• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2001

Entomopathogenic fungus of Cordyceps militaris is famous of its medicinal efficacies. An antitumor compound was purified from the n-hexane extract of artificially cultivated fruiting bodies of C. militaris and identified as ergosterol peroxide $(5{\alpha},\;8{\alpha}-epidioxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-6,22-dien-3{\beta}-o1,\; C_{28}H_{44}O_3)$ mainly by $^1H\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$ spectroscopic techniques. When the antitumor activity of ergosterol peroxide was measured against 3 tumor cell lines from Korean cancer patients, it showed the most strong activity against gastric cancer SNU-l cell line 3 days after treatment. The 50% inhibitory concentrations $(IC_{50})$ of ergosterol peroxide 6 days after treatment were $75.8{\mu}g/ml$ for human gastric SNU-1 tumor cell line, $39.7{\mu}g/ml$ for human colorectal SNU-C4 tumor cell line and $32.7{\mu}g/ml$ for human hepatoma SNU-354 cell line.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2002

This study was designed to research the anti-tumor effect of omija (methanol extract(I), malic acid & ethanol extract(II), and water extract (III)) on human liver cancer cell line SNU-398. MTT assay was used in vitro. The longer th\ulcorner exposure time and the higher the concentration of Omija extract, the stronger the anti-tumor effect. When the concentration of (II) was 1,600 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and the exposure time reached 96 hours, The strongest propagation inhibition effect occurred with the viability rate as low as 5.06%. $IC_{50}$/ value was 363 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. Under the condition of 1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and 96 hours, (I) lowered the rate to 7.75%. $IC_{50}$/ value was 489 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. When it was 1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and 72 hours, (III) the rate decreased to 15.97%. $IC_{50}$/ value was 703 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. In all three cases, the viability of the cancer cell decreased significantly when the exposure time ranged between 24 and 48 hours.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 2005

Chelidonii Herba (Baekgulchae in Korean: CHE), a commonly used herb in Korea, Japan and China, is widely used in the treatment of stomach cancer, jaundice, gastric ulcer, edema and pain of stomach. In the present study, we demonstrated that CHE induces apoptosis in AGS cells, human stomach adenocarcinoma cell line. One of the most important recent advances in cancer research is the recognition that apoptosis plays a major role in both tumor formation and treatment response, In this study, CHE caused a decrease of viability in AGC cells. When AGS cells were treated with CHE, cells showed dose-dependent manner apoptotic cell death. Increased apoptotic cell death, exposured to CHE, resulted from induction of Bad translocation to mitochondria, cytochrome-c release from mitochondria to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, 8, 9, and PARP cleavage. These results suggest that CHE may be potential therapeutic approach in the clinical management of stomach adenocarcinoma.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.524-528
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• 1999

cis-Annonacin (1) and the mixture of (2,4)-cis-and trans-isoannonacins (2 and 3), three known mono-tetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins, have been isolated form the seeds of Annona cherimolia by the use of the brine shrimp lethality test (BST) for bioactivity directed fractionation. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic and chemical methods. 1 showed potent cytotoxicities in the brine shrimp lethality test (BST) and among six human solid tumor cell lines with notable selectivity for the pancreatic cell line (PaCa-2) at about 1,000 times the potency of adriamycin. The mixture of 2 and 3 is over 10,000 times cytotoxic as adriamycin in the pancreatic cell line (PaCa-2). All of the compounds are about 10 to 100 times as cytotoxic as adriamycin in the prostate cell line (PC-3).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2011

Human NK cells, identified 30 years ago based on their ability to spontaneously kill tumor cells, constitute a subset of lymphocytes, which play an important role in the first line of immune defense and the effective function of these cells are enhanced by cytokines. Lung carcinoma has been one of the most commonly diagonosed cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer death in male. Here we provide the evidence that human natural killer cells has inhibitory effects on tumor growth of human lung cancer cell NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer). Enriched NK cell population was obtained by 2 weeks cultivation in interleukin-2(IL-2)-containing medium. The resulting population comprised 26% CD3$^+$ cells, 9% CD3$^+$CD4$^+$ cells, 16% CD3$^+$CD8$^+$ cells, 76% CD56$^+$ cells, 6% CD3$^+$CD56$^+$ cells and 70% CD3$^-$CD56$^+$ cells. Activated NK cells at doese of 2.5, 5, and 10 million cells per mouse inhibited 2%, 12% and 45% of NCI-H460-induced tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft assays, repectively. This result suggests that NK cell-based immunotherapy may be used as an adoptive immunotherapy for lung cancer patients.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 2015

The novelty of this study resides in a 6"-wafer-level microfabrication protocol for a microdevice with a fluidic control system for the separation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from human whole blood cells. The microdevice utilizes a lateral magnetophoresis method based on immunomagnetic nanobeads with anti-epithelial cell adhesive molecule antibodies that selectively bind to epithelial cancer cells. The device consists of a top polydimethylsiloxane substrate for microfluidic control and a bottom substrate for lateral magnetophoretic force generation with embedded v-shaped soft magnetic microwires. The microdevice can isolate about 93% of the spiked cancer cells (MCF-7, a breast cancer cell line) at a flow rate of 40/100 mL/min with respect to a whole human blood/buffer solution. For all isolation, it takes only 10 min to process 400 mL of whole human blood. The fabrication method is sufficiently simple and easy, allowing the microdevice to be a mass-producible clinical tool for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized medicine.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2005

