• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2014

Inductive expression of early growth response 1 (Egr-1) in neurons is associated with many forms of neuronal activity. However, only a few Egr-1 target genes are known in the brain. The results of this study demonstrate that Egr-1 knockout (KO) mice display impaired contextual extinction learning and normal fear acquisition relative to wild-type (WT) control animals. Genome-wide microarray experiments revealed 368 differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus of Egr-1 WT exposed to different phases of a fear conditioning paradigm compared to gene expression profiles in the hippocampus of KO mice. Some of genes, such as serotonin receptor 2C (Htr2c), neuropeptide B (Npb), neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), NPY receptor Y1 (Npy1r), fatty acid binding protein 7 (Fabp7), and neuropeptide Y (Npy) are known to regulate processing of fearful memories, and promoter analyses demonstrated that several of these genes contained Egr-1 binding sites. This study provides a useful list of potential Egr-1 target genes which may be regulated during fear memory processing.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2012

본 실험은 CRE 80% 에탄올 추출물을 식이에 0.5%, 1% 혼합하여 5주간 섭취시켰을 때 CRE 추출물이 SHR의 혈압에 미치는 영향을 확인함으로써 CRE 추출물이 고혈압 흰쥐의 지질성분과 혈압에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로써 CRE의 기능성식품으로서의 이용 가능성을 확인하였다. 실험기간 중 실험쥐의 일일평균 체중변화량은 0.5% CRE 보충군(II)은 1.63 g/day로 정상식이 급여군보다 일일평균 체중증가량이 유의적으로 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 간, 신장, 비장의 무게 변화를 측정한 결과 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 혈청 내 포도당 농도 또한 정상식이 급여군에 비해서 0.5%, 1% CRE 추가 보충군이 감소하는 경향은 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험에서 총 cholesterol 함량은 정상식이 급여군보다 0.5%, 1% CRE 보충 급여군에서 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였지만 HTR을 확인한 결과 정상식이 급여군보다 0.5%, 1% CRE 보충 급여군이 각각 11% 증가한 결과를 나타냈기 때문에 혈중 총 cholesterol 함량의 증가는 HDL-cholesterol의 농도 증가에 의한 것으로 생각된다. HDL-cholesterol 농도는 정상식이 급여군과 0.5%, 1% CRE 보충 급여군 모두에서 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. LDL-cholesterol 역시 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈지만 HDL-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol의 증가 비율로 봤을 때 HDL-cholesterol이 정상식이 급여군보다 0.5% CRE 보충 급여군이 15%, 1% CRE 보충급여군이 36.5%로 유의적으로 증가하는 결과를 나타냈다. 실험기간 동안 SHR의 혈압 변화는 정상식이 급여군(I)의 경우 거의 일정하게 혈압이 유지되는 경향을 보이다가 5주차에는 다시 증가한 반면 CRE 0.5% 보충군(II)은 초기혈압에서 떨어지는 경향을 보이다가 2주째에 혈압이 다시 상승했다. 하지만 그 후 다시 감소하는 경향을 보였고, CRE 1% 보충군(III)은 일정하게 혈압이 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 CRE 추출물이 SHR의 혈압을 낮추고 지질대사 개선에 영향을 주어 혈관계 장애로 인해 발병되는 고혈압, 당뇨, 뇌혈관질환, 동맥경화증과 같은 질환을 예방하는 기능성식품으로서 이용 가능성이 기대된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.219-240
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• 2006

Objective : This experimental study was designed to determine the anti-obestic effects of Bangpoongtongsungcankamibang(BTSK). Method : In vitro, BTSK extracts of various concentration (50,100, 200 $200{\mu}g/ml$)were added examination. The protein and mRNA expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ receptor was measured by western blot assay and RT-PCR. In vivo, BTSK extracts of various concentration (100, $200{\mu}g/ml$) were orally administered to induced hyperlipidemic rats by poloxamer-407 for consecutive four weeks and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol were measured. This method applied to induced hyperlipidemic rats by triton WR-1339, too. Obesity induced rats by the high fat-diet for six weeks were orally administered BTSK extracts of various concentration (100, $200{\mu}g/ml$) and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, hydroxy radical, superoxide dismuatse activity were measured. Results : I. In vitro 1. The 3T3-L1 cells' differentiation was significantly decreased by BTSK. 2. expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ was was significantly decreased by BTSK. II. In vitro 1. BTSK significantly reduced serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, contents in poloxamer-407 treated rat. 2. BTSK significantly reduced serum triglyceride, contents in Triton WR-1339 treated rat. But Total cholesterol did not show a significant change. 3. BTSK significantly reduced body weight gain of rat and adipose tissue mass of rats and serum triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, contents and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol, HTR(HDL-cholesterol/Total-cholesterol) in rats with obesity induced by the high fat-diet. 4. BTSK reduced blood lipid peroxide, hydroxy radical and increased superoxied dismuatse(SOD) activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.421-430
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• 2002

