• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1164-1169
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• 2001

A five-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic chromium from different sources on growth performance, immune response and serum parameters of weaned pigs. One hundred and eighty Tianjin white pigs weaned at $35{\pm}1$ days of age, were allotted to three treatments with six replicates and10 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed corn-soybean-whey-fishmeal basal diets with either no supplemental Cr, $200{\mu}g/kg$ Cr as chromium picolinate (CrPi), or $200{\mu}g/kg$ Cr as chromium yeast (Cr-yeast). To assess humoral immune response, all pigs were immunized with swine fever virus on day 21 and two pigs from each pen were immunized with pure albumin on day 14. Cell-mediated immunity was measured by determining the double skinfold thickness (DST) of two pigs from each pen before and 24h after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on day 28. The results indicated that: (1) diets with Cr-yeast increased average daily gain (ADG, p<0.05) and tended to increase average daily feed intake (ADFI, p<0.10). Diets with CrPi did not increase ADG and ADFI (p>0.05). (2) Dietary CrPi or Cr-yeast supplementation did not affect blood urea nitrogen, glucose, or cholesterol (p>0.05), but blood urea nitrogen in CrPi and Cr-yeast supplemented groups and blood glucose in the Cr-yeast supplemented group were significantly influenced by sampling days (p<0.05). (3) Serum proteins (TP, ALB, and GLB) were influenced by sampling days (p<0.05), but not by dietary Cr treatment (p>0.10). (4) There were no significant differences among treatments in the titers of albumin antibody and swine fever virus antibody (p>0.05) or DST before and after PHA stimulation (p>0.05), indicating that organic chromium has no significant effect on the immune function of weaning pigs. Therefore, these results agree with other research that the effects of supplemental Cr are variable in weanling pigs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.408-412
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• 2004

For the evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of Korean Oldenlandiae Herb (OH) and Radix (OR), our experiment was performed with methanol extracts of Korean Oldenlandiae Herba and Radix. After administration of methanol extracts of Korean OH and OR for 7 days, Balb/C mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells. Four days later, splenic leukocytes were isolated and immunological experiments were performed. Rosette forming cells and plaque forming cells were significantly increased in Korean OH and OR treated mice compared with PBS treated control. Korean OH and OR also enhanced T and B lymphocytes, macrophage and natural killer cells by flowcytometric analysis. LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 levels were increased by OH and OR compared with untreated control. These results suggest that Korean OH and OR have immunomodulatory activity through regulation of cell-mediated immune and humoral immune response.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.524-531
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted to standardize in ovo injection of amino acids (AA) and to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of limiting AA(s) on pre and post hatch growth performance, immune response and development of digestive organs. Combinations of essential and non-essential amino acids (Lys+Arg, Lys+Met+Cys, Thr+Gly+Ser, Ile+Leu+Val and Gly+Pro) were injected into 50 eggs in each treatment group at 14 d of embryonic age. Standardization of injection site, needle length and embryonic age revealed that when AA were injected in to the broad end of the egg with a 11 mm needle and at the narrow end with a 24 mm needle both at the 7$^{th}$ and 14$^{th}$ d of incubation there was poor hatchability. However, better hatchability was recorded when the AA were injected in the narrow end of the egg with a 11 mm needle and in the broad end with a 24 mm needle on the 14$^{th}$ d of incubation. The chick to egg weight ratio was higher (p<0.018) when AA were injected on the 14$^{th}$ d of incubation. When a combination of amino acids were injected a 63.6 or 63.2 g difference in body weight of bird at 21 d was recorded between uninjected control and Ile+Leu+Val or Gly+Pro group, respectively. Higher feed intake (p<0.047) was recorded in the AA injected groups and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was numerically better in Gly+Pro, Lys+Met+Cys AA injected groups than in the uninjected control. Significantly higher immune response to cell mediated (p<0.033) and humoral (p<0.002) immunity was observed in in ovo amino acid injected birds, especially in Lys+Met+Cys, Thr+Gly+Ser or Ile+leu+Val groups. The digestive organ weights at 21 d did not differ between specific AA injected groups and the uninjected control. In ovo injected amino acids may act as immunomodulators and their role in gastrointestinal development needs further research.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.856-865
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• 2012

