• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2012

In this study, the antioxidative effects and inhibitory activities on tyrosinase of Lindera obtusiloba Blume (L. obtusiloba Blume) extracts were investigated. 50 % ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions of L. obtusiloba Blume were used in experiments. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities of ethyl acetate fraction of L. obtusiloba Blume was higher than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol, known as a typical antioxidant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities of extract and fractions of L. obtusiloba Blume on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were similar to L-ascorbic acid, well known as a strong antioxidant. The cellular protective effects of 50 % ethanol extract and ethyl acetate of L. obtusiloba Blume on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were increased in a concentration dependent manner ($1{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$). Ethyl acetate fraction in $10{\mu}g/mL$ concentration showed the most protective effect among extracts (${\tau}_{50}$ = 361.0 min). The inhibitory effects on tyrosinase of ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions were higher than arbutin, known as a whitening agent. These results indicate that L. obtusiloba Blume extracts can be used as antioxidant, and could be applicable to functional cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2007

To develop a new whitening agent for cosmetics from natural products, Pimpinella brachcarpa was selected for its inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. Crude ethanolic extract of P. brachycarpa and its four fractions-hexane, ethyl acetate(EtOAc), butanol and aqueous were evaluated for antioxidative effects and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To elucidate the mechanism of active compounds of P. brachycarpa, we investigated the changes in protein level of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 using Western blotting and the changes in mRNA level of tyrosinase using RT-PCR technique. Following UV irradiation, expression of ET-1 in HaCaT keratinocytes was measured by quantitative enzyme immunoassay(EIA) using human ET-1 antibody. Crude ethanolic extract of P. brachycarpa and its four fractions-hexane, EtOAc, butanol and aqueous had free radical scavenging effect by 87.2, 2.5, 97.2, 80.5, 49.8% at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ and tyrosinase inhibitory effect by 18.3, 15.1, 55.4, 13.1, 0 % at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$. P. brachycarpa EtOAc fraction significantly inhibited melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. Treatment with P. brachycarpa extract for 72 h suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 58 % at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$. Especially, the EtOAc fraction of P. brachycarpa reduced the tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase expression in B16 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1 were markedly reduced by the EtOAc fraction of P. brachycarpa. Moreover, at the concentrations of $12.5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$ of the fraction, the production of UV-induced ET-1 in HaCaT keratinocytes(24 h after 8 $mJ/cm^2$ UVB irradiation) was reduced about 40%(p<0.05). P. brachycarpa could be used as a new natural skin-whitening agent due to the inhibitory effect of on melanin biosynthesis and endothelin-1 expression.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.423-430
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• 2014

In this study, the antioxidative effects for the extracts of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) were investigated. The purple sweet potato was extracted with 70% ethanol and the ethyl acetate fraction was obtained from the extracts. The yields of extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 39.2% and 3.49% per dried powder, respectively. To confirm the antioxidative effects of the extracts, free radical scavenging activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), total antioxidant capacity by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay and the protective effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in erythrocytes were measured. Free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were $90.16{\mu}g/mL$ and $7.69{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction was higher than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($8.98{\mu}g/mL$). Total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) of the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were $5.75{\mu}g/mL$ and $1.92{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The capacity of ethyl acetate fraction was similar to L-ascorbic acid, known as a prominent water soluble antioxidant ($1.50{\mu}g/mL$). The cellular protective effects of the ethyl acetate fractions on the $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes were increased in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$). The ${\tau}_{50}$ value in $5{\mu}g/mL$ was 45.6 min which was higher than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol in all concentrations. These results indicate that the ethyl acetate fraction of purple sweet potato (I. batatas) has the excellent antioxidative capacity and could be applicable to anti-aging cosmeceutical ingredients for skin aging inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.154-160
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• 2005

This study was performed to compare anticancer and immune activities between natural Artemisia capillaris Thunb. extract and tissue cultured plant extract (hairy root, in vitro culture, callus). The inhibitory effect of cancer cell growth, human B cell growth and productivity of cytokines were examined. Furthermore, HPLC analysis was performed to confirm the components. The anticancer activities increased by more than 55% with the cultured callus of Artemisia capillaris T. for four cancer cell lines(Lung carcunoma, Stomach adenocarcinoma, Hepatocillular carcinoma, Breast adenocarcinoma), showing higher effect than natural Artemisia capillaris T. The extracts from hairy root and in vitro culture of Artemisia capillaris T. significantly increased the immune B cell growth. The immune B cell growth effect of natural Artemisia capillaris T. was higher than that of the tissue culture plants such as hairy root, in vitro culture and callus. Both natural and tissue cultured plants showed similar effects on cytokine secretion. The similar peak size was observed between natural Artemisia capillaris T. and cultured callus in HPLC analysis. As a results, the biological activities were not observed the difference between natural Artemisia capillaris T. and cultured callus. Thus, the cultured callus will be altered natural Artemisia capillaris T. in the environmental side and the resources preservative side

