• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.308-318
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• 2009

This study makes clear Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御)'s medical thoughts Yi-philosophically. Yi-philosophy(易學) since ancient times is occupied by fundamental problems of various fields of Oriental Science. Confusian Medicine Reseachers of Zhang Jie-Bin(張介賓), Zhang Nan(章楠), Zhu Zhen-Heng(朱震亨) was seriously affected by Yi-philosophy(易學) and Confucianism(儒學). But I don't think that the majority of their medicine theories are occupied by Yi-philosophy(易學) and Confucianism(儒學). But Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) studied medicine thoughts on the basis of Tu Shu Yi(圖書易) in almost whole medicine theories and clinical contents. Therefore this study researched medical thinkings of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) on Yi-philosophical medical viewpoint Tu Shu Yi(圖書易)-scientifically. Especially in this paper the author examined a characteristic point in medical thoughts of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御), the difference of existing medicine on Nei-Jing(內經) and Yi-medicine of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御), a commonness of medicine principles of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) and Li Ji-Ma(李濟馬)), medicine theories of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) on Tu Shu Yi(圖書易) and a background of Yi-philosophical medical standpoint. The results was summarized as follows; First, Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御)'s standpoint on five phase is that the relation of earth and wood fire metal water is form and use(體用). Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) insists that the earth represents existence itself and wood fire metal water is concepts that represents actual states. Second, the concept of Four-Constitution of Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) and Li Ji-Ma(李濟馬) is same. Third, Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) doesn't have a standpoint of five-phase on Nei-Ching Medicine, but a standpoint of five-phase on Yi-philosophy. Fourth, water, fire, metal, wood is Four-Constitution that middle qi transformed. Fifth, the middle qi is yang-earth and yin-earth of the spleen and stomach, the physiological function of four viscera is maintained by the movement of ascending and descending of yin and yang earth. Sixth, The middle qi is main role of Four-Constitution. Exchanging of water and fire and the movement of ascending and descending of metal and wood depends on the earth. Seventh, generally medicine researchers speak that human mind is a main role of psycho-function of heart, but Huang Yuan-Yu has the standpoint of spleen-stomach oriented seven emotions not human-mind oriented viewpoint. It represents that a existing thinking of heart-earth center is changed to medical viewpoint of spleen-earth center. Eighth, There is enough ground for controversy on where is the middle point of human in five viscera. Is that spleen or heart? Huang Yuan-Yu(黃元御) insists that the spleen and stomach is middle point, but the standpoint in Four-Constitution medicine of Li Ji-Ma(李濟馬) is that middle point is heart.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1141-1146
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• 2003

In order to investigate different and original theories on pathology of eyes from the past main etiology of fire and heat, two texts of Si-sheng-xin-yuan written by Huang Yuan Yu and Eui-gam-jung-ma written by Lee Gyu Jun are selected and analysed in terms of pathology and prescription. Huang explained that diseases of the eyes are usually born of functional disorders of spleen and stomach(脾胃升降失調) accompanied with turbidity change of energy and blood(氣血淸濁變化). In the meantime, Lee described that the diseases are made from disorders of activities of essence, spirit, energy and blood stored in 5 viscera. So following them, the main point of treatment for the diseases of eyes is to restore and clarify the stagnated gastrointestinal(GI) function, or to supply the clear essence and blood to eyes respectively. Also they have same opinions that the fire and heat are the secondary symptoms of the optical diseases. Therefore Huang focused on cleaning the phlegm and leaking the moisture of GI tract to treat those symptoms, and Lee emphasized on nourishing essential energy of kidney and liver on the other hand. Although they preferred to use radical therapy than symptomatic one. But it can be deduced that Huang's theory is more positive and direct therapy and Lee's one is more basic but indirect treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2008.12a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2008.12a
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• pp.238.1-238.1
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• 2008

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2010

This paper presents an extended computing procedure for the global optimization of the triple response system (TRS) where the response functions are nonconvex (nonconcave) quadratics and the input factors satisfy a radial region of interest. The TRS arising from response surface modeling can be approximated using a nonlinear mathematical program involving one primary (objective) function and two secondary (constraints) functions. An optimization algorithm named triple response surface algorithm (TRSALG) is proposed to determine the global optimum for the nondegenerate TRS. In TRSALG, the Lagrange multipliers of target (secondary) functions are computed by using the Hooke-Jeeves search method, and the Lagrange multiplier of the radial constraint is located by using the trust region (TR) method at the same time. To ensure global optimality that can be attained by TRSALG, included is the means for detecting the degenerate case. In the field of numerical optimization, as the family of TR approach always exhibits excellent mathematical properties during optimization steps, thus the proposed algorithm can guarantee the global optimal solution where the optimality conditions are satisfied for the nondegenerate TRS. The computing procedure is illustrated in terms of examples found in the quality literature where the comparison results with a gradient-based method are used to calibrate TRSALG.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.109-152
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• 2001