We describe the construction and immunobiological properties of a novel whooping cough vaccine candidate, in which the aroQ gene, encoding 3-dehydroquinase, was deleted by insertional inactivation using the kanamycin resistance gene cassette and allelic exchange using a Bordetella suicide vector. The aroQ B. pertussis mutant required supplementation of media to grow but failed to grow on an unsupplemented medium. The aroQ B. pertussis mutant was undetectable in the trachea and lungs of mice at days 6 and 12 post-infection, respectively. Antigen-specific antibody isotypes IgG1 and IgG2a, were produced, and cell-mediated immunity [CMI], using interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma as indirect indicators, was induced in mice vaccinated with the aroQ B. pertussis vaccine candidate, which were substantially enhanced upon second exposure to virulent B. pertussis. Interleukin-12 was also produced in the aroQ B. pertussis-vaccinated mice. On the other hand, neither IgG2a nor CMI-indicator cytokines were produced in DTaP-vaccinated mice, although the CMI-indicator cytokines became detectable post-challenge with virulent B. pertussis. Intranasal immunization with one dose of the aroQ B. pertussis mutant protected vaccinated mice against an intranasal challenge infection, with no pathogen being detected in the lungs of immunized mice by day 7 post-challenge. B. pertussis aroQ thus constitutes a safe, non-reverting, metabolite-deficient vaccine candidate that induces both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses with potential for use as a single-dose vaccine in adolescents and adults, in the first instance, with a view to disrupting the transmission cycle of whooping cough to infants and the community.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.221-246
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• 1998

The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of Chungsimbohyeltang through investigation about viability of tumor cell by MTT assay, survival period of mice transplanted with L-1210 cells, growth inhibition on the tumor cell, body weight variation in mice transplanted with sarcoma-180 cells and its immunomodulatory effects through the investigation on delayed type hyper-sensitivity, the hemagglutinin and hemolysin titers for humoral immune response, the appearance of rosette forming cells for cell-mediated immune response, the natural killer cell activity, the transformation of lymphocyte, the productivity of Interleukin-2 and phagocytic index K was performed in immune-depressed ICR mice induced by methotrexate treatments. The results were as follows ; 1. $IC_{50}$ of Chungsimbohyeltang treated group was 5.85mg/ml in SNU-C4 cell, 1.38mg/ml in SNU-396 cell, 0.21mg/ml in SNU-1 cell, so it had low anti-tumor activity. 2. The both groups of Chungsimbohyeltang extract 10mg/kg and Chungsimbohyeltang extract 20mg/kg had no toxicity and the group of Chungsimbohyeltang 20mg/kg which was shown 120% in ILS had the effect of life prolongation in mice transplanted with L-1210 cells. 3. In the growth inhibition on the tumor cells, only the group of Chungsimbohyeltang extract 20mg/kg was noted and in the weight variation in mice transplanted with sarcoma-180 cells, both groups of Chungsimbohyeltang extract had a significant effect. 4. In the delayed type hypersensitivity and appearance of rosette forming cells, both groups of Chungsimbohyeltang extract didn't have any significant effect. 5. The hemagglutinin titers was slightly increased with no significance, and the hemolysin titers was significantly increased in the only group of Chungsimbohyeltang extract 20mg/kg. 6. The natural killer cell activity of the Chungsimbohyeltang extract groups was significantly increased in the ratio of 100:1 of effector and target cells, but it was not significantly increased in the ratio of 50:1, 10:1. 7. The transformation of lymphocyte and the productivity of Interleukin-2 were increased significantly and in dose-dependent manner in both group of Chungsimbohyeltang extract. 8. The phagocytic effect of macropage was significantly increased in both groups of Chungsimbohyeltang extract. Considering the results above, we could conclude that Chungsimbohyeltang have an indirect anti-tumor effect through the modulation of immunme response, although it had not toxicity on the tumor cell it self.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.103-125
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• 2002

