• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1987

The study was performed to recognize the most preferable spectral chennels for discriminating geological materials using the portable radiometer. The portable radiometer covers the visible and short infrared regions from approximately 0.4 to 2.5 microns which are coincided with Landsat TM, and the rock samples used for the study are pyrophylites, andesites, granite, granodiorite and silicified sedimentary rocks which are collected in Yangsan-Dongrae fault area. The analysis of the rock sample provides a preliminary basis for determining the wavelength regions showing diagnostic spectral features and for discriminating hydrothermal altered rocks from the unaltered rocks. The measurement of spectral of spectral reflectance for the rock samples was carried out in the laboratory which environment condition such as temperature, light sources, and humidity are constant. The analysis of the measured data was based on correlation between the reflectance value of the rock samples, and the follow discriptions are output of the study. 1) Pyrophyllite shows absorption at 0.83 $\mu\textrm{m}$ due to the oxidation of pyrite, and absorption at 2.22 $\mu\textrm{m}$ due to OH. 2) The altered rocks have generally higher reflectance than the unaltered rocks. 3) The ratio mesurement of pyrophyllites shows strong absorption at band 5/6 and band 6/4(in Landsat TM 5/7, 7/4). The ratio 1/5(Landsat TM 1/5) may be useful to discriminate andesite from the granite.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.697-703
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• 2018

Compressive strength is one of the most important engineering properties of concrete, and testing of the compressive strength of concrete specimens is often costly and time consuming. In order to provide the time for concrete form removal, re-shoring to slab, project scheduling and quality control, it is necessary to predict the concrete strength based upon the early strength data. However, concrete compressive strength is affected by many factors, such as quality of raw materials, water cement ratio, ratio of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate, age of concrete, compaction of concrete, temperature, relative humidity and curing of concrete. The concrete compressive strength is a quite nonlinear function that changes depend on the materials used in the concrete and the time. This paper presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for the prediction of concrete compressive strength. The training of fuzzy system was performed by a hybrid method of gradient descent method and least squares algorithm, and the subtractive clustering algorithm (SCA) was utilized for optimizing the number of fuzzy rules. Experimental data on concrete compressive strength in the literature were used to validate and evaluate the performance of the proposed ANFIS model. Further, predictions from three models (the back propagation neural network model, the statistics model, and the ANFIS model) were compared with the experimental data. The results show that the proposed ANFIS model is a feasible, efficient, and accurate tool for predicting the concrete compressive strength.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.289-293
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of duck production in duck housing as a function of the breeding period. The items in duck production distribution included body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and average duck production. All data were based on eight cycles (June and December, 2017; February, June, August, September, and November, 2018; February, 2019) at Farm Site 1 through 7. The most optimal results in the duck production distribution were observed at Site 1 for weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency. This could be explained by the fact that Site 1 was well managed in environmental improvement and sustainability. Based on these data, selective alternatives to improve duck production in duck farms are recommended as follows: first, proper management and recording of litter used as a flooring material are required, and second, continuous management such as temperature, relative humidity and ventilation is needed. Lastly, it is necessary to change duck facilities by introducing environmental management techniques. Furthermore, efforts to improve the overall facilities and management of duck breeding farms through additional field studies are needed in the future.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.219-225
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• 2022

5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Weather (AR5) predicts that recent severe hydrological events will affect the quality of water and increase water pollution. To analyze changes in water quality due to future climate change, input data (precipitation, average temperature, relative humidity, average wind speed, and solar radiation) were compiled into a representative concentration curve (RC), defined using 8.5. AR5 and future use are calculated based on land use. Semi-distributed emission model Calculate emissions for each target period. Meteorological factors affecting water quality (precipitation, temperature, and flow) were input into a multiple linear regression (MLR) model and an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze the data. Extensive experimental studies of flow properties have been carried out. In addition, an Acoustic Doppler Velocity (ADV) device was used to monitor the flow of a large open channel connection in a wastewater treatment plant in Ho Chi Minh City. Observations were made along different streams at different locations and at different depths. Analysis of measurement data shows average speed profile, aspect ratio, vertical position Measure, and ratio the vertical to bottom distance for maximum speed and water depth. This result indicates that the transport effect of the compound was considered when preparing the hazard analysis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2023

The increase in the rearing intensity of pigs has caused deterioration in the pig house's internal environment such as temperature, humidity, ammonia gas, and so on. Traditionally, the widely used method to control the internal environment was through the manipulation of the ventilation system. However, the conventional ventilation system had a limitation to control the internal environment, prevent livestock disease, save energy, and reduce odor emission. To overcome this problem, the air-recirculated ventilation system was suggested. This system has a semi-closed loop ventilation type. For designing this system, it was essential to evaluate the ventilation rates considering the pressure loss of ducts. Therefore, in this study, pressure loss calculation and experiment were conducted for the quantitative ventilation design of a semi-closed loop system. The results of the experiment showed that the inlet through which external air flows should always be opened. In addition, it was also found that for the optimum design of the semi-closed loop ventilation system, it was appropriate to install a damper or a backflow prevention device rather than a ventilation fan.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2003

