressed extraction oil showed the greatest oxidative stability with an induction time of 16.58 hours. Acid values and peroxide values of ginseng seed oil increased with increasing storage period. The total phenol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol contents were higher in screw pressed extraction oil than in other ginseng seed oils, which suggests that screw pressed extraction oil has the greatest oxidative stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.955-961
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the amounts of vitamin C in 22 sweet potato cultivars cultivated in Korea as well as evaluate the effects of cooking methods on vitamin C contents. Methods for determining vitamin C was validated by determining linearity, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy using HPLC. Results showed high linearity in the calibration curve with a coefficient of correlation ($R^2$) of 0.9999. The LOD and LOQ values for ascorbic acid (AA) were 0.03 and $0.10{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra- and inter-day precision of AA were less than 5%. The recovery rates of AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) were in the range from 98.21~98.64 and 98.28~100.68%, respectively. Depending on cultivar, contents of AA, DHA, and total ascorbic acid (TA) in sweet potatoes varied in the range from 37.76 (Sinyulmi)~89.25 (Juhwangmin), 23.37 (Sinjami)~63.94 (Sinyulmi), and 68.52 (Sinjami)~115.95 (Juhwangmin) mg/100 g, respectively, and their average levels were $56.98{\pm}12.53$, $36.46{\pm}9.03$, and $93.44{\pm}12.00mg/100g$, respectively. The average TA levels were also dependent on flesh color, whish was significantly higher in general sweet potato and orange sweet potato than in purple sweet potato. Steaming, baking, and frying processes significantly reduced AA (10.61~58.41%), DHA (2.57~52.81%), and TA (14.54~49.92%) contents in sweet potatoes. The highest reduction of AA, DHA, and TA contents was observed after baking, followed by steaming and frying. We expect that the basic information provided by this study will be useful to plant breeders and food scientists.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.106-113
• /
• 1991

A clinical review of 31 cases of multiple myeloma which were diagnosed by criteria of the SWOG between May 1983 and February 1990 at Yeungnam University Hospital was done. The results were as followings : 1. The peak incidence was in 7th decade and male to female ratio was 1.8 : 1. 2. The most common presenting symptom at first diagnosis was bone pain (58%), but fever, dyspnea, dizziness and palpable mass were also noted. 3. The distribution of laboratory findings as following diagnostic criteria of Southwest oncology group(SWOG) : plasmacytoma on tissue biopsy was noted 6 cases, bone marrow plasmacytosis with more than 10% plasma cells was 22 cases, monoclonal globulin spike on serum electrophoresis was 24 cases, lytic bone lesions was observed 22 cases. 4. Initial clinical stages were classified as 2 cases in stage I, 3 cases in stage II, 26 cases in stage III(84%) 5. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed the distribution of IgG 64%, light chain 22%, IgA 10%. Kappa to Lambda ratio of 1.1 : 1. 6. Hematologic & biochemical fingins revealed anemia with <8.5% of hemoglobulin in 42%, hypercalcemia with < 10.6mg% of serum calcium in 22%, azotemia >2.0mg% of serum creatinine in 19%. 7. The multiple punched out lesion of bone x-ray examination were noticed skull(65%), rib(42%), L-spine(35%), pelvis(23%), T-spine(19%). The initial skeletal roentgenographic findings showed osteoporosis, osteolytic lesion and fracture in 55%, only osteolytic lesion in 23%, only osteoporosis in 10%. 8. Complications of multiple myeoloma, such as 10 cases of renal impairment, 8 cases of infection, 16 cases of compression fracture of spine were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.58-62
• /
• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, location, type and treatment of meniscal injury associated with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears Material and Methods: From Mar. 1997 to Feb. 2002, we reviewed 73 cases of acute ACL tear. There were 66 males and 7 females. The average age at the time of surgery was 33 year old (range, 16-62 years). The common causes of meniscal injury were sports injuries (45 cases) and traffic accidents (19 cases). In 45 sports injuries, thirty four cases were soccer injuries. All patients had undergone arthroscopic evaluation. We analyzed incidence, type, location, and treatment of meniscal injuries, especially those of soccer injuries. Results : Foully eight (57 sites) out of 73 had meniscal tears : Of these injuries, tears of lateral meniscus (26 cases, $54.2\%$) were more common than medial meniscus. Posterior horn of the meniscus was the most common location (52 cases, $91.2\%$) and radial tears were the most common type (15 cases, $26.3\%$). Thirty eight cases $(66.7\%)$ were treated by partial menisectomy. In soccer injuries, twenty eight (33 sites) out of 34 had meniscal tears. and tears of lateral meniscus (17 cases, $60.7\%$) were more common. Posterior horn of the meniscus was the most common location (30 cases, $90.9\%$) and radial tears were the most common type (9 cases, $27.3\%$). Twenty two cases $(66.7\%)$ were treated by partial menisectomy. Conclusions : Lateral meniscal tears in the setting of an acute ACL insufficiency are more common than medial meniscal tears. The findings in the this study would be helpful in clinical diagnosis and subsequent treatment decisions in patients with an acute ACL tears.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2019

Organic fertilization (OF) was an effective management strategy to improve crop yield and soil fertility. Determination of optimum application rate has been received great interest as a major research field. In this study, we evaluated optimum application level of three different organic fertilizers; mixed expeller compost (MEC), mixed organic fertilizer (MOF) and organic complex fertilizer (OCF), for garlic cultivation. Treatments consisted of MEC, MOF, OCF (50, 100, 150% of standard nitrogen input), inorganic fertilizer(NPK, N-P₂O₅-K₂O : 250-78-128 kg ha^-1) and no-fertilization (control). Overall, the yields of garlic under MEC, MOF and OCF 100% (5,337, 5,617 and 5,276 kg ha^-1) were higher than under control (4,496 kg ha^-1). The 100% of three OFs treatements showed the highest yield and bulb diameter, similar with NPK, while leaf length and bulb height were not significantly different among all treatments. The 150% of three OFs rather decreased yield. The highest nitrogen use efficiency (38.4 and 38.0%) was observed in MOF 100% and OCF100%, which was the most similar with that in NPK (38.8%). As OF application rate increased, pH was decreased, but soil NO₃-N and NH₄-N were increased. There was no significant difference in soil organic matter (OM), av. P₂O₅ and Ex. cation values. From these results, 100% application of OFs could be recommended as a suitable input level for garlic cultivation, regardless of organic fertilizer types. Further study might be required to evaluate long-term OF application effect on soil health and crop productivity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.258-267
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The current study was designed to investigate the relationship of dietary calcium and riboflavin and their main dietary source (milk and dairy products) with the risk of periodontitis using data from 2007 to 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Methods: A total of 1,690 adults aged ${\geq}40$ years were included. We used results of dental examination regarding all sextant information on probing depth of at least two index teeth, nutritional assessment by a single 24-hour dietary recall, and demographic and medical information. The periodontitis group was defined as those who had 3-4 points, and the normal group was defined as those who had 0 points of Community Periodontal Index at all locations of six examination sites using a probe. Results: Using multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for age, body mass index, energy intake, income, smoking, and alcohol drinking, we found an inverse relationship between consumption of dairy products and risk for periodontitis (OR: 0.465, 95% CI: 0.224-0.964) and between dietary riboflavin intake more than the estimated average requirements and risk for periodontitis (OR: 0.535, 95% CI: 0.300-0.954) in males. Conclusion: Adequate intake of milk dairy products and riboflavin may be recommended for prevention of periodontitis in the Korean male population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.250-257
