• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

Objective : Moutan Cortex (the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for inflammation. However, as yet there is no clear explanation of how MC(Moutan Cortex) affects the production of inflammatory cytokine. This study was to determine the effects of Essence extracted MC on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Method : We observed the effect of MC on compound 48/80-induced histamine release of rat peritoneal mast cells and the effect of administering MC on PCA in rat. We measured the amount of inflammatory cytokine production induced by the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore(A23187) in the human mast cell line (HMC-1) incubated with various concentrations of MC. The TNF-$\alpha$ protein levels were analysised by Western blot. The TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 and IL-8 secreted protein levels were measured by the ELISA assay. The TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels were measured by the RT-PCR analysis. NF-$\kappa$B, phospho-I$\kappa$B and MAPKs were exmined by Western blot analysis. The NF-$\kappa$B promoter activity was examined by luciferase assay. Result : 1. Enzyme immunoassay indicated that MC suppressed histamine secretion of rat peritoneal mast cells. 2. In PCA dependent on IgE, MC had anti-allergic effect of the internal surface of rat skin. 3. Western blot indicated that MC decreased TNF-$\alpha$ protein levels. 4. ELISA indicated that MC decreased TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 but MC had no significant effect on IL-8 in HMC-1 cells. 5. RT-PCR indicated that MC decreased TNF-$\alpha$, IL-8 but MC had no significant effect on IL-6 in HMC-l cells. 6. Western blot indicated that MC suppressed the induction of MAPKs, NF-$\kappa$B & phospho-I$\kappa$B activity in HMC-1 cells. 7. Luciferase assay indicated that MC suppressed the PMA plus A23187-induced NF-$\kappa$B promoting activityin HMC-1 cells. Conclusion : In this study, we have found that MC is an inhibitor of NF-$\kappa$B, MAPKs & cytokines on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.503-509
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• 2021

Marine sources as potential treatment options for various diseases have been a subject of growing interest. However, information on the anti-inflammatory mechanism employed by Undaria pinnatifida (UP) remains limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of UP on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory response. To determine the pharmacological mechanism of UP in inflammatory reaction, we evaluated the effects of UP on interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and caspase-1 activation in calcium ionophore A23187 plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated human mast cells-1 (HMC-1). The results showed that UP suppressed IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α production in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, UP significantly attenuated NF-kB/caspase-1 activation in stimulated HMC-1. Collectively, these findings provide experimental evidence that UP may be a useful candidate for the inflammation-related diseases treatment.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.281-293
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• 2024

We previously reported that leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) contained in Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP) play an essential role in interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human mast cell line (HMC-1 cells) via LTB₄ receptor (BLT)-mediated Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Dynamin, a GTPase, has been known to be involved in endocytosis of receptors for signaling of production of cytokine or chemokines. In the present study, we investigated the role of dynamin-mediated BLT1 endocytosis in TvSP-induced IL-8 production. When HMC-1 cells were transfected with BLT1 or BLT2 siRNA, TvSP-induced IL-8 production was significantly inhibited compared with that in cells transfected with control siRNA. In addition, pretreatment of HMC-1 cells with a dynamin inhibitor (Dynasore) reduced IL-8 production induced by TvSP or LTB₄. TvSP- or LTB₄-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB was also attenuated by pretreatment with Dynasore. After exposing HMC-1 cells to TvSP or LTB₄, BLT1 was translocated from the intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane within 30 min. At 60 min after stimulation with TvSP or LTB₄, BLT1 remigrated from the cell surface to intracellular areas. Pretreatment of HMC-1 cells with dynamin-2 siRNA blocked internalization of BLT1 induced by TvSP or LTB₄. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that dynamin-2 strongly interacted with BLT1 60 min after stimulation with TvSP or LTB₄. These results suggest that T. vaginalis-secreted LTB₄ induces IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells via dynamin 2-mediated endocytosis of BLT1 and phosphorylation of NF-κB.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2009

Objective : Lacca Sinic: Exsiccate (LSE) extracted from Rhus vemicitlus Stokes (RVS) has been used traditionally as a remedy for inflammation in Korea, China, and Japan. However, as yet there is no clear explanation of how LSE affects the production of inflammatory cytokines. This study was to determine the effects of LSE on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Method : We measured the amount of inflammatory cytokine production induced by the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore(A231S7) in the human mast cell line (HMC-l) incubated with various concentrations of Laces Sinica Exsiccate (LSE). The $TNF-\alpha$, IL-6 and IL-8 secreted protein levels were measured by the ELISA assay. The $TNF-\alpha$, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels were measured by the RT-PCR analysis. Nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins were examined by Western blot analysis. The NF-${\kappa}B$ promoter activity was examined by a luciferase assay. Result : LSE inhibited the PMA + A231S7-induced $TNF-\alpha$, IL-6, and IL-8 expression and suppressed NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in the stimulated-HMC-1. In addition, LSE inhibited induction of NF-${\kappa}B$ promoter-mediated luciferase activity. Conclusion : In this study, we have found that LSE is an inhibitor of NF-${\kappa}B$ and cytokines on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2007