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2006

Galactose joined to glucose by a $\beta(1\rightarrow4)$ glycosidic bond makes lactose and this disaccharide is rich in milk. It is known that lacotse is hydrolyzed to each monomeric sugar by either lactase in human or $\beta-galactosidase$ in bacteria. Ingestion of milk by lactase-deficient persons causes a temporary diarrhea and subsequent chronic diarrhea results in colitis with chronic inflammation. We isolated a $\beta-galactosidase$ producing psycrotolerant strain AS-20 from near cattle shed and investigated the growth at various temperature conditions. Whereas Escherichia coli strains did not grow at $10^{\circ}C$, the AS-20 strain could grow well at this low temperature and showed optimal growth at $30^{\circ}C$. The isolated strain was identified as 97% Hafnia alvei by biochemical properties. This strain could ferment glucose, lacotse, maltose, mannitol, xylose, ONPG, rhamanose and L-arabinose, and decarboxylate lysin and ornithine. To confirm the identity of isolated strain we amplified 16S rDNA by PCR and searched similarity of the 1426 bp DNA sequcence with Genbank database. The strain AS-20 showed 99% similarity with Hafnia alvei. The activity of $\beta-galactosidase$ was 1.5 times higher when the cell was grown at 10 or $20^{\circ}C$ than at $30^{\circ}C$. The highest enzyme activity of AS-20 was also much higher than that of E. coli, which was grown at $30^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.487-493
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of Omija (Schizandra chinensis B.) extracted with various solvents (acetone, ethanol, and methanol). The total polyphenol content (TPC) of methanol extract (ME), ethanol extract (EE) and acetone extract (AE) from Omija were 1183.3, 1009.4, and 747.3 mg/100 g (garlic acid equivalents: GAE), respectively. Antioxidant effects of the Omija extracts was measured by DPPH radical-scavenging activity (RSA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The $IC_{50}$ for DPPH RSA was in the order of EE $(1411.1\;{\mu}g/mL)$=AE $(1462.0\;{\mu}g/mL)$>ME $(1585.0\;{\mu}g/mL)$. The $IC_{50}$ for SOD-like activities was the highest in ME $(905.7\;{\mu}g/mL)$=EE $(970.3\;{\mu}g/mL)$>AE $(1579.4\;{\mu}g/mL)$. The antigenotoxic effect of Omija on DNA damage induced by $H_2O_2$ in human leukocytes was evaluated by comet assay. $H_2O_2$ induced DNA damage was effectively protected by all of the Omija extracts. Aectone extract of Omija showed the highest antigenotoxic effect ($IC_{50}$ value of AE is $14.6\;{\mu}g/mL$) followed by EE, and ME (21.4 and $34.4\;{\mu}g/mL$), respectively. As a result, we propose that Omija (Schizandra chinensis B.) can serve as a new natural source enriched with potent antioxidant and antigenotoxic agents.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of strontium on osteoblastic phenotypes of cultured human periostealderived cells. Periosteal tissues were harvested from mandible during surgical extraction of lower impacted third molar. Periosteal-derived cells were introduced into cell culture. After passage 3, the periostealderived cells were further cultured for 28 days in an osteogenic induction DMEM medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, dexamethasone and at a density of $3{\times}10^4$ cells/well in a 6-well plate. In this culture medium, strontium at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 100 ${\mu}g$/mL) was added. The medium was changed every 3 days during the incubation period. We examined the cellular proliferation, histochemical detection and biochemical measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the RT-PCR analysis for ALP and osteocalcin, and von Kossa staining and calcium contents in the periostealderived cells. Cell proliferation was not associated with the addition of strontium in periosteal-derived cells. The ALP activity in the periosteal-derived cells was higher in 5, 10, and 100 ${\mu}g$/ml strontium-treated cells than in untreated cells at day 14 of culture. Among the strontium-treated cells, the ALP activity was appreciably higher in 100 ${\mu}g$/ml strontium-treated cells than in 5 and 10 ${\mu}g$/ml strontium-treated cells. The levels of ALP and osteocalcin mRNA in the periosteal-derived cells was also higher in strontium-treated cells than in untreated cells at day 14 of culture. Their levels were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Von Kossa-positive mineralization nodules were strongly observed in the 1 ${\mu}g$/ml strontium-treated cells at day 21 and 28 of culture. The calcium content in the periosteal-derived cells was also higher in 1 ${\mu}g$/ml strontium-treated cells at day 28 of culture. These results suggest that low concentration of strontium stimulates the osteoblastic phenotypes of more differentiated periosteal-derived cells, whereas high concentration of strontium stimulates the osteoblastic phenotypes of less differentiated periosteal-derived cells. The effects of strontium on osteoblastic phenotypes of periosteal-derived cells appear to be associated with differentiation-extent.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2015