사철쑥 (Artemisia capitlaris Thunberg)으로 성인병의 예방목적으로 흰쥐 (Sprague-Dawley rats)의 혈액 및 간지질 대사에 미치는 영향에 대한 효과를 알아보았다. 1) 사료이용효율은 L, LM, LP군에서 높았다 (p < 0.01). 혈청의 콜레스테롤 농도, 동 맥 경화지수 (p <0.01), 중성지질 (p < 0.01)은 L, LM, LP군에서 높았지만, 사철쑥 분말 첨가에 의해 HDL-콜레스테롤과 HTR를 증가시켰다 (p < 0.01). 2) 혈청 및 간 조직의 과산화지질은 C군에 비하여 L군이 유의적으로 많았으며, 사철쑥 첨가시 감소하였다 (p < 0.05). 3) 간 조직의 지방침착은 L군에서 지방양성구의 크기와 분포가 두드러지게 높았고. LM군, LP길군에서는 감소하였다. 이상의 결과는 사철쑥은 혈액 및 간의 지질조성 및 지질 대사에 바람직한 효과를 갖는 것으로 보인다. 이는 사철쑥이 성인병예방에 유용한 기능성 식품으로서 가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2020

Objective: Recently, microRNA (miRNA) has been identified both as a powerful regulator involved in various biological processes through the regulation of numerous genes and as an effective biomarker for the prediction and diagnosis of various disease states. The objective of this study was to identify and validate miRNAs and their target genes involved in inflammation in placental tissue. Methods: Microarrays were utilized to obtain miRNA and gene expression profiles from placentas with or without inflammation obtained from nine normal pregnant women and 10 preterm labor patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blots were performed to validate the miRNAs and differentially-expressed genes in the placentas with inflammation. Correlations between miRNA and target gene expression were confirmed by luciferase assays in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Results: We identified and validated miRNAs and their target genes that were differentially expressed in placentas with inflammation. We also demonstrated that several miRNAs (miR-371a-5p, miR-3065-3p, miR-519b-3p, and miR-373-3p) directly targeted their target genes (LEF1, LOX, ITGB4, and CD44). However, some miRNAs and their direct target genes showed no correlation in tissue samples. Interestingly, miR-373-3p and miR-3065-3p were markedly regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, although the expression of their direct targets CD44 and LOX was not altered by LPS treatment. Conclusion: These results provide candidate miRNAs and their target genes that could be used as placental biomarkers of inflammation. These candidates may be useful for further miRNA-based biomarker development.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.338-343
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• 1998

Artemisia iwayomogi(A. iwayomogi) is a major edible vegetable in Korea. A iwayomogi containing a strong bitter taste, particularly, is known to manifest an effect on cough, abdominal pain, indigestion and bleeding. In this experiment, ethanol extract of A. iwayomogi(50mg/kg body weight) was fed to growing male Sprague-Dawley rats for four weeks in order to examine the lipid lowering effect of A. iwayomogi in the live and serum. High fat diet included 10% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate. The administration of A. iwayomogi extract decreased serum cholesterol compared with the control. At the same time, serum triglyceride(TG) was decreased to 25%. Although atherogenic index and HTR tended to decrease, phospholipid level in the serum was shown to increase by A. iwayomogi administration. At the same token, total liver lipids were decreased to 40%. The group fed both high fat and ethanol extract showed 28% decrease of liver lipids compared with the group fed only high fat diet. On the other hand, HDL cholesteol level of high fat and extract fed group was increased to 30% compared with the non-extract-fed control. Liver TG also was decreased to about 21% in the extract fed groups. Liver phospholipids, particularly, exceeded more than double of the level of high fat control. The above results indicate than A. iwayomogi exert a strong hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effect which may lead to the protection from hypertention, obesity, stroke and many other circulatory diseases.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1436-1444
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• 2013