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the anti-tumor and the immunomodulatory effects of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) against cancer. The in vitro anti-tumor effects were evaluated by MTT assay. The cytotoxicity, extension of survival days, the effect of inhibition solid tumor which was induced sarcoma 180, and the changes of body weight were evaluated for in vivo effects of anti-tumor. To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Jiawei- citaowan(加未慈桃丸), delayed type hypersensitivity, hemagglutinin, hemolysin titers for humoral immune response, rosette forming cells for cell-mediated immune response, natural killer cell activity, proliferation of lymphocyte, productivty of Interleukin-2, and carbon clearance were measured with methotrexate treated mice. The results were as follows; 1. In the case of existence ability of tumor cell, IC50 had an anti-tumor ativity resulted 2.52mg/ml to SNU-C4. 0.41mg/ml to SNU-396, resulted to 0.09mg/mlSNU-1. 2. The groups of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) 10mg/ml, 20mg/kg had no body weight loss. reduction in intake of water and feed, so these had no toxicity. 3. In the case of the effect of extention of existence. the group of 20mg/kg Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated group was showed 250% in ILS. 4. The effect of inhibition solid tumor was significantly decreased in both 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group S. The groups of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) had significant effect of body weight change compared to control group. 6. Delayed type hypersensitivity was not significant in both Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group. 7. Hemagglutinin and Hemolysin titers were significantly increased by dose-dependent. so these results showed that the humoral immume respose was activated. 8. For the effect of rosette formimg cells was not significant in hoth Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group. 9. Natural killer cell activity was significantly increased in both Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group in the ratio of 100: 1, 50: 1 of effector and target cells, but in the ratio of 10:1, the Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups were not significant. 10. The proliferation of lymphocyte and productivty of Interleukin-2 were significantly increased by dose-dependent in both 10mg/ kg, 20mg/ kg of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated groups as compared with control group. 11. In the phagocytic effect, the 20mg/kg of Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) extract treated group showed the increasing effect with significance as compared with control group. According to the results, we can suggest that Jiaweicitaowan(加未慈桃丸) has the antitumor and the immunomodulatory effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2022

Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that invade, survive and proliferate in numerous phagocytic and non-phagocytic cell types, thereby leading to human and animal brucellosis. Outer membrane proteins (Omps) are major immunogenic and protective antigens that are implicated in Brucella virulence. A strain deleted of the omp16 gene has not been obtained which suggests that the Omp16 protein is vital for Brucella survival. Nevertheless, we previously constructed an omp16 conditional deletion strain of Brucella, ∆Omp16. Here, the virulence and immune response elicted by this strain were assessed in a mouse model of infection. Splenomegaly was significantly reduced at two weeks post-infection in ∆Omp16-infected mice compared to infection with the parental strain. The bacterial load in the spleen also was significantly decreased at this post-infection time point in ∆Omp16-infected mice. Histopathological changes in the spleen were observed via hematoxylin-eosin staining and microscopic examination which showed that infection with the ∆Omp16 strain alleviated spleen histopathological alterations compared to mice infected with the parental strain. Moreover, the levels of humoral and cellular immunity were similar in both ∆Omp16-infected mice and parental strain-infected mice. The results overall show that the virulence of ∆Omp16 is attenuated markedly, but that the immune responses mediated by the deletion and parental strains in mice are indistinguishable. The data provide important insights that illuminate the pathogenic strategies adopted by Brucella.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1981

