• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1016-1022
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• 2012

In order to investigate the effects of 70% EtOH extract obtained from Hovenia dulcis Thunberg on enzymes relating reactive oxygen intermediate, cancer-stricken animals induced by DEN (N,N-diethylnitrosamine) were recovered by administering the extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg. It showed that there was no effect on the generation of superoxide radical by the extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg. However, considering the increase of the activity of Cu, Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD in the tested animal class, the extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg could participate directly in removing of superoxides. The experimented-animals treated with the extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg showed an increase in the activity of the enzymes, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, which can eliminate hydrogen peroxide pertained in liver tissue. The extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg seemed to have some factors that accelerate the oxidation. Also, the extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg showed effects on the enzymes relating to the active oxygen toxicity which could be an indicator of aging and body toxicity.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2010

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the highest morbidity and mortality diseases and is a state of increased oxidative stress. This study was carried out to evaluate anti-oxidant activities of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 week-old, were divided into 3 groups at 12hours after STZ induction; Diabetic control group (DW per os DC group), Glibencliamide group (5 mg/kg glibenclimide per os, GLI group) and Hovenia dulcis group (100 mg/kg Hovenia dulcis Thunberg water extract per os HDT group). Normal control group (NC group) was just injected with DW instead of STZ. On day 5, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities of HDT group were significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared with DC group and glutathione peroxidase activities of HDT group was more increased than DC group but there was no significant difference.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.680-687
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 Hovenia dulcis Thunberg (헛개나무)의 80% 메탄올 분획물의 항산화 및 세포 노화 억제활성을 규명하고자 하였다. 헛개나무 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 DPPH라이칼 소거능에서 가장 높은 활성 저해를 보였고 (RC₅₀ = 3.6±0.8 ㎍/ml), 총 페놀(417.2±5.3 mg GAE/ml) 및 총플라보노이드(260.6±27.5 mg QE/ml) 측정에서도 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. HDF 세포에서 노화가 진행됨에 따라 sm22의 발현이 증가되었고(p<0.001), β-갈락토시다아제의 염색양이 증가(p<0.001)되는 것을 확인하였다. 반면, sm22의 증가는 세포 노화가 진행된 세포일수록 증가폭이 감소되는 것이 확인되었고, 초기노화에서 발현이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 헛개나무 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 처리시 HDF세포의 EGF (p<0.01), PDGF-BB (p<0.01), SHH (p<0.05)의 사이토카인이 유의적으로 증가를 보이며, 노화 시 발생된 sm22의 수치를 감소시키는 것을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 헛개나무 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 초기 세포 노화의 작용을 조절할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg (HDT) and HDTmix extracts on the biochemical analysis, histopathology and histomorphometry of liver and kidney in carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ administrated rats. Extract was prepared by autoclave ($121^{\circ}C$, 15 psi, 3 hours) and filtered with nylon cloth and filter paper then freezing dried. In blood chemistry analysis, HDTmix group, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly (p<0.01) decreased compared to the $CCl_4$ group, on 3rd day, respectively. In histologic and histomorphometry analysis, the $CCl_4-related$ hepatopathies and nephropathies were dramatically decreased (3rd, 5th day), and well corresponded to the histopathological changes significantly (p<0.01) decreases of degenerative regions, degenerative cells and glomeruli were detected in liver and kidney with significantly decreases of $CCl_4$ group. HDTmix group, quite similar effects on the liver and kidney were observed compared to that of HDT extracts group but more favorable efficacies were detected especially HDTmix also inhibit the hepatopathies (1 day), in which HDT extract does not showed any inhibit effects.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2011

