• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.138-148
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• 2022

The 1920s and 1930s were when new trends became prominent in Korean housing architecture. This study began with a curiosity about the appearance of residential gardens during the transition period, when housing types were changing. Since gardens are constantly evolving and living spaces, it is not easy to give a clear picture of their evolution. However, through popular magazines and newspaper articles published in the 1920-30s, this study investigated how people perceived the gardens socially and how they engaged in gardening. First, the study of Gyeongseong's urbanization process revealed that people perceived gardens as a way to give natural beauty to the urban environment. Therefore, the creation of a residential garden was strongly encouraged. Second, the housing improvement movement, which the architects actively discussed during this period, emphasized that a garden is a factor that can help improve the quality of the residential environment in terms of hygiene and landscape aesthetics. Third, since the media provided information on gardening, it was confirmed that the number of people engaged in gardening as a hobby increased. As designers and gardeners who had received a modern education became more active, the concept of "designed gardens" was formed. Lastly, although the houses were divided into various types, the shapes of the gardens did not show a significant difference according to the architecture type. They tended to embrace the time's ideal garden design and style. Therefore, even in a traditional hanok, Western-style gardens were naturally harmonized into the overall architecture, and exotic plant species could be found. Although the gardens found in media images were limited to those belonging to the homes of the intelligentsia, it can be seen that representativeness was secured, considering the popularity and ripple effect of the media. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature as it confirmed the ideal gardens and gardening methods in the 1920s and 30s.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2017

This study was carried out to collect basic data on the egg laying performance and disease occurrence on animal welfare-approved farms (AWAF) for laying hens with different housing types (windowless, open, and free-range house) and strains (Hy-line, Lohmann). Age at first egg laying was 151 d in the windowless house and 141 d in both the open and free-range houses, and the percentage peaks of each farm were 91.8%, 92.9%, and 86.3%. Average egg production according to housing types were 70.9%, 77.4%, and 65.6% at 18~38 wk old and 91.1%, 90.1%, and 76.2% at 32~36 wk. The average dirty and cracked egg ratio of the windowless, open, and free-range houses was 2.84%, 1.15%, and 0.23%, respectively. Mortality in the open house was lower than the other house types. Age of first egg laying for the Hy-line strain was 155 d and that for the Lohmann strain was 157 d, and the percentage peaks of the two strains were 92.9% (252 d) and 87.2% (237 d), respectively. Average egg production of the strains was 83.7% and 76.9%, respectively. The average dirty and cracked egg ratio of the Hy-Line and Lohmann strains was 3.85% and 2.97%, respectively. Mortality of the Hy-Line strain was lower than that of the Lohmann strain. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the egg weight, HU, and egg yolk color of chickens raised in the open house compared with those of chickens raised in the other house types. In terms of antibody titer, that for Newcastle disease in open house chickens was lower than that of chickens raised in windowless and free-range houses. The antibody titer for low pathogenic avian influenza, avian infectious bronchitis, and avian pneumovirus was high at over 3.0 in all three farms. SG, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella pullorum, fowl adenovirus infection, and infectious laryngotrachitis were not detected in any of the three house types. The number of AWAF for laying hens has continuously increased in Korea, but there is currently little data on the housing types used on the AWAF for laying hens. Therefore, the results of the present study, in which analyzed the laying performance and disease occurrence on AWAF for laying hens, can use as basic data for the improvement of performance and prevention of disease on further AWFA for laying hens.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.395-399
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• 2017

The LPI fuel filter housings used in automobiles were made from conventional die castings but have recently been developed by cold forging to improve the weight and durability. On the other hand, a sink may develop at the core of the forged product due to the resulting T-shape, which not only reduces the aesthetics, but also increases the post-processing cost of the product. Therefore, this research focused on methods to predict and mitigate sink development and progression during the T-shape forging process. Finite element analysis of the forging process was first performed to determine the optimal initial workpiece devoid of burrs and underfills. An accurate sink prediction was then obtained via metal flow analysis, which was a result of the finite element simulation. Through finite element analysis, it was confirmed that sink development is a product of the differences in nodal velocities arising from the T-shaped forging process. Consequently, a pad was inserted beneath the sink to minimize these velocity differences. The results yielded significant improvement with regard to the sink defect. This method was practically applied to an industrial site to validate the sink improvement.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2021

