• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.237-252
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• 2023

The article describes the development of a novel dissipative bracing connection device (identified by the acronym DRBrC) for concentrically braced frames in steel and composite structures. The origins of the device trace back to the seminal work of Kelly, Skinner and Heine (1972), and, more directly related, to the PIN-INERD device, overcoming some of its limitations and greatly improving the replaceability characteristics. The connection device is composed of a rigid housing, connected to both the brace and the beam-column connection (or just the column), in which the axial force transfer is achieved by four-point bending of a dissipative pin. The experimental validation stages, presented in detail, consisted of a preliminary testing campaign, resulting in successive improvements of the original device design, followed by a systematic parametric testing campaign. That final campaign was devised to study the influence of the constituent materials (S235 and Stainless Steel, for the pin, and S355 and High Strength Steel, for the housing), of the geometry (four-point bending intermediate spans) and of the loading history (constant amplitude or increasing cyclic alternate). The main conclusions point to the most promising DRBrC device configurations, also presenting some suggestions in terms of the replaceability requirements.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.25-39
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• 1996

Architectural researches on the traditional houses of Korea have been studied mainly based on the data collected in the field survey. From explosively incresed real mesurements and drawings in the field, plenty of data have been collected. Those have been the basic data for verifing and developing the theories on the traditional house. But after Korean war the researchers in South-Korea were not able to approach to the field in North Korea, so the new data of North Korea were not added any more. The poverty of real data have caused regional unbalance in the researches. This paper aims at collecting new data of traditional house in North Korea. But still being prohibited for the researchers of South Korea to approach to the field, I had to depend on the memories and experiences of the immigrants from North Korea who are now living in Kyon-Nam and Pusan Province. Through the questionnaire and drawings, they described vivid memory of their old houses. I was able to collect the data of 71 cases, which are significant and valuable as much as those of the real field are. The data include the address and site condition, family structure, economic condition, construction period of each house, The drawings by themselves show the building forms and plans, the plans of each building, and the included spaces. Although the quantity of those data is not enough for statistical analysis, it shows general tendency for analizing regional charateristics, the differnces among economical classes, and the periodical change. It opens the way for verfying the existing theory. Analizing the data, I have some conclusions as followings: a. Most of researchers have classified the dominant housing type of Hamkyong-Do as 'the double fold' type. In this study, all cases of Hamkyongbuk-do also show 'the double fold plan with Chongju-kan'. But in Hamkyongnam-do some cases show 'the double fold plan without Chongju-kan, or projecting the stable into the yard, which seem to be different type from 'the double fold plan with Chongju-kan' b. Existing theories classified the dominant housing type of Pyongahn-do as 'two buildings with pararell arrangement'. This classification is verified with the plentiful cases in this study. Futhermore, I found new tendency, that is, getting higher econnomic condition, they construct annex buildings between the main buildings. Finally their houses show 'scattered ㅁ shape'. The houses included in this two types has narrow and closed inner yard, which is different from the houses of the same shape in the south region of Korea. c. Existing theories classified the dominant housing type of Hwanghae-do as 'ㅁ sape with Daechong' type. I found many cases of 'ㅁ shape', but only two cases show 'Daechong'. 'The doble fold' type was also founded. Unfortunately very few cases were sent from Hwanghae-do, it is not enough for finding general tendency.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.104-108
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• 2009

Rapid urbanization resulted in expansion of urban area and increase of population bringing deepened housing shortage. Supply-oriented housing policy made apartment a representative residential space in Korea in spite of the short history of apartment. This study analyzed the shape and arrangement of main building by year and the microclimate in the complex depending on the number of floors. The purpose of this study was to present the basic data in developing apartment complex to solve problems like the stagnation of pollution source and the rise of temperature due to the declined ventilation in apartment complex, and the worsened urban heat island phenomenon due to the impeded flow of wind. This study rearranged the shape and arrangement of main building by year and the tendency of the number of floors by year in the process of change, by generalizing the process of change of apartment complex, a representative modern residential space through preliminary research. Based on it, 8 object lot by age was selected and simulated by using Envi-met. Simulation identified that the change of apartment complex takes place having a positive effect on microclimate in the apartment complex and the microclimate in the apartment complex is influenced a lot by the shape of complex. If in future apartment complex plan, a systematic legal criteria of design is made about the shape and arrangement of main building, it might have a positive effect on the improvement of microclimate in the apartment complex, a representative residential space in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.9-20
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• 2008

The residential environment is a place which reflects the gradual evolution of human consciousness because it is a cultural space the term, 'houses' is not relevant in this context as it literally means 'contains'. The long history of human living habits cannot be 'contained' within a space, but can be 'expressed' by a space and by the way the space is used. Furthermore, due to the way it is typically constructed, the basic characteristics of the house usually cannot be rapidly changed to accommodate new habits. However, recent changes that have taken place to the characteristics of the traditional master room suggest that traditional societal values associated with patriarchy have diminished. The current trend where priority is given to children's education also affects such a change. Existing researches related to the master room is confined to the behavioral use of the space and the composition of the physical space, while research on the master room its plane type has not been carried out. Therefore, in this study, apartment model houses are selected, and are classified according to the types of master room. An analysis is then carried out of the master room based on the occupants' requirements in terms of consciousness. Any planning modifications where required are then suggested. This research comprises the followings stages. First, an examination is carried out of existing research on the master room in order to understand its background and spatial components. A definitiones of related terms is also provided. Second, an analysis is carried out of the model houses exhibited at Suwan District, examining the typical standard that has been selected for the master room. Third, an analysis is conducted of the topics and questions to be selected for a questionnaire. Fourth, an analysis is carried out of the consciousness, satisfaction and requirements of the residents, as respondents in the questionnaire, related to the master room. and Research is then conducted of the architectural methods for planning the master room. Finally, future countermeasures for planning the master room are described based on the above analysis and research findings.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.651-673
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• 2007