Objectives : Scutellariae Radix (Hwanggeum in Korean) is the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Scutellariae Radix is well known to be used as a medicine for common cold, upper respiratory infections, and to strengthen and regulate the immune system and anemia etc. Little is understood about the roles of Scutellariae Radix in the cytokine and chemokine secretion by immune cells. This study was designed to find out the effects of Scutellariae Radix on the cytokine and chemokine secretion in human mast cells (HMC-1). Methods : We treated hwanggeum according to consistency on HMC-1 and measured cytokines and chemokines levels using flow cytometry CBA system. Results : In hwanggeum treated group, the expression of interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9, MIG), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and interferon ${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$) were decreased significantly. Conclusion : These results suggest that hwanggeum may support some of immune diseases by means of amiliorating some chemokines or cytokines such as IP-10, MCP-1, MIG, IL-8, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-${\gamma}$.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2017

Sinensetin, a pentamethoxyflavone, is known to exert various pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenesis, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its effects on the human mast cell - 1 (HMC-1) mediated inflammatory mechanism remain unknown. To explore the mediator and cellular inflammatory response of sinensetin, we examined its influence on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus A23187 induced inflammatory mediator production in a human mast cell line. In this study, interleukin (IL)-6 production was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Sinensetin inhibited PMA plus A23187 induced IL-6 production in a dose-dependent manner as well as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-8 mRNA expression. Furthermore, sinensetin inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, suggesting that sinensetin inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by blocking STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, sinensetin was found to inhibit nuclear factor kappa B activation. These findings suggest that sinensetin may be involved in the regulation of mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.549-555
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• 2023

Hijikia fusiforme (HF), a member of brown algae family, exerts various pharmacological effects, including preventing arteriosclerosis and menopausal disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the ameliorative effect of HF on skin inflammation. We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of HF extract to evaluate its potential as a functional materials. The antioxidant activity of HF was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) scavenging and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) scavenging. To determine the pharmacological mechanism of HF in inflammatory reaction, we evaluated the effects of HF on interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in activated- human mast cells (HMC)-1. Results showed that HF had the high DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, and it suppressed IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α production in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, HF significantly ameliorated NF-kB activation in activated-HMC-1. Hence, these results provide evidence that HF's potential for skin inflammation therapy.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.274-284
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• 2009

Background: Swiprosin-1 was identified in human CD8+ lymphocytes, mature B cells and non-lymphonoid tissue. We have recently reported that swiprosin-1 is expressed in mast cells and up-regulated in both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The expression of cytokines and swiprosin-1 were determined by by real time PCR and conventional PCR. Pharmacological inhibitors were treated to investigate potential mechanism of swiprosin-1 in mast cell activation. Actin content was evaluated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Results: The swiprosin-1 augmented PMA/A23187-induced expression of cytokines and release of histamine. However, knock-down of swiprosin-1 showed only a modest effect on PMA/A23187-induced cytokine expression, suggesting that swiprosin-1 has gain-of-function characteristics. Swiprosin-1 was found in microvilli-like membrane protrusions and highly co-localized with F-actin. Importantly, either disruption of actin by cytochalasin B or inhibition of PI3 kinase, an enzyme involved in actin remodeling, by wortmannin blocked cytokine expression only in swiprosin-1-overexpressing cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that swiprosin-1 modulates mast cell activation potentially through actin regulation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.597-603
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• 2015

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes vaginitis and cervicitis in women and asymptomatic urethritis and prostatitis in men. Mast cells have been reported to be predominant in vaginal smears and vaginal walls of patients infected with T. vaginalis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activated by various stimuli, have been shown to regulate the transcriptional activity of various cytokine genes in mast cells. In this study, we investigated whether MAPK is involved in ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation in HMC-1 cells induced by T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP). We found that TvSP induces the activation of MAPK and NADPH oxidase in HMC-1 cells. Stimulation with TvSP induced phosphorylation of MAPK and $p47^{phox}$ in HMC-1 cells. Stimulation with TvSP also induced up-regulation of CD63, a marker for exocytosis, along the surfaces of human mast cells. Pretreatment with MAPK inhibitors strongly inhibited TvSP-induced ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation. Finally, our results suggest that TvSP induces intracellular ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation in HMC-1 via MAPK signaling.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.50-62
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• 2003

Objective: Bee Venom(BV) has been used for various kinds of inflammatory or painful conditions in Oriental Medicine clinics, and there publishes reports on its therapeutic effects and the probable mechanism of those therapeutic effects, where CDs and cytokines plays important role. This study investigated the influences of bee venom on the expressions of CDs and cytokines of HMC cell line Methods: In this study we analysed the expression profile of HMC cell line treated with BV of 10-2ug/ml in relation to that of HMC cell line treated with vehicle by way of CD/cytokine microarray hybridization with 342 genes on it. Results: There were no upregulated genes by more than 3 fold, while there showed some downregulated genes by less than 1/3 fold as follows: colony stimulating factor 2, CD122, IL-7, CD112, TNF-alpha, CD138, CD166, TGFbetaR2, CD42b, CD62L, CD111, interleukin 10 receptor alpha, colony stimulating factor 1(macrophage), CD38 antigen(p45), CD121a, CD33 antigen(gp67), colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, B cell linker protein (SLP65) mRNA, CD94, alanyl(membrane) aminopeptidase, immunoglobulin(CD79A) binding protein 1, CD205, CD241, CD207, CDw121b, integrin alpha L(CD11a), integrin beta 1(CD29), CD91, CD42b. Conclusions: Bee venom treatment induced downregulation of some CDs or cytokines including $TNF-{\alpha}$. IL-1R with its possible implication in an antiinflammatory action of BV. Further research on expression profile changes induced by BV treatment is expected.