항산화 활성과 피로회복 기능성이 강화된 흑마늘 함유 음료를 개발하기 위하여 5% 흑마늘 추출물과 1%의 생약재 5종 혼합추출물(상황버섯, 황금, 단삼, 뽕잎, 작약)을 70:30(v/v)의 비로 혼합한 흑마늘 복합물(BHF)을 제조하였다. 흑마늘 복합물은 성인의 1일 섭취량을 고려하여 1일 100 ml 섭취 시(BHF1)와 300 ml 섭취 시(BHF2)를 기준으로 실험쥐의 식이에 5주간 혼합 급이하면서 간헐적 강제운동에 따른 체내 지질 성분 및 항산화 효소 활성을 분석하였다. 흑마늘 복합물의 총 페놀화합물 함량은 BHF2가 BHF1에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 항산화 활성은 총 페놀 함량에 의존적이었다. 혈중 총 단백질 함량은 운동대조군과 흑마늘 복합물 급이군 간에 유의차가 없었으나, 알부민 함량은 Ex-BHF2군이 유의적으로 높았다. AST 및 ALT 활성은 흑마늘 복합물 급이군이 운동대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었다. 혈청 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 HTR 수준은 Ex-BHF2군에서 운동대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었다. 간 조직의 총 지질 함량은 흑마늘 복합물 급이군과 운동 대조군간에 유의차가 없었다. 반면에 중성지방과 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 Ex-BHF2군이 타 실험군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 흑마늘 복합물 급이에 따른 간 조직에서 catalase 활성은 Ex-BHF2군만 유의적으로 증가하였으나, SOD와 GSH-px 활성은 흑마늘 복합물의 농도가 많아짐에 따라 유의적으로 증가되었다. 간헐적인 강제운동을 한 흰쥐에서 흑마늘과 생약재 복합물의 급이는 체내 중성지방과 콜레스테롤 함량을 낮추고, 항산화 효소 활성을 증가시킴으로써 산화적 스트레스에 대한 생체 보호가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.310-323
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• 2023

The k-eigenvalue neutronics/thermal-hydraulics coupling calculation is a key issue for reactor design and analysis. Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method, featured with super-linear convergence rate and high efficiency, has been attracting more and more attention to solve the multi-physics coupling problem. However, it may converge to the high-order eigenmode because of the multiple solutions nature of the k-eigenvalue form of multi-physics coupling issue. Based on our previous work, a modified JFNK with a line search method is proposed in this work, which can find the fundamental eigenmode together with thermal-hydraulics feedback in a wide range of initial values. In detail, the existing modified JFNK method is combined with the line search strategy, so that the intermediate iterative solution can avoid a sudden divergence and be adjusted into a convergence basin smoothly. Two simplified 2-D homogeneous reactor models, a PWR model, and an HTR model, are utilized to evaluate the performance of the newly proposed JFNK method. The results show that the performance of this proposed JFNK is more robust than the existing JFNK-based methods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2013

Large quantities of irradiated graphite waste from graphite-moderated nuclear reactors exist and are expected to increase in the case of High Temperature Reactor (HTR) deployment [1,2]. This situation indicates the need for a graphite waste management strategy. Of greatest concern for long-term disposal of irradiated graphite is carbon-14 ($^{14}C$), with a half-life of 5730 years. Fachinger et al. [2] have demonstrated that thermal treatment of irradiated graphite removes a significant fraction of the $^{14}C$, which tends to be concentrated on the graphite surface. During thermal treatment, graphite surface carbon atoms interact with naturally adsorbed oxygen complexes to create $CO_x$ gases, i.e. "gasify" graphite. The effectiveness of this process is highly dependent on the availability of adsorbed oxygen compounds. The quantity and form of adsorbed oxygen complexes in pre- and post-irradiated graphite were studied using Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in an effort to better understand the gasification process and to apply that understanding to process optimization. Adsorbed oxygen fragments were detected on both irradiated and unirradiated graphite; however, carbon-oxygen bonds were identified only on the irradiated material. This difference is likely due to a large number of carbon active sites associated with the higher lattice disorder resulting from irradiation. Results of XPS analysis also indicated the potential bonding structures of the oxygen fragments removed during surface impingement. Ester- and carboxyl-like structures were predominant among the identified oxygen-containing fragments. The indicated structures are consistent with those characterized by Fanning and Vannice [3] and later incorporated into an oxidation kinetics model by El-Genk and Tournier [4]. Based on the predicted desorption mechanisms of carbon oxides from the identified compounds, it is expected that a majority of the graphite should gasify as carbon monoxide (CO) rather than carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). Therefore, to optimize the efficiency of thermal treatment the graphite should be heated to temperatures above the surface decomposition temperature increasing the evolution of CO [4].

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2011

Asthma is a chronic disease associated with airway constriction due to inflammation caused by eosinophils, mast cells, and T lymphocytes, leading to serious chronic illness in children. The eotaxin gene family has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We hypothesized that the distinctive variations among the four seasons in Korea may affect the expression of eotaxin polymorphisms, especially in children. We examined the possible effects of birth season (spring, March-May; summer, June-August; fall, September-November; and winter, December-February) on the phenotype of asthma in children. All SNP data sets of the eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 genes were collected from 78 asthma patients and 101 controls. Here, we investigated the effects of birth season on the expression of eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 in Korean children. Using the HAPLOTYPE procedure with the HTR method in SAS/Genetics, we showed that children born in spring and summer show significant haplotypes in both the eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 genes. Thus, the expression of polymorphisms in eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 may vary by season.