• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.5
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• pp.328-334
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• 2011

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world and is the only major disease that is continuing to increase in both prevalence and mortality. The second Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey revealed that the prevalence of COPD in Korean subjects aged ${\geq}45$ years was 17.2% in 2001. Further surveys on the prevalence of COPD were not available until 2007. Here, we report the prevalence of spirometrically detected COPD in Korea, using data from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES IV) which was conducted in 2007~2009. Methods: Based on the Korean Statistical Office census that used nationwide stratified random sampling, 10,523 subjects aged ${\geq}40$ years underwent spirometry. Place of residence, levels of education, income, and smoking status, as well as other results from a COPD survey questionnaire were also assessed. Results: The prevalence of COPD (defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/forced vital capacity <0.7 in subjects aged ${\geq}40$ years) was 12.9% (men, 18.7%; women, 7.5%). In total, 96.5% of patients with COPD had mild-to-moderate disease; only 2.5% had been diagnosed by physicians, and only 1.7% had been treated. The independent risk factors for COPD were smoking, advanced age, and male gender. Conclusion: The prevalence of COPD was 12.9% in the KNHANES IV data. Most patients with COPD were undiagnosed and untreated. Based on these results, a strategy for early COPD intervention is warranted in high risk subjects.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.332-339
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• 2010

We aimed to setup an adaptive radiation therapy platform using cone-beam CT (CBCT) and multileaf collimator (MLC) log data and also intended to analyze a trend of dose calculation errors during the procedure based on a phantom study. We took CT and CBCT images of Catphan-600 (The Phantom Laboratory, USA) phantom, and made a simple step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan based on the CT. Original plan doses were recalculated based on the CT ($CT_{plan}$) and the CBCT ($CBCT_{plan}$). Delivered monitor unit weights and leaves-positions during beam delivery for each MLC segment were extracted from the MLC log data then we reconstructed delivered doses based on the CT ($CT_{recon}$) and CBCT ($CBCT_{recon}$) respectively using the extracted information. Dose calculation errors were evaluated by two-dimensional dose discrepancies ($CT_{plan}$ was the benchmark), gamma index and dose-volume histograms (DVHs). From the dose differences and DVHs, it was estimated that the delivered dose was slightly greater than the planned dose; however, it was insignificant. Gamma index result showed that dose calculation error on CBCT using planned or reconstructed data were relatively greater than CT based calculation. In addition, there were significant discrepancies on the edge of each beam while those were less than errors due to inconsistency of CT and CBCT. $CBCT_{recon}$ showed coupled effects of above two kinds of errors; however, total error was decreased even though overall uncertainty for the evaluation of delivered dose on the CBCT was increased. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate dose calculation errors separately as a setup error, dose calculation error due to CBCT image quality and reconstructed dose error which is actually what we want to know.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 2003

Purpose : Authors experienced cases of chronic ACL tear with spur-like lesion on the tibial condyle which is different from the lateral capsular sign and degenerative change and evaluated the significance of 'spur-like lesion' in relations with chronic ACL injury. Material and Method : We have 5 patients with spur-like lesion on the lateral tibial condyle in simple radiogram. The location, shape and size of the lesion were studied using radiogram and MRI. Cause of injury, associated injury and chronicity of the ACL tear were analyzed. All 5 patients were male, and mean age was 33.8 $(17\~46)$ years. Result : The spur-like lesion was located from 3.8 mm(avg.) below the articular surface of the lateral tibial condyle to the apex of the fibular head and protruded laterally or inferolaterally from just posterior to the Gerdy's tubercle with a round or sharp-end triangular shape. Average length was 6 mm and average width ortho base was 9.2 mm. The cause of injury were sports jnjury 4 cases and traffic accident in one. The chronicity of the ACL tear was average 10.7(8 months$\~$23 years) years and medial meniscus tear was shown in all cases and lateral meniscus tear in three. Conclusion : We suggest that a patient who has a history of trauma with spur-like lesion on the lateral tibial condyle of the knee is expected to have chronic ACL tear.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, location, type and treatment of meniscal injury associated with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears Material and Methods: From Mar. 1997 to Feb. 2002, we reviewed 73 cases of acute ACL tear. There were 66 males and 7 females. The average age at the time of surgery was 33 year old (range, 16-62 years). The common causes of meniscal injury were sports injuries (45 cases) and traffic accidents (19 cases). In 45 sports injuries, thirty four cases were soccer injuries. All patients had undergone arthroscopic evaluation. We analyzed incidence, type, location, and treatment of meniscal injuries, especially those of soccer injuries. Results : Foully eight (57 sites) out of 73 had meniscal tears : Of these injuries, tears of lateral meniscus (26 cases, $54.2\%$) were more common than medial meniscus. Posterior horn of the meniscus was the most common location (52 cases, $91.2\%$) and radial tears were the most common type (15 cases, $26.3\%$). Thirty eight cases $(66.7\%)$ were treated by partial menisectomy. In soccer injuries, twenty eight (33 sites) out of 34 had meniscal tears. and tears of lateral meniscus (17 cases, $60.7\%$) were more common. Posterior horn of the meniscus was the most common location (30 cases, $90.9\%$) and radial tears were the most common type (9 cases, $27.3\%$). Twenty two cases $(66.7\%)$ were treated by partial menisectomy. Conclusions : Lateral meniscal tears in the setting of an acute ACL insufficiency are more common than medial meniscal tears. The findings in the this study would be helpful in clinical diagnosis and subsequent treatment decisions in patients with an acute ACL tears.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2015