• /
• 2014

To develop vinegar with immature Citrus unshiu (IC), bacterial strains with high acetic acid-producing capabilities were isolated and identified, after which their quality characteristics, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities were measured. Five bacterial strains were isolated from naturally fermented C. unshiu, and three were identified as Acetobacter fabarum (A. sp. RIC I) and A. pomorum (A. sp. RIC II, V). A. sp. RIC V showed the highest acetic acid-producing capability and was thus chosen as the candidate strain for further acetic fermentation using IC juice. Vinegars made with 30, 35, and 40% IC juices showed acidities of 5.38, 5.38, and 5.32% and fermentation efficiencies of 73, 72, and 70%, respectively. The fermentation periods required to reach greater than 5% acidity were 11, 9, and 9 days for vinegars containing 30, 35, and 40% IC juices, respectively. Fructose and glucose contents of the vinegars increased along with total organic acid contents including acetic acid, with increasing IC juice contents. Total phenolics were 1,546.6 and $230.9{\mu}g$ GAE/mL, whereas total flavonoids were 1,004.7 and $175.1{\mu}g$ QE/mL in vinegars made with IC and mature C. unshiu (MC) juices, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activities were 29% and 5%, ABTS radical scavenging activities were 62.0% and 17.9%, SOA scavenging activities were 60.9% and 41.7%, and XO scavenging activities were 32.5% and 5% in vinegars made with IC and MC juices, respectively. Therefore, vinegars made with 35% and 40% IC juices using A. sp. RIC V as the acetic acid fermentation strain showed potent antioxidant activities with greater total phenolic and flavonoid contents, promoting their use as functional vinegars.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.61-85
• /
• 1968

The experiment was carried out on eight healthy male subjects of 19-22 years old and they were maintained The experiment was carried out on eight healthy male subjects of 19-22 years old and they were maintained under the rice diet, the general mixed diet and the high animal protein diet for 7 days of each experimental period, respectively. The composition of each diet was indicated in Table 3. The allowance' of each nutrient per head per day in each diet were as follows. a) In the rice diet; protein:139.5 g (animal source:64.6 g, vegetable source:74.9 g), fat:25.3 g (animal source:11.3 g, vegetable source:14.0 g), carbohydrate: 644.0 g, calcium:982.3 mg, phosphorus: 2369.2mg, thiamine:2.1 mg, riboflavin: 1.6 mg, and 3211 Cal. b) In the general mixed diet; protein: 97.4g (animal source: 10.5 g, vegetable source: 86.9 g), fat:40.3 g (animal source:7.1 g, vegetable source:33.2 g), carbohydrate:620.7 g, calcium:887.1m g, phosphorus:2200.8m g, thiamine: 1.8m g, riboflavin:1.9m g, and 3158 Cal. c) In the high animal protein diet; protein: 135.6 g (animal source:68.8 g, vegetable source:66.8 g), fat:32.5g (animal source:17.9 g, vegetable source:14.6 g), carbohydrate:930.9 g, calcium: 626.0 mg, phosphorus: 1998.9 mg, thiamine: 1.5 mg, riboflavin: 1.5 mg, and 3194 Cal. The absorption rates of protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phospherus, thiamine and riboflavin in each diet were observed. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The absorption rates of protein and fat in the rice diet were 88.t % and 71.3.%. 2. The absorption rates of protein and fat in the general mixed diet were 83.4% and 86.4%. 3. The absorption rates of protein and fat in the high animal protein diet were 86.8% and 82.4%. 4. The nitrogen balances in the rice, the general mixed and the high animal protein diet groups were +5.7g, +2.3g and +4.0g respectively. 5. The absorption rates of carbohydrate in each diet were all above 95 % and so seemed to be almost completely absorbed except the cellulose in the diets. 6. The calory utilization rates in each diet were all above 93 %. 7. The minimum absorption rates of protein, fat and calory were 83.8%, 63.3%, and 89.7% in the rice diet, 80.0%, 80.9% and 85.9%, in the general mixed diet and 83.6%, 75.7% and. 89.3 % in the high animal protein diet respectively. Therefore, it is assumed that these data might be significant in practical use. 8. The protein absorption rates of the rice diet (88.1 %) was better than that of the general mixed diet (83.4 %). 