Recently, as the problem of the traditional on-site labor-intensive construction production method has been raised due to changes in construction work labor and site conditions, the OSC method is gradually spreading as an alternative to this. Even in apartment houses, the application of the PC method is expanding centered on the underground parking lot, but the high cost structure is a problem compared to the conventional formwork method. In this study, factors affecting the calculation of construction cost in the economic evaluation, which are the core of determining the construction method for apartment buildings, are derived through domestic and foreign literature review and expert advice, the importance was analyzed through an opinion survey targeting industry experts. The measures to reduce construction cost were mainly derived from the improvement of the design and manufacturing process. It is expected that the factors affecting the construction cost and improvement measures of the PC method derived from this study will serve as a direction for technology development to spread the application of the PC method for apartment houses in the future.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.203-226
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• 2006

A highly sophisticated expertise and systematic and integrated management of security operation are essential for a crowded stadium. a special object of security guarding. Nonetheless, the recent incident in a singing concert hall reveals the overall problem like the lacking safety management system. lacking deployment of professional security personnel, absence of safety manuals and safety measures, as well as the lack of professionalism of private sector security companies. In this study, we presented three categories that needed improvement, like the legal and institutional improvement, improvement of policy and improvement of operation which are required to set up the model to operate the optimal private sector security duties. For the revision of law and institution for a better and more desirable method, we discussed the revision of related laws and regulations pursuant to the security operation at places where events are held, including the revision of law on security guarding work, regulation on common housing management, uniformity of security guarding, and law on performance. For the improvement of policies, we discussed the introduction of security consultants, strengthening the security instructor system, expansion of relevant organizations, establishment of mutual cooperation, privatization of profitable events, improvement of awareness about the security activities provided by private sector, policy for the professionalism of private security operation, expansion of security exhibition and seminar. For the improvement of operation. we discussed professional security techniques. such as the technique of security consulting, the application of CPTED technique, the technique for the integration of system, the method of operation, the establishment of a system to support public security operations and volunteers, establishment of a manual for security guarding performance, modernization and high tech-oriented equipment, organization of security guarding entity in which the industry, academic society and government participates together.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2016

The long-term repair program is significant as the execution standard for apartment in repair construction, and provides the basis for effective facility management through appropriation reserve and preventive maintenance. Considering its importance, the government legislates the items, cycle, and ratio for long-term repair. However, the frequent changes, controversies on repair, and difficulties in using appropriation reserve are caused as the items have not been revised on time reflecting up-to-date construction technologies. In order to resolve these problems, it is required to improve the standard by evaluating the appropriateness of repair items throughout the analysis of actual conditions. This study aims to suggest the revision plan for the criteria with the major items based on the status identified by the actual long-term repair programs and historical repair construction data. To do this, the adoption ratios of items to program are reviewed by collecting the real cases of the long-term repair programs. Developing improvement plan was approached in two ways such as "exclusion method" deleting minimum unnecessary items and "selection method" sorting out items with high adoption ratio and evidence of repair in a positive manner. Aa a result, the major items were identified as 118 items and 73 items by exclusion method and selection method respectively from the current 147 items. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute enhancing the practicality of the standard in that the regulation for long-term repair program should periodically reflect the status of currently applied construction methods and materials.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.53-64
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• 2013

This study was conducted from the time when discussion of improvement and keeping heavy taxation on multiple home owners was began, experts who may express professional opinion such as realtors, tax accountants and revenue officers were picked up besides the direct interested parties such as single and multiple home owners. This study collected their various opinions regarding whether keeping the heavy taxation system on multiple home owners or not and the effect of it. As a result of the survey, people living in Seoul who owned more houses showed higher awareness about heavy taxation on multiple home owners, and people agreed more about abolishing the heavy taxation when they own more homes. From this study, it was found out that different recognition about heavier transfer income tax on multiple home owners of each person concerned and necessity of rearranging this uncertain condition of temporary regulation in the future. The tax law should be improved to supply clear policy signals to the market for recovery of housing transactions and supply expansion of jeonsei to monthly rental housing and managing of taxation policy which reflects taxpayers' opinion may correspond to more effective and fair taxation principle.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2017

