• 생물정신의학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

Objectives Sleep is fundamental to maintaining homeostatic control and has behavioral and psychological effects on humans. To better understand the function and pathophysiology of sleep, specific gene expressions in reference to sleep deprivation have been studied. In this study, we investigated the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after sleep deprivation to better understand the functional consequence of sleep. Methods In eight healthy men, 24 h sleep deprivation was induced. Blood was sampled at 14:00, before and after sleep deprivation. mRNA was isolated and analyzed via microarrays. cDNAs before and after sleep deprivation were coupled to Cy3 or Cy5, respectively, and normalized cDNAs were selected with a ratio greater than two as a significant gene. Results are expressed as mean. Results Among 41174 transcripts, 38852 genes were selected as reliable, and only a small minority (< 1%) of the genes were up-or down-regulated. Total six and eleven genes were selected as significant upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O was most upregulated (6.9-fold), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5-like protein showed the most substantial inhibition (0.06-fold). Conclusions This study showed significant associations between sleep deprivation and the immune system. Acute sleep deprivation affects pathways in proinflammatory cytokines as well as metabolic pathways of glutamate and purine, neurotransmitters related to sleep and wake cycle.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 영장류에서 감염성 면역결핍 증상을 일으키는 type D simian retrovirus (SRV)를 검출하기 위해 SRV env 유전자의 특정 지역을 선정하여 증폭, 검색하는 중합효소 연쇄반응 (PCR)법을 개발하였다. 증폭반응의 대상부위인 SRV env 유전자의 3' 후반부는 서로 다른 3 종류의 SRV subtype 1, 2, 그리고 subtype 3에 걸쳐 높은 보존율을 보이고 있다. 반응 결과, 1차 PCR 만으로 3 종류의 SRV subtypes를 동시에 검출, 증폭하였으며 SRV와 더불어 영장류에서 감염성 면역결핍을 유도하는 주요 바이러스 simian immunodeficiency virus 또는 simian T-Iymphotropic virus type 1에 감염된 영장류의 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)을 비교, 완전한 증폭 특이성이 확인되었고 교차반응으로 인한 위양성반응은 발견되지 않았다. 한편, 위 증폭반응의 검출 민감도 측정을 위해 준정량적 적정 PCR을 수행하였으며 SRV 게놈과 증폭 대상 부위의 분자량을 기준으로 한 본 PCR법의 검출 한계는 단 한번의 증폭과 간단한 ethidium bromide 염색만으로 적어도 $5-7{\times}10^4$ 개의 PBMCs 중 한 개의 감염세포를 검출할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 확인된 신속성과 반응 특이성, 그리고 높은 민감도의 본 PCR 법은 현재 유일한 AIDS 연구모델인 영장류의 SIV 감염 연구 전후에 반드시 필요한 효과적인 SRV 감염검색에서 ELISA법의 위양성에 의한 약점을 보완하고 보다 높은 검출 민감도를 확보함으로써 연구모델 실험의 오류를 최소화하는 데 중요한 역할을 하게 될 것이다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2000

Objective : To analyze the effects of Yukmijihwang-tang, Taeksa-tang, Silbi-um on mesangial cell proliferation, fibronectin synthesis and MHC-class II expression. Methods : Laboratory studies were performed with the method of surface enzyme immunoassays or flow cytometry after addition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) supernatants treated with medications using the cultured human mesangial cells. Results : 1. Silbi-um produces more suppressive effect than control group and hydrocortisone group on the mesangial cell proliferation. In Yukmijihwang-tang, Taeksa-tang and Silbi-um, mesangial cell proliferation significantly decreased than in hydrocortisone group 2. In the 'without fetal bovine serum' study, Yukmijihwang-tang take more suppressive effect than Control group on the fibronectin synthesis. In the 'with fetal bovine serum' study, Yukmijihwang-tang, Taeksa-tang, Silbi-um all have suppressive effect, but it hasn' t any statistical significance. 3. Yukmijihwang-tang, Taeksa-tang, Silbi-um all have a suppressive effect on the MHC-class II expression. Conclusions : Herb medicine generally show a suppressive effect on the suppression of the mesangial cell proliferation, fibronectin synthesis and MHC-class II expression.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2004

02PS15 extracts (BuOH, $H_2O$, and crude extracts) significantly inhibited IL-4 and IL-6 secretion from the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cleas (P<0.05). 02PS15 extracts (BuOH and crude extracts) also significantly inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (P<0.05). Significant reduced levels (P<0.05) of PMA- and A23187-induced IL-8 were observed in the human mast cell line, HMC-1, with O2PS15 extracts (BuOH and crude extracts). 02PS15 extracts (BuOH and crude extract) downregulated the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in the activated HMC-1. These results suggest that O2PS15 has the inhibitory effect of atopic allergic reaction anil this might be useful for clinical application to treat several allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3077-3084
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• 2016

Various beneficial effects have been described for fermented papaya preparation (FPP: SAIDO-PS501) based on its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions. The present study was designed to determine the effects of FPP on carcinogenesis in vivo, and immunomodulatory function in vitro. Mice were injected with RL male 1 cells subcutaneously or 3-methylcholantherene (MCA) intravenously to induce cancer and orally or intraperitoneally treated with FPP solution. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from healthy volunteers and patients with atopic dermatitis, treated with FPP, and subjected to measurement of cytokine production and changes in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cell (Treg) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Administration of FPP suppressed tumor size and the incidence of malignancy. In vitro, treatment of PBMC with FPP induced IL-$1{\beta}$, $TNF{\alpha}$ and $IFN{\gamma}$ production. Moreover, FPP suppressed proliferation of PHA-stimulated Foxp3-expressing Treg. These results suggest that FPP has chemotherapeutic properties.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.326-336
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• 2021