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effect of combined various microgrooves and thermal oxidation on the titanium (Ti) and to evaluate various in vitro responses of human periodontal ligament cells (PLCs). Materials and methods: Grade II titanium disks were fabricated. Microgrooves were applied on titanium discs to have $0/0{{\mu}m}$, $15/3.5{{\mu}m}$, $30/10{{\mu}m}$, and $60/10{{\mu}m}$ of respective width/depth by photolithography. Thermal oxidation was performed on the microgrooves of Ti substrata for 3 h at $700^{\circ}C$ in air. The experiments were divided into 3 groups: control group (ST), thermal oxidation group (ST/TO), and combined microgrooves and thermal oxidation group (Gr15-TO, Gr30-TO, Gr60-TO). Surface characterization was performed by field-emission scanning microscopy. Cell adhesion, osteoblastic differentiation, and mineralization were analyzed using the bromodeoxyurdine (BrdU), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and extracellular calcium deposition assays, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the oneway analysis of variance and Pearson's bivariate correlation analysis (SPSS Version 17.0). Results: In general, the combined microgrooves and thermal oxidation group (Gr15-TO, Gr30-TO, Gr60-TO) showed significantly higher levels compared with the control (ST) or thermal oxidation (ST-TO) groups in the BrdU expression, ALP activity, and extracellular calcium deposition. Gr60-TO group induced highest levels of cell adhesion and osteoblastic differentiation. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, we conclude that the Ti surface treatment using combined microgrooves and thermal oxidation is highly effective in inducing the cell adhesion andosteoblastic differentiation. The propose surface is also expected to be effective in inducing rapid and strong osseointegration of Ti oral implants.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.666-671
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• 2003

Dental caries are the most commonly occurring chronic diseases in the dental field. Because of increasing sugar consumption and extension of average human life, these diseases are widely found all over the world as the most typical cause for a person to lose a tooth. Therefore, the development of more effective, substantial and safe preventive agents against dental caries is strongly required. Streptococcus mutans is known as the causative bacterial playing the most important role informing plaque and it is being noticed as major causative bacteria of dental caries. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Asarum sieboldii Miquel(Aristolochiaceae) extracts on the growth, acid production, adhesion, and insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans). Both methanol and aqueous extracts showed concentration dependent inhibitory activity against the growth and acid production of S. mutans, and produced significant inhibition at the concentration of 100, 1,000 and 2,000 μg/ml compared to the control group(p<0.05 - p<0.01). The extracts markedly inhibited S. mutans adherence to HA treated with saliva, and cell adherence was repressed by more than 50% at the concentration of 10 μg/ml and complete inhibition was observed at the concentration of 2,000 μg/ml. On the activity of glucosyltransferase which synthesizes water insoluble glucan from sucrose, methanol and aqueous extracts showed more than 70% inhibition over the concentration of 1,000 μg/ml. Hence, we conclude that Asarum sieboldii might be a candidate of anticaries agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2010

We investigated the antioxidant effects of hederagenin 3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}3$)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}2$)-a-L-arabinopyranoside (HDL) isolated from root bark of Ulmus davidiana on the activity of enzymes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$), a transition metal, was used as an inducer of oxidative stress, generating hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) via increasing xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. The increased levels of $H_2O_2$, XO, ferritin, and ferritin iron by $CoCl_2$ were diminished effectively by co-treatment with HDL in U2OS cells. Furthermore, decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) by $CoCl_2$ were highly increased by co-treatment with HDL in U2OS cells; however, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) did not change. The increased contents of TBARS related to lipid peroxidation were significantly reduced by HDL in U2OS cells. The concentration of GSH changed in a pattern that went against regulated TBARS by $CoCl_2$ and HDL. We examined the expression of p53, $p21^{CIP1/WAF1}$, and $p27^{KIP1}$ proteins related to oxidative stress and cell cycle regulation. As a result, the expression of $p27^{KIP1}$ modulated by $CoCl_2$ was not changed by HDL. However, the expression of p53 and $p21^{CIP1/WAF}$ increased by $CoCl_2$ was reduced by HDL in U2OS cells. Together with alteration of p53 and $p21^{CIP1/WAF1}$ proteins, the accumulated cells at G1 phase by $CoCl_2$ was decreased by HDL in U2OS cells. Our data suggests that HDL inhibits $CoCl_2$-generated ROS in U2OS cells, providing potentially new antioxidant compounds that are isolated from natural products.