The effect of density suppression of Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) against Panonychus citri (McGregor) on citrus tree introduced with some different ratio was investigated. When it was introduced with over 16:1 (Panonychus citri: A. fallacis) ratio, Panonychus citri was suppressed very effectively. And in case of introduced once or two times with 20: 1 ratio when the density of Panonychus citri was reached 0.5 and 1.0 per leaf, the density of A. fallacis was formed highly, but the suppression effect against Panonychus citri was not effective. Also, the density changes of P. citri and A. fallacis on the citrus tree released with 10: 1 ratio (P. citri: A. fallacis) when the density of P. citri was reached about 0.1 per leaf in plastic film house were investigated. In case of released twice at the interval of 10 days, the density of A. fallacis was high and P. citri was suppressed so effectively over two month. On the inside of canopy of the citrus tree planted in plastic film house, the air temperature was much lower than on the outside of canopy, while relative humidity was much higher.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

In this study, Urban Climate Simulation was performed by 3-Dimensional Urban Canopy Model. The characteristics of urban climate were analyzed combining artificial land coverage, building size, heat production from the air conditioning and topographic conditions as physical variables which affects urban climate characteristics. The results are as follows. (1) The aspects of the urban climatal change is derived to be related to the combination of the building coverage ratio, building height and shading area. According to the building height, the highest temperature was increased by $2.1^{\circ}C$ from 2-story to 5-story building and the absolute humidity by 2.1g/kg maximum and the wind velocity by 1.0m/s was decreased from 2-story to 20-story building. (2) Whole heat generation was influenced by the convective sensible heat at the lower building height and by the artificial heat generation at the higher one over 20-story building influence to some extent of the building coverage ratio. The effect of the altitude is not more considerable than the other variables as below $1^{\circ}C$ of the air temperature. In the last, deriving the combination of building coverage and building height is needed to obtain effectiveness of the urban built environment planning at the point of the urban climate. These simulation results need to be constructed as DB which shows urban quantitative thermal characters by the urban physical structure. These can be quantitative base for suggesting combinations of the building and urban planning features at the point of the desirable urban thermal environment as well as analyzing urban climate phenomenon.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.339-349
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• 2015

In this work, DAY (Dealuminated Y-type) zeolites were prepared to be used as easily regenerable and thermally stable adsorbent substituting activated carbon. NaY zeolites were transformed into DAY zeolites through ion exchange, calcination, steaming, and acid leaching. Calcination temperature and time, and steaming time were changed to increase the Si/Al ratio and maintain crystallinity. Adsorption of VOCs were done for prepared DAY, commercial NaY and Hisiv 1000 in air with relative humidity of 50%. The DAY zeolite prepared by calcination at $520^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs and steaming for 7 hrs had a same structure and a Si/Al ratio of 80.4. Its adsorption capacity for water vapor was 10% of NaY, indicating its hydrophobicity. Its adsorption capacity for MEK was 0.8 times of Hisiv 1000, that for toluene 1.6 times, and that for EA 1.3 times.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.32
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• pp.37-52
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• 2011

This study investigates the hardening characteristics of the mixture lacquer and glue at room temperature. Diverse samples were made from manufacturing of glue to the adding ratio in sap of the lacquer tree. After the examination of moisture content of samples, it has been seen that there is no relation with glue's kinds or adding ratio, but only with contain level of moisture. The samples made with film shape in order to examine the drying time. Samples with isinglass needed for over three days and had smooth surface. However, samples mixed with animal glue dried within a day and had ripples on the surface because of fast drying rate. In addition, the samples with isinglass had slow change of colour in early step of drying and no colour difference after completely drying although it had significant changes to black oxide as soon as contact with air. In structural analysis with FT-IR showed that the carbonyl bond increased in the samples of mixed with glue, compared to raw lacquer and treated lacquer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.820-826
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between temperature-humidity index (THI), season, and conception rate (CR) of Holstein cows in central Taiwan. Methods: The mean performance and number of observations were statistically evaluated for various parameters, including age at first service, number of days open, gestation length, CR, and calving interval for different parities. Results: The results indicate that the mean age at first service was 493.2 days; the gestation length was similar across all cows of different parities, ranging from 275.1 to 280.7 days. The overall CR of all inseminations was significantly lower in multiparous cows ($47.26%{\pm}0.22%$) than in heifers ($57.14%{\pm}0.11%$) (p<0.05). At THI>72 and during the hot season (from June to November), CRs for multiparous cows were significantly reduced compared to that for heifers, while the ratio remained unchanged among heifers for all seasons. Conclusion: To achieve a high CR, lactating cows should be bred in winter and spring (from December to May) from the start of the seasonal breeding program, whereas the heifer should be allowed to breed in summer and fall under the subtropical climate in Taiwan.