• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.301-306
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• 2002

In Japan, the vacancy rates of office buildings have been at high in big cities since 1992. This problem is especially acute in Tokyo, where it is estimated that over 2.27 million square meters of office floor area will be oversupplied in 2003: big urban redevelopment projects will be completed in 2003. Under these circumstances, International Cooperative Research and Development on Sustainable Urban Management by Conversion of Buildings, called “SUMCOB”, has been carried out. This research aims to regenerate urban areas by converting redundant offices into flats, although instances of conversion are still very few in Japan. This paper introduces part of current results by SUMCOB, and discusses legal problems with conversion and basic capacity of vacant offices in Tokyo. It has been confirmed that there are no constraints concerned with Real Estate Registration Law (although it requires the change of the registration after conversion). and City Planning Law. However, some criteria are incompatible with Building Standard Law and Fire Service Law if the use of the building is changed from offices to flats. Typical incompatibility between offices and flats is lightening. If the buildings do not satisfy criteria for flats, the cost of renovation works for conversion will increase. To examine the basic capacity of vacant office buildings for conversion, field surveys in Tokyo have carried out at three areas: Kodenmacho (Chuo-ku), Toranomon (Minato-ku), and Iwamonocho (Chiyoda-ku). They are typical office areas that are included in center core of Tokyo. In Chuo-ku, the oldest commercial area in Tokyo, textile merchants have been located their headquarters. In Minato-ku, many rental office buildings have been located and several large scale redevelopments are advancing. Chiyoda-ku includes Marunouchi area, which is the prime office area in Japan. Thirty percent of the buildings in survey areas suffer from over twenty percent vacant floor rate, and fifty five percent were constructed before 1990. Especially most of buildings over forty percent vacant floor rate were constructed in 1980s. Vacant office problems haven't been seen in old buildings in Tokyo yet. The number of dwelling units made from office space will influence the conversion scheme. Seventy percent of the office buildings in survey areas have floor area of less than two hundred square meters. If they have been subdivided into two bedrooms type or three bedrooms type, the number of dwelling units in a floor would be less than three. The difficulty of conversion planning derives from frontage size, depth size, and their proportion. The five categories are proposed to grasp actual requirements for converting offices into flats.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the residential satisfaction and the residential satisfaction in the residential environment. For this study, we analyzed the main factors of occupancy satisfaction by integrating previous studies on brand and housing and purchase intention, developing a research model based on the theoretical study on occupancy satisfaction, and establishing a research hypothesis. The results of this study are as follows: First, the relationship between first brand image and occupancy satisfaction is statistically significant. Second, the relationship between residential satisfaction and residential satisfaction is significant. In addition, the relationship with prices acting as parameters is analyzed to be somewhat significant. Therefore, this study is expected to provide not only useful information in the relationship between apartment supplier and consumer, but also provide basic information on similar research. Therefore, this study is expected to provide not only useful information in the relationship between apartment supplier and consumer, but also provide basic information on similar research. However, due to limitations such as selection of control variables and analytical errors, future research should be conducted through development of more comprehensive and valid indicators.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.05
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• pp.199-202
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• 1996

Artificial hearts are intended for use in patients with severe forms of heart disease for which no surgical repair is possible. The moving-actuator pump was developed to decrease the overall volume size of the electromechanical total artificial heart (TAH) by eliminating the occupied space of the fixed-actuator in the conventional pusher-plate type pump. In our pump, the actuator moves back and forth for alternative ejections of left and right ventricles. The problem of fitting the TAH to atrial remnants and arterial vessels could also be improved by circular or penduluous mot ion of the actuator instead of linear mot ion of the pusher-plate in the conventional pumps. We have evaluated two types of moving- actuator pump; one is a rolling cylinder type, and the other a pendulum type pump. In the rolling cylinder pump, frictional energy loss exists between the pump housing's guide bars and the actuator's end caps, while the bottom rack under the cylindrical actuator increases the height of the pump, the pump is therefor not implantable inside the small chest of human-sized animals with a body weight of less than 70kg. The new human type pump has a penduluous mot ion actuator to correct the above problems while maintaining the advantage of the moving- actuator's small total volume. The totally implantable TAH is composed of a blood pump, a control system and pheriperal equipments. The blood pump, which is constructed by a moving actuator, a right and left blood sac, and four artificial valves, is implanted in the thoracic. In 1988, the first implantation of the rolling cylinder TAH was performed into a female calf weighing 100kg, and the cal f recovered to the degree of voluntary standing and eat ing and survived to 100 hrs. We then survived two female sheep weighing about 63kg with the new human type TAH for three days.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 2012

