• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.645-651
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• 2005

The purpose of the study was to investigate the thermophisiological responses and subjective wearing comfort for the six lining fabrics of one-piece dress in summer environment. There were significant differences in the microclimate, the mean skin temperature and the subjective wear comfort for the lining fabrics. The mean skin temperature of rayon and acetate were lower than that of synthetic fiber. The wearing comfort of rayon and acetate were better than that of synthetic fiber. There were clear correlations between the mechanical properties and the subjective wear comfort of lining fabrics. The hygroscopicity and density of textile affected the humidity and tactile sensation of dress, and they were important factors determining the wearing comfort of one-piece dress.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.765-780
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• 2012

This study was investigated the clothing microclimate, subjective sensation for the improvement of traditional koran high school student uniform so called "Saenghwal Hanbok". For the purpose, casual hanbok school summer uniforms were made. They were made of 4 different textiles materials - P/R, P100, P/C, P/R/S for blouses, P/W, P100, P/R, P/W/F for skirts. Then their clothing microclimate, subjective sensation were tested at room temperature $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}10%$ R.H. Clothing Microclimates wearing on the blouses were good matched comfort temperature range. Subjective sensations wearing on the blouses were better than those of traditional koran clothes so called "Hanbok" and quite same for western style clothes. Thermal sensations were indicated some hot condition, and moisture sensations were indicated some wet condition but tactile sensations and comfortable sensations were agreeable. The temperatures of the forehead and the breast wearing on the skirts were indicated the same results with the cases of the blouses. Leg temperatures were some lower than the mean skin temperature, the other parts' temperatures were slightly higher than blouses but the mean skin temperatures were satisfied comfortable ranges. Subjective sensations wearing on the skirts were better than those of the other traditional clothes and even Western clothes. Thermal sensations and moisture sensations were resulted the same with the case of blouses. Currently, P/R material and P/W material seemed to be cool and respectively suitable for blouses and skirts in summer among the materials of modernized Korean traditional costumes and school uniforms, since those materials lowered skin temperature. But better, physiologically pleasant materials for summer clothes should be development in consideration of clothing microclimate and subjective sensation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mount of relief of human solar heat load and thermal comfort in outdoor environment in summer, Six different types of sites, T garden and its neighboring area in Japan, were selected as the experiment sites. The experiments were conducted from 22 to 29 August, 1994 to find the relationship between climatic conditions and human responses, Climatic conditions, subjects's thermal sensation and skin temperature were measured. Radiant heat exchange on the human body was estimated on the basis of the measured air and surface temperature and solar radiation. Thermal index Operative Temperature and New Effective Temperature was modified with the effect of the radiant heat exchange. Human thermal comfort and skin temperature is affected by the solar radiation and the sky factor in an outdoor environment. The effect of tree shade was verified on thermal comfort, The mount of relief of human solar heat load is relation to the existence of shade a solar radiation and the sky factor. The urban garden is one of the effective design element in an urban environmental planning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

In order to analyze the effect of street trees on human thermal sensation(thermal comfort) in summer, microclimatic data were measured and analyzed at sunny and shaded locations of two deciduous broadleaf and three broadleaf evergreen species of street trees. As a result, the mean differences by species in air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were small: $0.2{\sim}1.5^{\circ}C$, 0.9~5.3% and $0.1{\sim}0.5 ms^{-1}$, respectively, but the mean difference in the mean radiant temperature was great, $27.1^{\circ}C$. In the results of physiological equivalent temperature(PET) and universal thermal climate index(UTCI), which are human thermal sensation(thermal comfort) indexes, the shaded locations by the trees showed mean reduction rates of 21.2~31.3% in the PET compared with the sunny location, which are equivalent to 1.5~2.5 levels of thermal perception. Also, 12.7~20.0% in the UTCI was reduced by the trees' shadows, which is equivalent to 1~1.5 levels of heat stress. In addition, although the broadleaf evergreen trees had 5% greater mean reduction in PET than that of the deciduous broadleaf trees, the Zelkova serrata that belonged to the deciduous broadleaf trees showed the equivalent thermal reduction effect as the broadleaf evergreen trees because of the high density of branches and leaves. Therefore, the mean radiant temperature and the density of the crown(branches and leaves) were the main influences in thermal modification by these street trees in summer.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.502-509
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• 2007

This study evaluates thermal comfort by air conditioner temperature raising at the point of time that human body begins to adapt. Thermal comfort according to change of time enters by uncomfortable area gradually at general cold room temperature that magnetic pole is in human body. However, can know that keep continuous thermal comfort in case raise temperature in human body adaptation visual point. Experiments were performed in environmental chamber. Subjects were selected 4 men and 4 women whose life cycle were proved that are similar. The subjects stay in the pretesting room during the 30 minutes and enter the testing room under each experiment conditions. During the experiment, brain wave, electrocardiogram, blood pressure and thermal comfort and sensation responses were measured. In this study, physiological and psychological responses correspond under temperature raising at human body adaptation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.307-317
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to form a calculation formula of the mean skin temperature on the human body in a heated room by the use of floor heating system. Korean traditional floor heating system is a long way from being defunct. The floor heating systems based on hot water have been coming into wide use mainly in the apartment house. However, it is considered that the design process and evaluation method for the floor heating systems in the standpoint of human being are not established so far. In the floor heating systems, air temperature as well as floor temperature should be considered as physical factors which affect the sensation of human body. Furthermore, extremely few studies have been performed on the sitting with legs crossed posture sedentary which is the typical dwelling life style of residents from the ancient times in Korea, while a large number of studies on the influence of the floor heating systems on the human body in standing and sitting on a chair sedentary have been carried out. Especially, it is essential to elucidate how mean skin temperature on the human body is affected by thermal conduction in the contact area between the sitting with legs crossed posture sedentary human body and floor including thermal radiation due to the combination of air temperature and floor temperature, but the studies dealt with such issues have hardly been performed. Based on the above statements, the influence of the environment condition due to the combination of air temperature and floor temperature is discussed in the present investigation through theoretical of mean skin temperature on the human body in the floor heating systems.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.589-595
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• 2015