Throughout this paper, I adjusted the study of 'Qian Yi'(錢乙)'s Medical Thought, and the following is the summary. 1. 'Qian Yi' wrote 'Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue'("小兒藥證直訣", edited by 誾季忠), and there were 'Shang Han Lun Zhi Wei'("傷寒論指微"), 'Ying Ru Lun', however those are loss of the record. 2. Qian Yi's 'Zhi Jue'("直訣") was influenced by 'Lu Xin Jing', yet if we compare the quality of 'Sheng Li, Byeng Li, Bang Jae'(生理, 病理, 方劑), 'Lu Xin Jing' cannot be the foundation of 'Zhi Jue'. He took over 'Nei Jing, Shang Han Lun, Jin Gui Yao Lue, Shen Long Ben Cao Jing, Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang'("內經", "傷寒論", "金?要略", "神膿本草經", "太平聖惠方") and put them together to the direct clinical experiences of pediatrics. 3. There is no reference regarding the difficulties of pediatric diagnosis and diseases in 'Huang Di Nei Jing'("黃帝內經") Before 'Bei Song'(北宋), regardless of the lack of data related to pediatric diseases, 'Qian Yi' established the pediatric system in 'Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue' for the first time. 4. In his diagnosis of the pediatric diseases, he 'Si Zhen He Can'(四診合參), also considered in the eye exam seriously. In addition, he closely combined 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng'(五臟辨證), and diagnosis the pediatric diseases. 5. 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng', what Qian established method was based on 'Zheng Ti Guan'(整體觀) in 'Huang Di Nei Jing'. It was based on clinical experiences and established the perspectives of 'Tian Ren Xiang Ying'(天人相應). First of all, he pinpointed 'Zhu Zheng'(主證) clearly. Secondly, he pinpointed the relationships to symptoms and then, he distinguished a generic character of 'Xu, Shi, Han, Re'(虛, 實, 寒, 熱). Finally, he made an induction from genealogical pediatric physiology. 6. 'Qian Yi' took a serious view of 'Ban Zhen'(斑疹), the inadequate field in those days. At that time, he criticized on the habituation of the misuse of medication. He treated separately which 'Ji Jing'(急驚) as 'Liang Xie'(凉瀉) and 'Man Jing'(慢驚) as 'Wen Bu'(溫補). He proposed 'Cong Gan Zhu Feng, Xin Zhu Jing'(從肝主風, 心主驚) theory and formulated 'Jing Feng'(驚風) theory as well. 7. As an opponent of a tendency to misusage of medicine, 'Qian Yi' made out a prescription with pliant medicine. He emphasized on the treatment to 'Gong Bu Shang Zheng, Bu Bu Zhi Xie, Xiao Bu Jian Shi'(攻不傷正, 補不滯邪, 消補兼施) because he had so lucid demonstration to 'Xu Shi Han Re'(虛實寒熱) of the five viscera in the field of 'Bang Yak'(方藥). 8. There were no pediatrics schools at that time, however, the pediatrics was being made up gradually by 'Jin Yuan Si Da Jia'(金元四大家) who was influenced by 'Qian Yi'. He raised an objection to medical treatment using pliant medicine. 'Qian Yi' applied 'Qu Xia'(驅下) treatment using 'Han Liang'(寒凉) medicine. 'Han Liang Pai'(寒凉派) is greatly influenced by Qian. 'Chen Wen Zhong'(陳文中) had a great impact on 'Han Liang Pai' who used a 'Zao Shu Wen Bu'(燥熟溫補) medicine for treatment. Since 'Song Jin'(宋金), he had a tremendous influence on pediatrics treating patients in both 'Han Wen'(寒溫) ways. 9. 'Qian Yi' had an influence on his medical thoughts on future generations, especially to 'Wan Quan'(萬全) of 'Ming Dai', 'Wu Tang'(吳塘) of 'Qing Dai'(淸代) and 'Yun Shu Jie'(?樹珏) of 'Min Guo'(民國). 'Wan Quan' is an advocate of 'You Yu, Bu Zu Zhi Shuo'(有餘, 不足之說)of 'Xiao Er Wu Zang'(小兒五臟) that he revealed Qian's 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng'(五臟辨證). 'Wu Tang' disclosed Qian's 'Xiao Er Ti Zhi Shuo'(小兒體質說) and 'Xiao Er Ke'(小兒科)'s 'Yong Yao Lun'(用藥論), therefore, he uncovered pediatric physiological characteristics through the advocate of Qian's 'Zang Fu Rou Ruo, Ji Gu Nen Qie, Yi Xu Yi Shi, Yi Han Yi Re' (臟腑柔弱, 肌骨嫩怯, 易虛易實, 易寒易熱). 'Yun Shu Jie' developed intrinsic relationships among time, symptom and 'Tian Ren Xiang Ying Guan'(天人相應觀), What 'Qian Yi' stated about them. And also, he developed Qian's 'Di Huang Wan'(地黃丸), 'Xie Qing Wan'(瀉靑丸), 'Yi Huang San'(益黃散) clinical usages as well. 10. Regarding Qian's 'Wu Zang Xu Shi'(五臟虛實), it has an influence on 'Zhang Yuan Su'(張元素)'s 'Zang Fu Bing Ji Bian Zheng'(臟腑病機辨證). 'Di Huang Wan', 'Xie Qing Wan', 'Xie Xin Tang'(瀉心湯), 'Yi Huang San', 'Xie Huang San'(瀉黃散) are the standard prescription of 'Wu Zang Bu Xie'(五臟補瀉). It is under the influence of Qian's treatment. Besides, 'Qian Yi' took a serious view of 'Xiao Er'(小兒)'s 'Pi Wei'(脾胃). 'Qian Yi' had an impact on 'Li Dong Yuan'(李東垣) one of the member of 'Bu Tu Pai'(補土派). 'Di Huang Wan', which placed great importance on 'Bu Yi Shen Yin'(補益腎陰), had a great impact on 'Da Bu Yin Wan'(大補陰丸) and 'Jin Yuan Si Da Jia' as well. 11. In a theory of Qian's 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng', though it had been stated clearly in 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng', but he neglected in 'Liu Fu Bian Zheng'(六腑辨證). In prescription field, The problem with the medicine is that it is either toxic or mineral, therefore, we are not able to use those medicine in a clinical testing at the present time.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1141-1147
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• 2012