The road network system of major domestic urban areas such as city of Seoul was rapidly developed and regionally expanded. In addition, many kinds of life-lines such as electrical cables, telephone cables, water&sewerage lines, heat&cold conduits and gas lines were needed in order for urban residents to live comfortably. Therefore, most of the life-lines were individually buried in underground and individually managed. The utility tunnel is defined as the urban planning facilities for commonly installing life-lines in the National Land Planning Act. Expectation effectiveness of urban utility tunnels is reducing repeated excavation of roads, improvement of urban landscape; road pavement durability; driving performance and traffic flow. It can also be expected that ensuring disaster safety for earthquakes and sinkholes, smart-grind and electric vehicle supply, rapid response to changes in future living environment and etc. Therefore, necessity of urban utility tunnels has recently increased. However, all of the constructed utility tunnels are cut-and-cover tunnels domestically, which is included in development of new-town areas. Since urban areas can not accommodate all buried life-lines, it is necessary to study the feasibility assessment system for utility tunnel by urban patterns and capacity optimization for urban utility tunnels. In this study, we break away from the new-town utility tunnels and suggest a quantitative assessment model based on the evaluation index for urban areas. In addition, we also develop a program that can implement a quantitative evaluation system by subdividing the feasibility assessment system of urban patterns. Ultimately, this study can contribute to be activated the urban utility tunnel.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.286-306
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• 2011

Based on the announcement by the National Competitiveness Council in 2008, this study analyzed the direction of the changing policy in Seoul Metropolitan Area promoted by the current government and to inquire into such the effect, research was done to study the changes in space demand by companies which respond sensitively to changes in regulation in Seoul Metropolitan Area. In addition, the effect of Seoul Metropolitan Area policy on company location is explored while company location changes and changes in direction of space demand due to easing of regulation in Seoul Metropolitan Area by the current government are examined. Research methods utilized empirical analysis and survey analysis. Empirical analysis utilized statistical data since 1980's. For survey analysis, the effect of changing policy in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which is an exogenous shock, on decision making of the enterprise is considered to derive the direction of demand for company manufacturing lots. The results of the study showed that decision for company location or factory size has been affected greatly by Seoul Metropolitan Area policy and domain regulation and institution to restrict permission area of a manufacturing building from the law of improvement plan of the Metropolitan area were the biggest regulatory policies. Due to easing of regulation in Seoul Metropolitan Area by the current government, the demand for manufacturing lot is expected to increase. In particular, the demand for manufacturing lot is expected to increase centered around Seoul Metropolitan Area and Chungcheong province while demand is expected to decrease in Gangwon province. The reason is because company preference is high for the Seoul Metropolitan Area which has the best transportation/logistics and market conditions in Korea. But in the case of Southeast region and Daegyung region that form exclusive economic zones, changing policy in Seoul Metropolitan Area has little impact. In the case of Seoul Metropolitan Area, demand increase does not occur in the entire area but instead, demand is expected to increase in growth management zones.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 2018

The VE/LCC study on the existing multi-utility tunnel examined the economical feasibility of the collective area through the cost-benefit analysis of the ten major routes of Seoul for the benefit (7 items) and the cost (5 items) through quantitative methods. In this paper, we analyzed the economic efficiency of 61 sectors by adding 3 items (reduced traffic accident, reduced vehicle noise, social-economic loss). The reduced traffic accident item is an improvement of the traffic accident cost that can be saved by the implementation of the project, and the reduced vehicle noise item is an indicator of the amount of noise change caused by the implement of the business. Finally, the social-economic loss items represent the impact on the local economy due to the construction of the multi-utility tunnel. The amounts of the additional items were compared and items added in the open type and tunnel type multi-utility tunnel were analyzed for each analysis. Result on the analysis, it analyzed the items applied to the basic and detail models in the economic evaluation of the multi-utility tunnel design, and makes it possible to evaluate the economic efficiency more efficiently. The economic evaluation of the basic and detailed models including the items presented in this study will be often used in the design of the multi-utility tunnel design.