This study examines how exercise habits affect human thermoregulatory responses. A total of 14 healthy male college students participated in this study as subjects: 8 students who exercised regularly (REG) and 6 students who did not (IREG). First, there were no significant differences between REG and IREG in rectal and mean skin temperatures. Second, the general thermal sensation was "slightly warm" at the equilibrium state and "cool" during body cooling in both groups with no significant differences between the two groups. This implies that exercise habits did not affect the subjective thermal sensation under this study's environmental conditions. Third, there were no significant correlations between the preferred temperature and related variables such as rectal and mean skin temperature changes, oxygen uptake, and the general thermal sensation in REG. However, there were significant correlations between the preferred temperature and the mean skin temperature change (p<0.05) and oxygen uptake(p<0.01) in IREG. In sum, these results suggest weak effects of exercise habits on daily life at the individual level. Therefore, future research should verify this study's results under controlled conditions such as cooling intensity and durations.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thermal resistance of pesticideprotective clothing and to investigate its subjective wear performance. Three different nonwoven fabrics, which provide barrier properties against water and pesticide, were used to manufacture the experimental clothing: spunbonded nonwoven (SB), spunbonded/meltblown/spunbonded nonwoven (SM), and spunlaced nonwoven (SL). The thermal insulation values of the experimental clothing were measured with a thermal manikin, and other wear trials were performed on human subjects in a climate chamber at $28^{\circ}C$, with 70% R.H. and air movement at less than 0.15m/s. Our results found that the thermal resistance was lower in the SB experimental clothing than in the others; that the mean skin temperature of subjects who wore the experimental clothing made with SL was significantly lower than that of subjects who wore the SB and SM clothing; and that the microclimate temperature and humidity with SB were significantly higher than that of the others. Overall, the experimental clothing made with SL was more comfortable than the others in terms of subjective wear sensations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.100-108
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• 2016

The climatic index for tourism(CIT) has recently been advanced, which includes complete human energy balance models such as physiological equivalent temperature(PET) and universal thermal climate index(UTCI). This study investigated human thermal sensation and comfort at Woljung-ri Beach, Jeju, Republic of Korea, in spring and summer 2015 for landscape planning and design in beach areas. Microclimatic data measurements and human thermal sensation/comfort surveys from ISO 10551 were conducted together. There were 869 adults that participated. As a result, perceptual and thermal preference that consider only physiological aspects had high coefficients of determination($r^2$) with PET in linear regression analyses: 92.8% and 87.6%, respectively. However, affective evaluation, personal acceptability and personal tolerance, which consider both physiological and psychological aspects, had low $r^2s$: 60.0%, 21.1% and 46.4%, respectively. However, the correlations between them and PET were all significant at the 0.01 level. The neutral PET range in perceptual for human thermal sensation was $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$, but a PET range less or equal to 20% dissatisfaction, which was recommended by ASHRAE Standard 55, could not be achieved in perceptual. Only PET ranges in affective evaluation and personal tolerance affected by both aspects were qualified for the recommendation as $21{\sim}32^{\circ}C$ and $17{\sim}37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Therefore, the PET range of $21{\sim}32^{\circ}C$ is recommended to be used for the human thermal comfort zone of beach areas in landscape planning and design as well as tourism and recreational planning. PET heat stress level ranges on the beach were $2{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ higher than those in inland urban areas of the Republic of Korea. Also, they were similar to high results of tropical areas such as Taiwan and Nigeria, and higher than those of western and middle Europe and Tel Aviv, Israel.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1087-1092
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• 2009

From the environmental adaptation point of view, the clothing habits made by the thermal sensation and clothing weight of elderly women have changed according to the thermal sensation and health condition. The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for developing healthy and comfortable clothing for elderly women. Clothing weight, thermal sensation, clothing microclimate, resistance to cold and heat of 198 elderly women in Taejeon were surveyed from October 9, 2007 to October 19, 2007. 1. Clothing weight per body surface area was $830.4g/m^2$ of total clothing weight, $242.8g/m^2$ of underwear clothing weight, $617.3g/m^2$ of outerwear clothing weight, $419.8g/m^2$ of upper clothing weight, and $420.4g/m^2$ of lower clothing weight. 2. More than 90% of the respondents replied that they felt comfortable when the temperature inside the clothing was $33.5^{\circ}C$ and humidity inside the clothing was 30.2%. 3. The elderly women were more sensible to cold than to hot, those who felt cold had a tendency to wear heavier clothing. 4. The appeal rate for physical pain of older and lower income people, especially those with an income under 1,000,000 won, was higher than that of others. On the other hand, the lower the subjective economic level, the younger they were, and the more the monthly average income was, the higher the rate of mental pain. 5. The heavier the total clothing weight was, the higher the appeal rate for general pain.