• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.106-124
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• 2022

This study examined whether the social support (emotional support, information support) provided by customers through chatbot service affects the satisfaction of chatbot service felt by customers and whether the satisfaction of chatbot service affects loyalty and intention to continue using chatbot service. In order to confirm the moderating effect of social presence of chatbot service, a total of 300 effective data were obtained by conducting an online survey divided into a group that recognizes social presence highly and a group that recognizes low. As a result of the analysis, the path from emotional support to satisfaction of chatbot service was supported in the group that recognized social presence highly, and the path from emotional support to satisfaction of chatbot service was not supported in the group that recognized social presence low, and the difference was confirmed in the hypothesis path coefficient. This is interpreted as the social presence affecting human emotional response.This study can provide implications for the function of social presence of chatbot service in that it applied information support and emotional support, which are two factors of social support, to chatbot service, and demonstrated the relationship between satisfaction, loyalty, and continuous use according to the degree of social presence of chatbot users.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2013

Objective: This study aimed to investigate important human factors that should be considered when developing ultra-high definition TVs by reviewing measurement methods and main characteristics of ultra-high definition displays. Background: Although much attention has been paid to high-definition displays, there have been few studies for systematically evaluating human factors. Method: In order to determine human factors to be considered in developing human-friendly displays, we reviewed subjective and objective measurement methods to figure out the current limitations and establish a guideline for developing human-centered ultra-high definition TVs. In doing so, pros and cons of both subjective and objective measurement methods for assessing humans factors were discussed and specific aspects of ultra-high definition displays were also investigated in the literature. Results: Hazardous effects such as visually-induced motion sickness, visual fatigue, and mental fatigue in the brain caused by undesirable TV viewing are induced by not only temporal decay of visual function but also cognitive load in processing sophisticated external information. There has been a growing evidence that individual differences in visual and cognitive ability to process external information can make contrary responses after exposing to the same viewing situation. A wide vision, ultra-high definition TVs provide, can has positive and negative influences on viewers depending on their individual characteristics. Conclusion: Integrated measurement methods capable of considering individual differences in human visual system are required to clearly determine potential effects of super-high vision displays with a wide view on humans. All of brainwaves, autonomic responses, eye functions, and psychological responses should be simultaneously examined and correlated. Application: The results obtained in this review are expected to be a guideline for determining optimized viewing factors of ultra-high definition displays and accelerating successful penetration of the next-generation displays into our daily life.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.978-984
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• 2010

This paper examines the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and how it reacts to the presence of mucin in its extracellular milieu. Parameters studied included cell clustering, adhesion to mucin, extracellular protein production, and formation of final metabolites. L. rhamnosus GG was found to grow efficiently in the presence of glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, or mucin (partially purified or purified) as sole carbon sources. However, it was unable to grow using other mucin constituents, such as fucose or glucuronic acid. Mucin induced noticeable changes in all the parameters studied when compared with growth using glucose, including in the formation of cell clusters, which were easily disorganized with trypsin. Mucin increased adhesion of the bacterium, and modulated the production of extracellular proteins. SDS-PAGE revealed that mucin was not degraded during L. rhamnosus GG growth, suggesting that this bacterium is able to partially use the glucidic moiety of glycoprotein. This study goes some way towards developing an understanding of the metabolic and physiological changes that L. rhamnosus GG undergoes within the human gastrointestinal tract.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.364-370
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• 2002

The effect of sodium n-dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on hemoglobin autoxidation was studied in the presence of a 100mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) by different methods. These included spectorphotometry, fluorescence technique, cyclic voltametry, differential scanning calorimetry, and densitometry. Spectroscopic studies showed that SDS concentrations up to 1 mM increased deoxy-, decreases oxy-, and had no significant effect on the met- conformation of hemoglobin. Therefore, a SDS concentration up to 1 mM increased the deoxy form of hemoglobin as the folded, compact state and decreases the oxy conformation. The turbidity measurements and differential scanning calorimetry techniques indicated a more stable conformation for hemoglobin in the presence of SDS up to 1mM. Electrochemical studies also confirmed a more difficult oxidation under these conditions. The induction of the deoxy form in the presence of SDS was confirmed by densitometry techniques. The compact structure of deoxyhemoglobin blocks the formation of met-conformation in low SDS concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 1998