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands has a protracted clinical course with perineural invasion, delayed onset of hematogenous metastasis, and poor responses to classical cytotoxic chemotherapic agents. Most deaths from salivary ACC are caused by lung metastases that are resistant to conventional therapy. Therefore, knowledge of cellular properties and tumor-host interactions that influence the dissemination of metastatic cells is important for the design of more effective therapy of salivary cancer. I determined in vitro expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream effectors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 on a human salivary ACC cell line (ACC2). I also evaluated the expression of EGF and VEGF signaling molecules and metastasis-related proteins on human salivary ACC cells orthotopically growing in nude mice. In Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses, EGFR and VEGFR-2 were presented and phosphorylated in ACC2 cells. In human parotid cancer xenografts in nude mice, EGF and VEGF signaling molecules, IL-8, and MMP-9 were expressed at markedly higher levels than in normal parotid tissues. Moreover, tumor-associated endothelial cells of this orthotopic parotid tumor expressed phosphorylated VEGFR-2 and phosphorylated Akt, which is a cell-survival protein. These data show that those biomarkers can be molecular targets for therapy of salivary ACC, which has a propensity for delayed lung metastasis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2017

Objectives: Study of the mechanisms involved in cancer progression suggests that cyclooxygenase enzymes play an important role in the induction of inflammation, tumor formation, and metastasis of cancer cells. Thus, cyclooxygenase enzymes could be considered for cancer chemotherapy. Among these enzymes, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is associated with liver carcinogenesis. Various COX-2 inhibitors cause growth inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but many of them act in the COX-2 independent mechanism. Thus, the introduction of selective COX-2 inhibitors is necessary to achieve a clear result. The present study was aimed to determine the growth-inhibitory effects of new analogues of chalcone epoxide as selective COX-2 inhibitors on the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Methods: Estimation of both cell growth and the amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production were used to study the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors on the hepatocellular carcinoma cell. Cell growth determination has done by MTT assay in 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, and PGE2 production has estimated by using ELYSA kit in 48 h and 72 h. Results: The results showed growth inhibition of the HepG2 cell line in a concentration and time-dependent manner, as well as a reduction in the formation of PGE2 as a product of COX-2 activity. Among the compounds those analogues with methoxy and hydrogen group showed more inhibitory effect than others. Conclusion: The current in-vitro study indicates that the observed significant growth-inhibitory effect of chalcone-epoxide analogues on the HepG2 cell line may involve COX-dependent mechanisms and the PGE2 pathway parallel to the effect of celecoxib. It can be said that these analogues might be efficient compounds in chemotherapy of COX-2 dependent carcinoma specially preventing and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4571-4576
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanism of triptolide on cultured human endometrial carcinoma HEC-1B cells and corresponding xenograft. Materials and Methods: For in vitro studies, the inhibition effect of proliferation on HEC-1B cell by triptolide was determined by MTT assay; cell cycle and apoptosis of the triptolide-treated and untreated cells were detected by flow cytometry. For in vivo studies, a xenograft tumor model of human endometrial carcinoma was established using HEC-1B cells, then the tumor-bearing mice were treated with high, medium, and low-dose ($8{\mu}g$, $4{\mu}g$ and $2{\mu}g/day$) triptolide or cisplatin at $40{\mu}g/day$ or normal saline as control. The mice were treated for 10-15 days, during which body weight of the mice and volume of the xenograft were weighted. Then expression of Bcl-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was analyzed by SABC immunohistochemistry. Results: Cell growth was significantly inhibited by triptolide as observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope; the results of MTT assay indicated that triptolide inhibits HEC-1B cell proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner; flow cytometry showed that low concentration (5 ng/ml) of triptolide induces cell cycle arrest of HEC-1B cells mainly at S phase, while higher concentration (40 or 80 ng/ml) induced cell cycle arrest of HEC-1B cells mainly at G2/M phase, and apoptosis of the cells was also induced. High-dose triptolide showed a similar tumor-inhibitory effect as cisplatin (-50%); high-dose triptolide significantly inhibited Bcl-2 and VEGF expression in the xenograft model compared to normal saline control (P<0.05). Conclusions: triptolide inhibits HEC-1B cell growth both in vitro and in mouse xenograft model. Cell cycle of the tumor cells was arrested at S and G2/M phase, and the mechanism may involve induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

Saussurea lappa and Taraxacum mongolicum have been used for herbal medicinal treatments against cancers in East Asia. We performed this study to understand the molecular basis underlying the anti-tumor effects of two herbs and analyzed the effects of these medicinal herbs on proliferation and on expression of cell growth/apoptosis related molecules by using an AGS gastric cancer cell line. The treatments of Saussurea lappa dramatically reduced cell viabilities in a dose and time-dependent manner, but Taraxacum mongolicum did not. FACS analysis and Annexin V staining assay also showed that Saussurea lappa induces apoptotic cell death of AGS. Expression analyses via RT-PCR and Western blots revealed that Saussurea lappa increased expression of the p53 and its downstream effector p21/sup Waf1/, and that the both increased expression of apoptosis related Bax and cleavage of active caspase-3 protein. We also confirmed the translocation of Bax to mitochondria Collectively, our data demonstrate that Saussurea lappa induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells, and these effects are correlated with down- and up-regulation of growth-regulating apoptotic and tumor suppressor genes, respectively.