• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권spc1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2013

Objectives : Hwabyung Research Center of The Korean Society Of Oriental Neuropsychiatry has attempted to develop 'Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Hwabyung' based on the clinical study on the theory of oriental medicine and phenomenological approach. The purpose of this guideline is to establish the basic clinical principles and improve the clinical convenience. Methods : Hwabyung Research Center constructed a committee of experts and advisory group. We extracted the core questions, collected the existing data and evaluated them. Simultaneously, we conducted studies on the major topics. Results : We selected and made suitable tools for the assessment and evaluation. We discovered evidences from clinical studies and developed the standard clinical principles. Conclusions : 'Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Hwabyung' is expected to be useful at the primary medical clinics of oriental medicine.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권spc1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

Objectives : The Hwabyung Research Center of The Korean Society Of Oriental Neuropsychiatry has attempted to develop the 'Clinical Guidelines for Hwabyung'. Methods : The Hwabyung Research Center constructed a committee of experts and advisory group. Relevant literature was collected and evaluated in order to discover effective oriental psychotherapy as well as the management of Hwabyung. Results : We found some evidences that proved the effectiveness of oriental psychotherapy in the treatment of Hwabyung. The principles of management were also reviewed. Conclusions : Psychotherapy and management for Hwabyung were studies. We hope that the 'Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Hwabyung' is helpful for both oriental medical doctors and patients.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권spc1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this guideline is to show the evidence-based guidelines of diagnosis and evaluation of Hwabyung by the synthesis and organization of existing research contents. Methods : We investigated the existing research on the concept of Hwabyung. Further, we investigated the diagnostic tools, self-diagnostic method, symptoms assessment tools, oriental medical diagnostic methods, treatment evaluation tools and other testing methods of Hwabyung. Results : There was a Hwabyung diagnostic interview schedule (HIBDS) in the standardized measure for the diagnosis of Hwabyung. In the symptoms assessment tools of Hwabyung, there was a self-report measurement tool of Hwabyung and measurement tool of Hwabyung to be evaluated by the interviewer. In the oriental medical diagnostic method, there was an instrument of pattern identification for Hwabyung. In the treatment assessment tool, there was an instrument of oriental medical evaluation for Hwabyung. In addition, MMPI, SCL-90R, Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Zung's self-rating depression scale (SDS), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) and etc. can be used for the diagnosis and assessment of Hwabyung. Conclusions : We expect 'Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Hwabyung' to be useful for the diagnosis and assessment of Hwabyung.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권spc1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Objectives : The Hwabyung Research Center of The Korean Society Of Oriental Neuropsychiatry attempted to produce clinical guidelines for doctors of Korean medicine for the treatment of Hwabyung. Methods : A standard guideline development process was followed. Relevant literature was identified by a review of bibliographies. The operational criteria were used to rate the quality of scientific evidence, and the line of treatment recommendations included a consensus clinical opinion. This section of "the status of Hwabyung in Korea" is 2 out of 5 articles drafted and reviewed by clinicians. Results : Hwabyung is changed depending on the time and have a risk of relapse. Like the previous studies, Female and lower socio-economic and educational level people suffers Hwabyung frequently. But recently number of Male Hwabyung patients increases. Recovery of Hwabyung is involved in depression, anxiety, stress. Hwabyung is related to Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder and diseases of the digestive system. Conclusions : This study was observed for the progression of Hwabyung. Hwabyung is a long-term disease associated with depression, anxiety and stress. Hwabyung is accompanied by physical and psychological symptoms and degrades the quality of life.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권spc1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2013

Objectives : The Hwabyung Research Center of The Korean Society Of Oriental Neuropsychiatry has attempted to develop the 'Clinical Guidelines for Hwabyung'. Methods : The Hwabyung Research Center constructed a committee of experts and advisory group. Relevant literature was collected and evaluated in order to find out effective Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), acupuncture and moxibustion, and cupping of Hwabyung. Results : We found some evidences that proved the effectiveness of Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), acupuncture and moxibustion, and cupping in the treatment of Hwabyung. 1) We recommend Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), acupuncture and moxibustion, cupping, psychotherapy and management, other therapeutic approaches and education for Hwabyung. 2) Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine) should be determined according to the pattern identification of Korean medicine. Further, the prescription should be cost-effective, safe and have no side effects. Also, the interaction between Herbal and Western drugs should be considered carefully. 3) There are general acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, Pharmacopuncture, Sa-am acupuncture as well as acupuncture treatments for Hwabyung. 4) Moxibustion and cupping are useful, relieving various somatic symptoms of Hwabyung. Conclusions : Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Cupping for Hwabyung were studied. We hope that the 'Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Hwabyung' are helpful for oriental medical doctors and patients.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2016

Research Methods: This research analyzed the data on those aged 20 and older from the Report on Korean Medicine Usage Research, which was conducted in 2011. The definitions of toxicity were defined by the presence of toxicity listed in the survey. The questions used in analysis were sex, age, household income, health insurance, medical fees, satisfaction rates on treatments, as well as the types of diseases and the presence of toxicity from treatments. The analysis was done through frequency analysis using SAS 9.2 and Fisher's Exact Test. Results: Toxicity occurred in 2.1% patients out of the 3518 studied. The types of toxicity were skin problems, such as hives and pruritus (34.7%), gastrointestinal problems (20.8%), neurological diseases (4.2%), liver(1.4%), kidney toxicity(1.4%), and others (22.2%). There were no differences in toxicity by sex, age, household income and the types of health insurances. However, toxicity were positively correlated with the increase in standard of education (p=0.0124). In addition, as treatment costs increased (p<0.0001) and satisfaction rates decreased, toxicity increased (p<0.0001). Toxicity increased in patients with low back pain (p=0.0429), hwabyung (p=0.0392), lumbar sprain (p=0.0004), correction body type (p=0.0118), growth (p=0.0045), and from motor accidents (p=0.0448). In logistic regression analysis, Toxicity were positively correlated with medical fees, and cancer treatment and negatively correlated with satisfaction rate on treatments. Conclusion: The toxicity that occurred in outpatients who used Korean medical clinics mostly happened in skin, digestive organs, nerves, livers, and kidneys toxicity. The occurrences differed by the Educational lengths, expensive costs of treatments, low satisfaction rates of the treatments, and cancer.