In the studies on residential move, there has been tendency of dichotomy where short distance moves are largely caused by housing to adjust to changes in households while long distance moves are induced by shift in labor market. However, some empirical studies have proven that residential move is so complex process that the simple dichotomy should be elaborated. In this sense, the present study seeks to identify compounded course of residential move in Korea. In determining migration history, families with younger householders, renters, householders with higher educational attainment and smaller households show a higher probability to move. In case of mobility, women were more prone to move compared to man. Women compared to man, older age augmented the probability to own a house after migration. Families with householders following an occupation of sales and technical service showed lowest tendency to own houses while it marked the highest in the group of professionals. Higher land price of a region was negatively related to owning houses after migration. The present study revealed that factors in macro level as well as micro level significantly affect the move of individuals with varying effects in accordance with migration history.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.1 s.14
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• pp.31-48
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• 1998

Soengyo-jang has some characteristics as the most great house, the special functions, and the non-regional type of house form. And it has constructed continuously for two centuries by many owners in the different generations, It needs a special research method ; which are consist of a) comprehension of background information from documents and oral instructed materials, b) pursuit of design process through the building survey, and c) theoretical interpretation about 'collectivism'. From the results of this research, it is revealed that the architectural purpose of this house was constructing 'a great manor'. At first phase, it had been a single ordinary house, at second, it had expanded to a complex including many housing clusters, and finally became to expand its dwelling territory into whole village. Its expansion was progressed by the four collecting phases of which were building, building cluster, group of clusters, and topological setting. Main design elements operated in each of collecting phases ; they were partial element of , exterior spaces of , a linear building of , and a pavilion of . The last two elements were also powerful datum.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.133-152
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• 2010

Through the 20th century architectural theory of rational thinking and the principles according to the statement of the firm, Le Corbusier's early works by analyzing the language of architecture, including his architectural concepts and helps the understanding of modern architecture. Masters of modern architecture as a place among the works of Le Corbusier in the 1920s, 'Le Corbusier's White Period' homes to target by age, and that his initial concept of the formation process of clarifying, further the construction of his golden age will be the key to understand. I selected housings from Maison Citrohan to villa Savoye, the category of architectural elements by considering the development process, he examines developments of the concept of modern architectural space. In analysis process, First of all, I am focused on between each element in the development process to review and explicate the integration process. The advent of the machine which he lived, because of its incredible potential reorganization of human society, as well as to celebrate the start of a new lifestyle. His architectural language of the times in the machinism could achieve progress and modern art, which is a new interpretation of the natural world.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.321-326
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• 2009

For building an urban image, various elements such as symbolic building, ethnic characteristics, historical background, natural environment, and diverse cultural elements can influence on it. Many cities in developed countries are showing their unique urban image reflecting their own culture, history, and aesthetic tastes. Especially color, one of the major design elements, has greater impact than other visual factors to form an urban characteristic. Despite the long history and cultural background, Seoul as a capital city of Korea does not show an unique city image with the perspective of color. Recently, Seoul has been designated as '2010 World Design Capital' and implements various urban design projects. As a leading city of design, Seoul is trying to make its urban identity through the own symbolic environment color. The purpose of this study is to find an environmental color scheme for developing a desirable urban design through several cases of foreign countries. For the purpose, Paris, London, Amsterdam, and Tokyo were selected as case cities. Each of the cities showed their own cultural characteristics and made their unique urban image by appropriate usage of their natural environment, symbolic building, emblem of country, and so on. We need to consider these successful cases to build up the image of Seoul.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.4 s.21
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• pp.81-94
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to interpret a house as material into culture. Main method is an ethnographic interview with dwellers as a part of a participant observation, a kind qualitative study. Significantly two different types of folk housing are discovered in East and West areas of the Cheju Island. In the East, kitchen itself forms a separated building, Jeongji-gori, whereas in the West, kitchen is within a main building, An-gori. Different type of kitchen is formed by the different family system. While independent family system of son and father selects a separate kitchen building as a general rule of Cheju Island, an extended family system between father and son selects same kitchen, Jeongji-gori, in the east area. Natural environment of infertile soil of east area makes family work together and eat together. Inner space of the kitchen building is utilized not only in cooking but also in eating, working, and sleeping. In order to explain folk house type, a 'culture area' concept is suggested. The interrelated 'cultural type' of architecture behind a physical surface 'type' is suggested as a new typology.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.45-56
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolutionary process of Ddeulzip. The subject of this study is a clan family of Andong Kwon in Andong Area. Ddeulzip's evolutionary process of the construction and management is divided into largely three periods in Josun Dynasty. The establishment and changing process of Ddeulzip for Andong Kwon's family are analyzed according to three periods called the early(15~16C), mid(17~18C) and late(19~20C). The characteristics of the early and mid period are that they created their own ancestral building form of Ddeulzip. Those of the late period are in their strong will to make similar scale of Ddeulzip. And during the late period, although the construction of new Ddeulzip was started in the early stage, no more formation of Ddeulzip was made as it approached toward the late stage. And most important point is similar constructional space(gan) of first time. The residential Ddeulzip of Andong Kwon's family created at the 19C can be regarded as an representative example of large space that shows a typical form of housing by noble residents at the time.