This study was first conducted to investigate the effect of post-mortem storage time of chicken meat on the quality of chicken breast, and to determine whether the current grading rule that is 'using the chicken meat within 2 day post-mortem (PM)' is appropriate or not at meat processing plants. Different methods such as freshness, lightness ($L^*$), total number of microbes, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), shear force and cooking loss were performed. Forty samples of different PM time (0~4 day) of chicken meat were stored in the refrigerator ($3^{\circ}C$). As a result of comparing the chicken meat of 2 day and 3 day PM, torrymeter value was 6.9 and 7.0, respectively. The other values are also as follows: lightness ($L^*$) 60.22 and 60.51, total number of microbes 4.20 and $4.31log_{10}CFU/g$, TBARS value 0.056 and 0.071 mg MDA/kg, shear force 1.43 and $1.59kg/cm^2$, and cooking loss 17.24 and 15.66%, respectively. As a result, these two groups were not significantly different (P<0.05). TBARS value of the chicken meat of 4 day PM was 0.088 mg MDA/kg which is significantly higher compared to 2~3 day PM (P<0.05). Thus, the result of the study suggests that using the chicken meat within 3 day PM is also possible. If the grading rule that is 'using the chicken meat within 2 day post-mortem (PM)' is changed to 3 day PM, it will allow processing plants and distributors to more flexibly use or distribute chicken meat.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate variation of pinitol content in different parts of seventeen legume species including silk tree (Albizia julibrissin). D-pinitol has been demonstrated to exert insulin-like and anti-inflammatory effects. These legumes were collected from Gyeongsangbuk-Do in Korea. Significant difference in pinitol content was observed among 17 different legume species. However, it was the highest in sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata). The highest pinitol content was observed in leaf followed by stem, pod shell, seed and root among plant parts. Legume plants which had higher pinitol content in leaves were chinese pea shrub, bastard indigo, wild cowpea and sericea lespedeza, having 59.9 mg/g, 62.2 mg/g, 69.6 mg/g and 65.4 mg/g, respectively. Stem of astragali radix showed the highest pinitol content among all leagumes, which was 34.0 mg/g. In case of root, kudzuvine showed the highest pinitol content followed by licorice and chinese pea shrub, which were 24.6 mg/g, 16.9 mg/g, and 16.5 mg/g, respectively. However, in the case of pod shell and seed, only lablab purpureus and sericea lespedeza showed the highest pinitol content 52.5 mg/g (for pod shell) and 24.9 mg/g (for seed), respectively. Concluding, the sericea lespedeza showed the highest total pinitol content of whole plant followed by chinese redbud, chinese pea shrub, bastard indigo and silk tree. Considering the pinitol content and harvesting yield, sericea lespedeza can be used as a practical medicinal herb.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.271-280
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the effects of tooth-brushing facilities (TBF) at middle schools that installed TBF in 2012 as part of the oral health project in Seongdong-gu, Seoul. The subjects were the first graders at A middle school that installed TBF previously and B middle school that installed TBF in 2012. The results are as follows: DMFT, DMFS and CPI didn't show significant difference by schools (p>0.05), but code (0) was higher and code (2) was lower in female students than male students (p<0.05). As to PHP index, the students at A school with TBF indicated better oral hygiene (p<0.01). In the research on before and after installing TBF, the oral hygiene was improved significantly more after the installation than before (p <0.01). In the comparison on the oral health-related behavior, the percentage of not brushing after lunch was higher B school than A school and the frequency of toothbrushing after lunch was higher A school than B school (p<0.01). About the reasons why not to brush after lunch, there was difference in 'lack of the place' as A school showed 2.6% while B school without TBF indicated 14.2% (p<0.01). About the changes of the oral health-related behavior before and after TBF installation, the percentage of not brushing after lunch increased from 78.7% to 83.8% after the installation. The average frequency of tooth-brushing after lunch for one week also decreased from 0.50 to 0.34 (p>0.05). Among the reasons why not to brush after lunch, 'lack of the place' significantly reduced, but 'because other friends don't do it' increased greatly after the installation (p <0.05). Only with the improvement of oral health knowledge, we cannot expect either clinical or behavioral significance. Not only schools but policies of governmental agencies and financial support, cooperation of community-related groups for program development and evaluation will contribute altogether to helping teenagers to habitualize proper oral health management.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2018