Recently, the demand and supply on the Hanok have been increased. However, Hanok should be requested larger section of structural members because of excessive roof weight. So, structural skin-timber was manufactured to get a lightweight structural member. The structural skin-timber has exterior shape with larger section but a great volume of wood be removed. The reduced strength of structural skin-timber can be supplemented by hybridizaion of structural member. Japanese larch and Domestic pine were used to manufacture the structural skin-timber. Structural skin-timbers of rectangular shape and cylinder shape were manufactured and tested to evaluate the bending properties. The intended strength property could not be obtained because member had been suffered severe damage by precision deficiency of manufacturing machine. However, if precision of manufacturing machine would be improved and additional hybridizaion of structural skin-timber would be done, lightweight structural member will be able to be manufactured. Structural skin-timber did not showed statistical significancy between two species, so it is possible to use pine mixed with larch. Only MOR of larch showed statistical significancy between rectangular shape and cylinder shape, so it is necessary to use of those as separate things. However, the rest of skin-timber can be judged mixed using because of non statistical significancy. The objective of this study was the development of lightweight larger structural member with relatively strength. If hybrid member of skin-timber could be developed with wood-ceramics, lightweight steel and more, it can be possible to be used as a building material of Hanok, interior material, post & beam construction material and more.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2017

As the 3D Greenery system is known to improve the urban environment, it works as new alternative for eco-friendly building and warrants further study for application to the domestic field. This study aimed to apply the design components for eco-friendly composition by investigating the spatial characteristics of the 3D Greenery System reflected in interior and exterior of buildings and to analyze the organization and design elements of domestic and foreign cases. The results showed that instances of the Greenery System tended to be a large scale and high-density development in order to expand various exterior spaces. Although its early forms were often found in such public facilities as exhibition and education purpose, cases of multi-unit dwelling have been growing. Allowing apartment residents to prefer intimate space by providing various such spaces for residential units and offering independent green spaces would induce diverse residents' lifestyles rather than monotonous design. The analysis also indicated that community space composed of various outdoor spaces and atmosphere would change life patterns of multi-housing and establish a real neighborhood through social interaction. Moreover, further investigation of the design patterns of outdoor space arrangement is needed since the Greenery system actively reflects the environmental characteristics of building sites and clearly shows a tendency to utilize natural terrain and slope in building shapes.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.105-124
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• 2017

This study aimed at developing an educational program for South Korean adolescents on North Korean family living culture so that the students become familiar with the values and everyday lifestyles of North Korea. Understanding of North Korean culture is considered important as a foundation for social integration in prospect of future reunification. The contents of the program were developed based on the analysis of North Korean defectors' interviews and review of the literature and media reports on North Korean family culture. The program consists of 12 units of 40-minute sessions with the following topics: economy and consumption, leisure activities, family relationships, dating and spouse choices, fashion changes, clothing acquisition and care, food choices and local diets, dietary problems, housing, and neighborhood. The program was implemented between December 21 and 30, 2015 in a middle school located in Seoul. This program is expected to be useful in preparing the students as future leaders to create harmonious family living culture in the reunified Korea.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 1986