세포외 기질의 주요 단백질 구성요소들을 가수분해시켜 재편성(turnover)과 재형성(remodeling)에 핵심 역할을 하는 효소가 matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)이다. MMPs 중에서 MMP-2와 MMP-9는 catalytic domain이 fibronectin-like domain에 의해 hemopexin-like domain 부위와 떨어져 있는 점이 다른 MMP들과 다르다. MMP-9 억제제의 개발로 간암전이를 막을 수 있다고 보고되고 있다. Hovenia dulcis Thunberg에서 MMP-9의 활성을 저해하는 물질을 분리 정제하였고, 분리된 물질에 대한 MMP-9의 활성억제 여부를 확인하였다. Ethyl acetate (EA)에 의해 용출 분리된 두개의 화합물(화합물 A, 화합물 B)과 MeOH로 용출 분리된 한 개의 화합물(화합물 C)에서 MMP-9의 활성에 저해를 보였고, $^1H$와 $^{13}C$ NMR, GC-MS 그리고 IR로 이들의 구조를 분석하였다. 화합물 A는 hydroxyl기와 methoxyl기로 치환된 벤젠고리를 함유하는 화합물로 catechine 계열로 추정되었으며, 화합물 B와 C는 hydroxyl기와 methoxyl기로 치환된 벤젠 고리와 분자내 carbonyl기를 갖고 있는 nobiletin 계열의 화합물로 추정되었다. 그리고 화합물 A는 MMP-9 활성을 1.0%농도에서 76% 억제하였으며, 화합물 B는 동일한 농도에서 66% 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 화합물 C는 1.0%농도에서 71% 억제하는 것으로 나타나 화합물 A가 MMP-9의 활성 저해능이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.512-519
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 전통적으로 질병치료와 예방의 목적으로 사용되어온 약용식물 10종을 선정하여 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량과 항산화 효과를 측정하였다. 약용식물의 총 페놀 함량을 측정한 결과 화피 추출물이 320.10 mg/g, 갈근이 153.93 mg/g으로 높게 나타났으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 화피 추출물이 226.25 mg/g, 황금 추출물이 101.98 mg/g으로 높았다. 약용식물 중 가장 높은 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 나타낸 시료는 화피로 $IC_{50}$ $5.39{\mu}g/mL$를 나타냈으며, 그 다음으로 헛개나무($IC_{50}$ $24.87{\mu}g/mL$), 오가피($IC_{50}$ $27.79{\mu}g/mL$) 순으로 높게 나타났다. 아질산 소거 활성 측정결과 헛개나무가 $IC_{50}$ $173.96{\mu}g/mL$, 화피 추출물이 $IC_{50}$ $167.94{\mu}g/mL$로 비슷한 활성을 나타내었다. $Superoxide^-$ 라디칼 소거능과 $ABTS^+$ 라디칼 소거능에서는 화피와 오가피가 유의적으로(p<0.001) 높은 소거능을 보였다. 환원력에 대한 흡광도 값을 측정한 결과는 10종의 약용식물 중에서 화피 추출물이 2.72의 흡광도를 나타내어, 양성대조군인 비타민C의 3.04과 비교해도 크게 뒤떨어지지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과 화피, 헛개나무, 오가피 추출물은 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 높고, 항산화 활성도 높게 나타나 식품첨가물 및 식품보존제 등 기능성 소재로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2007

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of the Korean raisin (Hovenia dulcis Thunb) extracts and polyherbal extracts consisted of 6 types herbal extracts including HDT (HDTmix) on $CCl_4$ induced organ damages. Extracts were prepared by autoclave ($121^{\circ}C$, 15 psi, 3 hours) and filtered with nylon cloth and filter paper then freezing dried. Male Sprague-Dawley rats $(200^{\circ}{\ae}20g)$ were used as experimental groups, which were divided into 5 groups; intact control group (100 mg/kg), $CCl_4$ dosing group (100 mg/kg), $CCl_4$ dosing after HDT extract dosing group (100 mg/kg), $CCl_4$ dosing after HDTmix dosing group (100 mg/kg), Silymarin dosing group (5 mg/kg) after all test articles were orally dosed once a day for 28 days. They were sacrifiled under ether anesthesia. HDT extracts and HDTmix dramatically inhibits the $CCl_4$ intoxicated hepato/nephropathies with immuno-suppress changes on the spleen. They showed more dramatical protective effects on most of specific organs compared to that of Silymarin 5 mg/kg except for hepatoprotective effects in which, quite similar effects were detected. In addition, HDT extracts showed synergic effects with other types of herbal extracts because HDTmix showed more favorable protective effects on the all specific organs showing $CCl_4-related$ histopathological changes compared to HDT extracts.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2016