Education is widely recognized one of main sources for growth. This paper attempts to incorporate the general recognition into formal regional growth model. The model structure is largely neoclassical. It produces a single good with the two factors, educated labor and non-educated labor, via a constant return production migrating to the region with the higher real wage. The educated labor in a region is accumulated by two sources, migration and physical education capital, while the non-educated labor is by only migration. The paper shows that regional growth equilibrium is characterized as a saddle point. This indicates the presence of the minimum threshold size that must be overcome before a region may grow. It contrasts sharply with results obtained in regional growth models. The paper suggests that regional growth is determined less by the technical characteristics of regional production function characteristics of regional production function but by the stock combination of educated function but by the stock combination of education labor and non-educated labor. Based on this result, the impact of agglomeration economies on regional growth is explored. It is by phase diagram demonstrated that the presence of agglomeration economies do not always lead a region to growth since there still exists the minimum threshold even in the presence of agglomeration economies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.9B
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• pp.867-875
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• 2009

The reliability of wireless body area networks is an important research issue since it may jeopardize the vital human life, unless managed properly. In this article, a new modeling and analysis of node misbehaviors in wireless body area networks is presented, in the presence of multi-type failures. First, the nodes are classified into types in accordance with routing capability. Then, the node behavior in the presence of failures such as energy exhaustion and/or malicious attacks has been modeled using a novel Semi-Markov process. The proposed model is very useful in analyzing reliability of WBANs in the presence of multi-type failures.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.351-357
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• 2005

Here I describe a multiplex allele specific PCR-based approach for the rapid detection between Hanwoo and Holstein meat associated with Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene. Specific and universal oligonucleotide primers were used in combination to detect the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism within the bovine MC1R DNA sequence. The presence of the bovine MC1R gene is indicated by the production of a single control PCR product, whilst positive samples generate an alternative smaller specific product over the same region. The mutations in MC1R104 codon revealed depending on the presence or absence of an indicative fragment amplified from the wild-type allele of this codon. As little as 0.39 ng and 1.56 ng of genomic DNA of Hanwoo and Holstein could be detected by MAS-PCR assay, respectively. This technique, which is widely used in human genetic screening, provides a reliable and sensitive result that has not been documented for the identification of bovine coat color. The MAS-PCR assay approach was proven to be useful in complementing routine beef DNA analysis for differentiation of these MC1R variants and it would facilitate the screening of deceiving sales of Holstein meat in the butcher shop.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.334-345
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• 2018

Spore-forming Bacillus species are commercially available probiotic formulations for application in humans. They have health benefits and help prevent disease in hosts by combating entero-pathogens and ameliorating antibiotic-associated diarrhea. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of these benefits remain unclear. Here, we report the draft genome of a potential probiotic strain of Bacillus clausii B106. We mapped and compared the probiotic profile of B106 with other reference genomes. The draft genome analysis of B106 revealed the presence of ADI pathway genes, indicating its ability to tolerate acidic pH and bile salts. Genes encoding fibronectin binding proteins, enolase, as well as a gene cluster involved in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides underscored the potential of B106 to adhere to the intestinal epithelium and colonize the human gut. Genes encoding bacteriocins were also detected, indicating the antimicrobial ability of this isolate. The presence of genes encoding vitamins, including Riboflavin, Folate, and Biotin, also indicated the health-promoting ability of B106. Resistance of B106 to multiple antibiotics was evident from the presence of genes encoding resistance to chloramphenicol, ${\beta}$-lactams, Vancomycin, Tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. The findings indicate the significance of B. clausii B106 administration during antibiotic treatment and its potential value as a probiotic strain to replenish the health-promoting and disease-preventing gut flora following antibiotic treatment.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.802-812
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• 2018

Disease discrimination using an electronic nose is achieved by measuring the presence of a specific gas contained in the exhaled breath of patients. Many studies have reported the presence of acetone in the breath of diabetic patients. These studies suggest that acetone can be used as a biomarker of diabetes, enabling diagnoses to be made by measuring acetone levels in exhaled breath. In this study, we perform a chemical sensor array optimization to improve the performance of an electronic nose system using Wilks' lambda, sensor selection based on a principal component (B4), and a stepwise elimination (SE) technique to detect the presence of acetone gas in human breath. By applying five different temperatures to four sensors fabricated from different synthetic materials, a total of 20 sensing combinations are created, and three sensing combinations are selected for the sensor array using optimization techniques. The measurements and analyses of the exhaled breath using the electronic nose system together with the optimized sensor array show that diabetic patients and control groups can be easily differentiated. The results are confirmed using principal component analysis (PCA).

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

This study is about the development of a smart bed control system to be able to detect the human position and body signal on bed. The main control board in the bed control system consists of the human sensing part, motor driving part and MCU. Here, to increase the credibility to check the human presence on bed, the human sensing part is combined with the human position part by membrane sensor and the body-signal detecting part of EMFI sensor. Also, remotely connecting the two detected signal to the application program of the app mode makes it possible to monitor human information on bed. In this paper, the remote function monitoring of the on-bed human information by bluetooth communication will be abe to make it applicable to the technical prevention method of the bed fall and absence accident in hospital and care facilities.