With Economic Development Plan, the Korean National Family Plan Program was introduced in early 1960's. The program, which has been a way for constraining population increase, has obtained excellent results. In other word, it has had an important role in controlling the increase in population. The purpose of this study is to analyze the change of fertility rates since 1970 and the lever of completed fertility of Korean women since 1960. There are Age-specific Fertility Rate(ASFR), Total Fertility Rate(TFR), Gross Reproduction Rate(GRR) and Net Reproduction Rate(NRR) etc. in indices of period fertility. It is also possible to be seen the completed fertility rates by using Parity Progression Ratio. The data necessary for this study were obtained from Population & Housing Census Report from the year of 1960 to 1980 and Vital Statistics from 1980 to 1984, which conducted by Economic Planning Board, Republic of Korea. The summarized results of this study were as follows : 1. Age-specific Fertility Fertility Rate(ASFR) has been continuously decreasing till now. The ASFR for the women aged 25 to 29 was higher than those of any other groups and the ASFR for the women aged 20 to 24 was higher than that of the women aged 30 to 34 since the mid 1970's. 2. There are Total Fertility Rate(TFR), Gross Reproduction Rate(GRR) and Ney Reproduction Rate(NRR) etc. in reproduction rates. First of all, TFR and GRR have been declining except late of 1970's and TFR showed 2.23 per ever-married women, GRR was 1.05 in 1982. Next, the change of NRR could not be found without life table by year and only NRR for the time of census was to be found. In 1980, NRR showed 1.27 per ever-married women and the level was still out of reach at replacement level of population. 3. Specific Fertility Rate by Birth Order(SFRBO) showed to be declined continually since 1972. Especially the SFRBO of the third live birth was decreased from about 22 per 1,000 ever-married women in 1972 to 12 or so in 1982. 4. To know the level of completed fertility, the mean number of completed live births per ever-married women was calculated from 1960 to 1980. The number of completed live births was more than 5 per ever-married women by the year of 1975 but have been declining and resulted in 4.69 in 1980.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.3-14
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• 2021

In the Chinese construction industry, the utilization of Building Information Modeling (BIM) aims to increase the total output of the construction industry by solving the problem of inefficient interoperability in the construction industry. In 2011, the Chinese Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development despite the technical advantages of BIM and the government policy, the BIM adoption rate in China is lower than 45%. Meanwhile, as the South Korean construction industry is a step ahead of its Chinese counterpart in introducing and utilizing BIM, it is expected that BIM is more actively utilized and accepted in South Korea than in China. According to a comparative study based on the hype-cycle theory, South Korea is at a more advanced stage of introducing BIM, than in China. This study aimed to suggest how to increase BIM utilization rates in China. To this end, this study comparatively analyzed factors affecting BIM acceptance between China and South Korea. For the comparative analysis of the BIM acceptance factors between China and South Korea, literature reviews on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and BIM acceptance model were carried out, and based on that, the BIM acceptance factors were classified. Other BIM acceptance factors were also added and considered, as they reflected Chinese national characteristics and construction industry. As for the derived BIM acceptance factors, construction project participants, especially actual BIM users in China and South Korea, were targeted for the survey. A t-test using SPSS 22.00 was carried out to identify significant differences in data. Finally, based on the t-test results, this study suggested ways of improving the BIM utilization rate in China. Based on the findings, this study is expected to contribute to activating BIM adoption in the Chinese construction industry and also to set a theoretical foundation for future studies on BIM utilization in the industry.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.172-177
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• 2021

As part of the digital era, a digital twin that simulates the weak part of a product by performing a stress test that reduces the lifespan of some expensive equipment that cannot be done in reality by accurately moving the real world to virtual reality is being actively used in the manufacturing industry. Due to the development of IoT, the digital twin, which accurately collects data collected from the real world and makes it the same in the virtual space, is mutually beneficial through accurate prediction of urban life problems such as traffic, disaster, housing, quarantine, energy, environment, and aging. Based on its action, it is positioned as a necessary tool for smart city construction. Although digital twin is widely applied to the manufacturing field, this study proposes a smart city model suitable for the 4th industrial revolution era by using it to smart cities and increasing citizens' safety, welfare, and convenience through the proposed model. In addition, when a digital twin is applied to a smart city, it is expected that more accurate prediction and analysis will be possible by real-time synchronization between the real and virtual by maintaining realism and immediacy through real-time interaction.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2021

Recently, as the problem of the traditional on-site labor-intensive construction production method has been raised due to changes in construction work labor and site conditions, the OSC method is gradually spreading as an alternative to this. Even in apartment houses, the application of the PC method is expanding centered on the underground parking lot, but the high cost structure is a problem compared to the conventional formwork method. In this study, factors affecting the calculation of construction cost in the economic evaluation, which are the core of determining the construction method for apartment buildings, are derived through domestic and foreign literature review and expert advice, the importance was analyzed through an opinion survey targeting industry experts. The measures to reduce construction cost were mainly derived from the improvement of the design and manufacturing process. It is expected that the factors affecting the construction cost and improvement measures of the PC method derived from this study will serve as a direction for technology development to spread the application of the PC method for apartment houses in the future.