9. The fat absorption rates of the general mixed diet and the high animal protein diet (86.4% and 82.4%) were signficantly better than that of the rice diet (71.3%). 10. The calcium absorption rates of each diet, rice diet, the general mixed diet and the high animal protein diet were 41.6%, 36.0%, and 27.7%, respectively. 11. The phosphorus absorption rates of each diet were 51.4%, 56.0% and 52.3%, respectively.12. The phosphorus absorption rate seemed better than that of calcium. 13. The thiamine absorption rates of each diet seemed 27.0 %, 42.9 % and 29.5 %, respectively. 14. The riboflavin absorption rates of each diet seemed above 30.6%, 27.1%, and 39.3% respectively. 15. The excretion amounts of thiamine or riboflavin were much more than the amounts ingested of the both vitamins. Therefore, the certain amount of both vitamins seemed to synthesize in the intestine.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 2010

The ambipolar diffusion equation has been solved in a fine-tube lamp of a few mm in diameter. In the diffusion of radial direction, the plasma diffuses and vanishes away at the glass wall by recombination with the characteristic time of plasma loss is given by $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$. With the radius $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$ and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$, the vanishing time is calculated $\tau_r{\sim}10\;{\mu}s$ which corresponds to the least value of frequency 30 kHz for the sustaining the plasma in the operation of high voltage AC-power. In the diffusion of longitudinal z-direction, a high density plasma generated at the area of a high voltage electrode, diffuses into the positive column with the characteristic time $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$. The plasma diffusion velocity at the boundary of high density plasma is $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$ at the time $t{\sim}10^{-6}$ s and the diffusion velocity becomes slow as $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$ at $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$. Therefore, for the long lamp of 1 m, it takes about several seconds for the high density plasma at the area of electrode to diffuse through the whole positive column space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.721-728
• /
• 2006

The objective of the study was to analyze the contents and fatty acid compositions in the extracted fats from selected commercial ice creams and ice cream-related products. Seventy four ice creams and ice cream-related products were collected from local stores: 22 regular 'ice creams', 10 premium 'ice creams', 22 'ice milks', 4 'sherbets', 11 'non-milk-fat ice creams' and 5 'non-milk product ice creams'. Contents and fatty acid compositions of the fats in the ice creams and ice cream-related products were analyzed. Fat contents in regular 'ice creams', premium 'ice creams' and 'ice milks' were $5{\sim}11%,\;13{\sim}17%\;and\;2{\sim}10%$, respectively. 'Sherbets', 'non-milk-fat ice creams' and 'non-milk product ice creams' contained $2{\sim}7%,\;4{\sim}11%\;and\;1{\sim}2%$ fats, respectively. Fats extracted from 14 regular 'ice creams', all of the premium 'ice creams' and 11 'ice milks' contained $63{\sim}75%$ saturated fatty acids and $2{\sim}5%$ trans fatty acids. Their fatty acid compositions were similar to those in milks and butter. However, fats from 8 regular 'ice creams' and 11 'ice milks' contained $11{\sim}28%\;and\;11{\sim}34%$ lauric acid, respectively. Since these levels of lauric acid were 3 times more than in milk or butter, other fats along with milk fat might be used for manufacturing these' ice creams' and 'ice milks'. Out of these 19 products, only 5 products were labelled as 'coconut oil' or 'refined oil' as well as milk fat being used. Fats extracted from 'sherbets', 'non-milk-fat ice creams' and 'non-milk product ice creams' contained $81{\sim}92%,\;76{\sim}99%\;and\;84{\sim}99%$ saturated fatty acids, respectively. Lauric acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the fats of these products, being $33{\sim}34%,\;17{\sim}45%\;and\;27{\sim}46%$ of the total fatty acids, respectively.