산업화를 위한 지구자 및 12가지 식물성 원료 추출물의 생리학적 효과를 평가하기 위하여, 만성 에탄올을 투여한 마우스 혈청 내에서의 생리학적 지표 및 간과 뇌 조직 내에서의 산화적 스트레스에 대한 보호효과를 확인하였다. 에탄올을 투여한 마우스의 혈당은 정상 대조군 그룹(NG)과 에탄올 투여 그룹(EG)에서 각각 119.43mg/dL, 305.25mg/dL로 나타났고, 에탄올과 혼합 추출물을 동시에 투여한 그룹(100, 200mg/kg body weight + 25% ethanol 5g/kg body weight, ME100, ME200)에서 각각 272.76mg/dL, 234.60mg/dL로 감소하였다. 혈중 에탄올 함량은 EG에서 4.08mg/dL를 나타내었고 ME100, 200에서 각각 3.85mg/dL, 3.08mg/dL로 감소하였으며, 혈중 아세트알데하이드 함량은 18.72mg/dL에서 각각 15.76mg/dL, 15.16mg/dL로 감소하였다. 또한 ME100, ME200은 혈청 내의 생리학적 지표에서 간 독성 지표인 glutamine pyruvic transaminase(GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)와 신장 독성 지표인 blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatine(CRE), 혈중 total cholesterol(TCHO), triglyceride(TG)의 함량이 유의하게 감소하였다. 뇌 조직에서 에탄올에 의해 acetylcholinesterase(AChE)가 EG(116.10%)에서 NG(100.00%)와 비교하였을 때 증가된 활성을 나타냈으나, ME에서 각각 109.00%와 108.47%로 유의적으로 감소하였다. ME에서 EG에 비해 간과 뇌 조직에서 superoxide dismutase(SOD)의 함량이 증가하였고, oxidized glutathione(GSH)/total GSH 비율과 malondialdehyde(MDA)의 함량이 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 지구자를 포함한 혼합 추출물은 간, 뇌 조직 및 혈액 등에서 만성 에탄올 섭취에 의해 유발된 산화적 스트레스를 효과적으로 보호할 수 있는 제품으로의 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2008

Purpose: Acute toxic hepatitis is a common cause of acute liver failure (ALF). We investigated the causes, clinical manifestation, and outcomes of ALF patients who underwent liver transplantation due to acute toxic hepatitis caused by herbal medicines and preparations. Methods: Between January 1992 and May 2008, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 24 patients who were transplanted due to acute toxic hepatitis caused by herbal medicines and preparations. We applied the RUCAM score to patients with acute toxic hepatitis and assessed the relationship between herbal preparations and liver injury. We studied the patients' medication history, liver function tests, and clinical outcomes. Results: The type of liver injury was divided into three groups: hepatocellular type, 14 patients (58.3%); cholestatic type, 4 patients (16.7%); and mixed type, 6 patients (25%). Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg (3 cases) was the most common cause of acute toxic hepatitis, followed by Acanthopanax senticosus (2 cases), pumpkin juice (2 cases), Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz (2 cases), Hovenia dulcis (1 case), Phellinus linteus (1 case), and Artemisia capillaries (1 case). One year survival after liver transplantation was 76%. Conclusion: We identified the herbal preparations leading to acute liver failure. Many patients consider herbal remedies to be completely free of unwanted side effects. However, we found that many herbal products have biological activities that can lead to severe hepatotoxicity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2007

Recently, much attention has been paid to developing various kinds of fermented herbal extracts, a new type of traditional herbal medicine, in the field of Korean traditional medicine. The fermentation of medicinal herbs is intended to exert a favorable influence on digestability, bioavailavility and pharmacological activity of herbal extract in the gastrointestinal tract. It also produces a number of fermentation products that intensify the nutritional and pharmacological aspects of the medicinal herbs. In order to develop a functional beverage of alleviating the aftereffects of the previous drinks, the extracts (HP-1) of fermented herbal mixture, including Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Lonicera japonica Thunberg, and Hovenia dulcis Thunb., were prepared and the medicinal effect as a hangover cure was evaluated in ethanol-loaded rats. The enzyme activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) were analyzed by measuring the concentration of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde. The mRNA expression of ADH and ALDH2 was also investigated through RT-PCR analysis. In the HP-1-treated group, the concentration of blood ethanol was significantly reduced at one hour after loading of ethanol, as compared to that in the saline-treated group. The reduced ethanol was converted to acetaldehyde, which resulted in rapid increase in acetaldehyde concentration in an hour. Acetaldehyde was started to decrease at 5 hours after ethanol loading. It implies that HP-1 is highly effective to stimulate the activities of ADH and ALDH2. The HP-1 treatment also activated the mRNA expression of ADH and ALDH. This study suggests that fermented herbal extract, HP-1 can be used as a functional beverage of alleviating the alcohol-induced hangover symptoms by stimulating the activities and gene expression of hepatic alcohol metabolizing enzymes.