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a class of biodegradable plastics that have great potential applications in the near future. In this study, the micro-biodiversity and productivity of PHA-accumulating bacteria in activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant were investigated. A previously reported primer set and a self-designed primer set (phaCF1BO/phaCR2BO) were both used to amplify the PHA synthase (phaC) gene of isolated colonies. The new primers demonstrated higher sensitivity for phaC, and combining the PCR results of the two primer sets was able to widen the range of detected genera and raise the sensitivity to nearly 90%. Results showed that 85.3% of the identified bacteria were Gram-negative, with Ralstonia as the dominant genus, and 14.7% were Gram-positive. In addition, Zoogloea and Rhizobium contained the highest amounts of intracellular PHA. It is apparent that glucose was a better carbon source than pentone or tryptone for promoting PHA production in Micrococcus. Two different classes, class I and class II, of phaC were detected from alphaproteobacteria, betaproteobacteria, and gammaproteobacteria, indicating the wide diversity of PHA-accumulating bacteria in this particular sampling site. Simultaneous wastewater treatment and PHA production is promising by adopting the high PHA-accumulating bacteria isolated from activated sludge.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1583-1585
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to control proper processing condition of RGB photo resistant in the ink-jet process increasing processing ability by adding additives. The viscosities of modified RGB photo resistant were $10{\sim}14cps$ and the additives could decreased agglomeration and flowing trace of photo resistant effectively. Another way, the adhesion between photo resistant and glass substrate was improved by modifying photo resistant and substrate. The surface tensions of modified photo resistant were same as that of original RGB photo resistant. The additives appeared a better compatibility with photo resistant, and the micelle of photo resistant did not be broken during modified process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.100-103
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• 2003

Higher environmental temperature affects the economic performance of pigs. Heat shock protein 70 has been shown to play an important role in thermoresistance. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of porcine HSP70.2 on growth performance in Taiwanese Duroc. The genotype of this nt 393 polymorphic site could be verified by digestion with Bsa WI restriction enzyme of a PCR product. Pigs with TT and TC genotypes have thinner backfats than those with CC type (p<0.05). The result suggested that the polymorphic Bsa WI site in the 5'flanking region of porcine HSP70.2 may be used as a marker for the early selection of ultrasonic backfat thickness in Duroc pigs.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.660-663
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• 2008

In this study, it was mainly focused on the mechanism and reliability performances of PI/PET composites after many times of curving. We developed a new process of spacer for flexible display to improve the maintenance of cell gap. This new process used the laser carving technology, which is widely applied on printing press, to produce the pattern of spacers and shaped both of the alignment film and spacers simultaneously by press of pattern. Assembling the spacer-shaped film and plastic substrates together well and it shows an excellent performance on the maintenance of cell gap and reliability of curving.