최근(最近) 히스타민이 면역반응(免疫反應)을 조절(調節)함이 구명(究明)되고 있으나 생체내(生體內) 실험(實驗) 특(特)히 마우스에서의 연구보고(硏究報告)를 희소(稀少)하다. 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서는 histamine-2-receptor antagonist($H_2$ 차단제(遮斷劑))인 cimetidine과 히스타민이 마우스의 면양적혈구(緬羊赤血球)(SRBC)에 대(對)한 면역반응(免疫反應)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 실험(實驗)하였다. 마우스를 매일(每日) 14일간(日間) 여러가지 농도(濃度)의 cimetidine 으로 전처리(前處理)하고 여러가지 농도(濃度)의 SRBC($10^6,\;10^7$ 및 $10^8$ 세포(細胞))로 면역(免疫)하고 4일(日) 후(後)에 마우스 족척(足蹠)에 SRBC로 야기주사(惹起注射)하여 Arthus반응(反應)과 지연성과민반응(遲延性過敏反應)(DTH)를 족척종창반응(足蹠腫脹反應)으로 측정(測定)하였으며, 체액성면역반응(體液性免疫反應)은 적혈구응집소가(赤血球凝集素價)를 측정(測定)하였다. 수(數) 종(種) 농도(濃度)($10^{-1}M,\;10^{-3}M$, 및 $10^{-5}M$)의 히스타민을 야기주사(惹起注射)와 동시(同時)에 주사(注射)하여 24시간(時間)-DTH를 측정(測定)하여 히스타민 효과(效果)를 평가(評價)하였다. Cimetidine은 DTH를 항진(亢進)시켰으며 그 항진(亢進)은 250 ${\mu}g$의 cimetidine을 투여(投與)하였을 때 현저(顯著)하였다. 그러나 Arthus 반응(反應)과 혈청항체가(血淸抗體價)는 cimetidine 전처리(前處理) 군(群)과 대조군간(對照群間)에 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었다. 히스타민은 SRBC에 대(對)한 DTH를 투여량-의존성(投與量-依存性) 유형(類型)으로 억제(抑側)하였으며 그 억제(抑制)는 저농도(低濃度)의 항원량(抗原量)($10^6$ 및 $10^7$ SRBC)일때 더 현저(顯著)하였다. 그러나 외인성(外因性) 히스타민은 $10^8$ SRBC로 면역(免疫)하였을 때늘 DTH를 감소(滅少)시키지 않았다. 이상(以上)의 본(本) 실험결과(實驗結果)는 cimetidine이 세포성(細胞性) 면역반응(免疫反應)을 항진(亢進)시키나 체액성(體液性) 면역반응(免疫反應)은 증가(增加)시키지 않으며 내인성(內因性) 및 외인성(外因性) 히스타민 즉시형과민반응(卽時型過敏反應)뿐만 아니라 세포성(細胞性) 면역반응(免疫反應) 조절(調節)에 관여(關與)함을 강력(强力)히 시사(示唆)하는 증거(證據)라고 사료(思料)되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.663-672
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• 2024

The use of nanoparticles as a delivery system for a specific antigen could solve many limitations of mucosal vaccine applications, such as low immunogenicity, or antigen protection and stabilization. In this study, we tested the ability of nasally administered chitosan nanoparticles loaded with glycoprotein B of murine cytomegalovirus to induce an immune response in an animal model. The choice of chitosan nanoparticle type was made by in vitro evaluation of sorption efficiency and antigen release. Three types of chitosan nanoparticles were prepared: crosslinked with tripolyphosphate, coated with hyaluronic acid, and in complex with polycaprolactone. The hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticles by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, stability, loading efficiency, and release kinetics with ovalbumin were evaluated. Balb/c mice were immunized intranasally using the three-dose protocol with nanoparticles, gB, and adjuvants Poly(I:C) and CpG ODN. Subsequently, the humoral and cell-mediated antigen-specific immune response was determined. On the basis of the properties of the tested nanoparticles, the cross-linked nanoparticles were considered optimal for further investigation. The results show that nanoparticles with Poly(I:C) and with gB alone raised IgG antibody levels above the negative control. In the case of mucosal IgA, only gB alone weakly induced the production of IgA antibodies compared to saline-immunized mice. The number of activated cells increased slightly in mice immunized with nanoparticles and gB compared to those immunized with gB alone or to negative control. The results demonstrated that chitosan nanoparticles could have potential in the development of mucosal vaccines.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2014

고스트 백신/LT-B 그룹과 고스트 백신 복합 균주를 각각 구강으로 투여했을 때, 복합고스트백신 그룹은 LT-B와 유사한 면역 보강제로서 역할을 수행할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 독력이 다른 살모넬라 균주와 LT-B을 대체하는 복합 균주 군을 조성하여 intramuscle (IM)로 주사했다. 그 결과, 복합균주 군은 LT-B을 운반하는 pMMP300과 유사한 총 IgG 함량 변화를 보였다. IgG1과 IgG2a는 LT-B 그룹과 유사한 면역 응답을 보였다. 질 sIgA는 LT-B와 약간 차이가 나타났지만, 전반적으로 낮은 면역응답을 보인 반면에, fecal sIgA는 LT-B보다 높은 면역 응답을 보였다. 독력 살모넬라에 대한 보호효과는 대조구보다 30% 높은 수치를 나타내었고, LT-B와 유사한 결과를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 살모넬라 복합균주는 면역보강제 LT-B를 대체할 수 있는 역할을 수행하는 것으로 추정된다.