Background: Sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) is critical for the binding and signaling of ligands that mediate inflammation. Extracellular 6-O-endosulfatases regulate posttranslational sulfation levels and patterns of HSPGs. In this study, extracellular 6-O-endosulfatases, sulfatase (Sulf)-1 and Sulf-2, were evaluated for their expression and function in inflammatory cells and tissues. Methods: Harvested human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide, and murine peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β for the evaluation of Sulf-1 and Sulf-2 expression. Sulf expression in inflammatory cells was examined in the human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium by immunofluorescence staining. The antigen presentation and phagocytic activities of macrophages were compared according to the expression state of Sulfs. Sulfs-knockdown macrophages and Sulfs-overexpressing macrophages were generated using small interfering RNAs and pcDNA3.1 plasmids for Sulf-1 and Sulf-2, respectively. Results: Lymphocytes and monocytes showed weak Sulf expression, which remained unaffected by IL-1β. However, peritoneal macrophages showed increased expression of Sulfs upon stimulation with IL-1β. In human RA synovium, two-colored double immunofluorescent staining of Sulfs and CD68 revealed active upregulation of Sulfs in macrophages of inflamed tissues, but not in lymphocytes of lymphoid follicles. Macrophages are professional antigen-presenting cells. The antigen presentation and phagocytic activities of macrophages were dependent on the level of Sulf expression, suppressed in Sulfs-knockdown macrophages, and enhanced in Sulfs-overexpressing macrophages. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that upregulation of Sulfs in macrophages occurs in response to inflammation, and Sulfs actively regulate the antigen presentation and phagocytic activities of macrophages as novel immune regulators.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.631-636
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• 2008

Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus (ADA) have been shown to have various levels of activity such as antioxidant, anticancer, antivirus, and immunostimulatory effects. However, little is known about its mechanism related to the modulation of immune activities. In this study, a water extract of ADA leaves were used to treat human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) to determine the underlying mechanisms for the immunostimulatory effects. To characterize its immunomodulatory activity, the secretion level of various cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Treatment of hPBMC with ADA leaf extract in an in vitro experiment induced various Th1 cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. A significant increase of IL-2, IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$ secretion was observed in the presence of ADA leaf extract. In contrast, Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-6 were suppressed. There was no significant change in IL-10 release. Our results showed an increase in Th1 and a decrease in Th2 cytokine secretion which suggests that ADA may influence the immune response towards a predominance of Th1 cytokines in the immune system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2010

Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been shown to enhance endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in experimental animals; however, little is known about its pharmacological effects on vascular stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was carried out to determine whether KRG has beneficial effects on arterial stiffness, cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP), and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) activity. Twenty patients (mean age, 62.5 years) with stable angina pectoris were given KRG (2.7 g/day) and a placebo alternatively for 10 weeks. Blood biochemical analysis and pulse wave velocity (PWV) recording were performed on day 0 and after the completion of each treatment. ROCK activity was assessed based on the level of phospho-$Thr^{853}$ in the myosin-binding subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase, determined by Western blot analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. KRG significantly decreased the systolic BP, brachial ankle PWV, and heart femoral PWV in the patients (all p<0.05), but did not significantly alter the serum lipid profiles, including triglycerides and total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The ROCK activity tended to decrease (p=0.068) following KRG treatment. The placebo did not significantly alter any of the variables. In conclusion, KRG decreased systolic BP and arterial stiffness, probably via the inhibition of ROCK activity, in patients with CAD, but had a neutral effect on serum lipid profiles. Our data suggest that KRG has a therapeutic effect on CAD.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.150-160
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• 2015

We previously reported that 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) accelerates hematopoiesis and has an improving effect on animal disease models such as sepsis and asthma. The effects of PLAG supplementation on immune modulation were assessed in healthy men and women. The objective was to evaluate the effects of PLAG supplementation on immune regulatory functions such as activities of immune cells and cytokine production. A randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Seventy-five participants were assigned to one of two groups; all participants had an appropriate number of white blood cells on the testing day. The PLAG group (n=27) received oral PLAG supplements and the control group (n=22) received oral soybean oil supplements. IL-4 and IL-6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were lower (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) with PLAG than with soybean oil. However, the production of IL-2 and IFN-$\gamma$ by PBMC was unaltered with PLAG supplementation. The B cell proliferation decreased significantly in the PLAG group compared to the soybean oil control (p<0.05). The intake of PLAG in healthy adults for 4 weeks was deemed safe. These data suggest that PLAG has an immunomodulatory function that inhibits the excessive immune activity of immunological disorders such as atopic and autoimmune diseases. PLAG could improve the condition of these diseases safely as a health food supplement.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

Chaetominine is a quinazoline alkaloid originating from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus CY018. In this study, we showed evidence that chaetominine has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on human leukemia K562 cells and investigated the pathway involved in chaetominine-induced apoptosis in detail. Chaetominine inhibited K562 cell growth, with an $IC_{50}$ value of 35 nM, but showed little inhibitory effect on the growth of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The high apoptosis rates, morphological apoptotic features, and DNA fragmentation caused by chaetominine indicated that the cytotoxicity was partially caused by its pro-apoptotic effect. Under chaetominine treatment, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was upregulated (from 0.3 to 8), which was followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, and stimulation of Apaf-1. Furthermore, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, which are the main executers of the apoptotic process, was observed. These results demonstrated that chaetominine induced cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Chaetominine inhibited K562 cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death through the intrinsic pathway, which suggests that chaetominine might be a promising therapeutic for leukemia.