Background: The diffusing capacity of the lung is influenced by multiple factors such as age, sex, height, weight, ethnicity and smoking status. Although a prediction equation for the diffusing capacity of Korea was proposed in the mid-1980s, this equation is not used currently. The aim of this study was to develop a new prediction equation for the diffusing capacity for Koreans. Methods: Using the data of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 140 nonsmokers with normal chest X-rays were enrolled in this study. Results: Using linear regression analysis, a new predicting equation for diffusing capacity was developed. For men, the following new equations were developed: carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLco)=-10.4433-0.1434${\times}$age (year)+0.2482${\times}$heights (cm); DLco/alveolar volume (VA)=6.01507-0.02374${\times}$age (year)-0.00233${\times}$heights (cm). For women the prediction equations were described as followed: DLco=-12.8895-0.0532${\times}$age (year)+0.2145${\times}$heights (cm) and DLco/VA=7.69516-0.02219${\times}$age (year)-0.01377${\times}$heights (cm). All equations were internally validated by k-fold cross validation method. Conclusion: In this study, we developed new prediction equations for the diffusing capacity of the lungs of Koreans. A further study is needed to validate the new predicting equation for diffusing capacity.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2016

Metallothionein (MT) family of metal-binding proteins are involved in maintaining homeostasis and heavy metal poisoning. Recently, MT has been considered as a biomarker that can identify a particular species, very similar to the use of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Satsuma myomphala species of land snails have been reported from North-East Asia, including South Korea and Japan. In particular, the land snail species have been known from only a limited area of Geoje Island, Gyeongsangnam-do province of South Korea. Genetic studies of S. myomphala has been limited with only 6 nucleotide, 2 protein registered on the NCBI server. For elucidating the genetic information of S. myomphala, we conducted RNA sequencing analysis using Illumina HiSeq 2500 next-generation platform. We screened the MT gene from the RNA-Seq database to confirm the molecular phylogenetic relationship. After sequencing, the de novo analysis and clustering generated 103,774 unigenes. After annotation against PANM database using BLAST program, we obtained MT sequence of 74 amino acid residues containing the coding region of 222 bp. Based on this sequence, we found about 53 sequences using the BLAST program in NCBI nr database. Using ClustalX alignment, Maximum-Likehood Tree of MEGA program, we confirmed the molecular phylogenetic relationships that showed similarity with mollusks such as Helix pomatia and H. aspersa, Megathura crenulata.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.223-233
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• 2006

The annual and spatial changes in the species composition of catch off Yeosu were analyzed using the daily sales slip catch data by a set net in the inshore waters off Dolsan Islands in Yeosu from April to October 2001, off Yeon Islands of Yeosu from April to October 2002 and in the offshore waters off Dolsan Islands of Yeosu from April to December 2003, respectively. Scomberomorus niphonius, Seriola spp., Trichiurus lepturus, Engraulis japonicus, Sarda orientalis, Todarodes pacificus, Pampus echinogaster, Sardinella zunasi, Scomber japonicus, Lophius litulon and Loligo beka were dominant species in abundance, indicating that pelagic fish were mainly caught by a set net off Yeosu. S. zunasi, P. echinogaster, Platycephalus indicus and L. beka inhabited mainly in the inshore waters, and S. niphonius, Seriola spp., T. lepturus, P. echinogaster, T. pacificus, Takifugu porphyreus and Pagrus major resided mainly in the offshore waters as the pelagic resident species. E. japonicus was a representative dominant species moving between the inshore and the offshore waters seasonally. S. zunasi and E. japonicus occurred in the inshore waters, and E. japonicus, L. litulon and Seriola spp. begain to be caught in the deep offshore waters in spring. Total catch was high during the summer season by migration of the open sea species such as T. lepturus, S. niphonius, S. japonicus, Seriola spp., S. orientalis, P. echinogaster and T. pacificus. In fall, S. niphonius, E. japonicus, Sphyraena pinguis, Siganus fuscescens and Leiognathus nuchalis were dominant in the inshore waters, and S. niphonius, P. echinogaster, Hyporhamphus sajori, S. japonicus and T. lepturus continued to occur from summer in the offshore waters but total catch decreased, indicating the typical seasonal variation pattern of the temperate region. Most of catchable fishes by a set net were the pelagic species showing a significant temporal variation. Collection and analysis of daily catch data by large set nets can be used to determine seasonal variation in species composition of pelagic fish in a study area.