• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the overspending in Korean urban households. Data for this study were from the 2001 Household Income and Expenditure Survey and consisted of a sample of 3,250 households. The mean of the spending to income ratio was 1.02 and 37% of the households spent more than 100% of their taken-home income. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the determinants of overspending. Education, job, household type, the number of earners, the number of children, life cycle, location, and home ownership were significant variables which influence the overspending. The results of this study is useful for financial planners and counselors to make a guide line for overspenders.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of household characteristics on savings account, savings insurance, and private financial clubs. Data for this study were collected from the 2001 Household Income and Expenditure Survey consisting of a sample of 1,801 salary and wage earners' households. Tobit analysis was peformed to investigate savings accounts, savings insurance and private financial clubs. The results showed that 76% of households held savings accounts, 77% savings insurance, and 12% non-institutional assets in private financial clubs. Sender, age, education, job, spouse employment, family type, location, home ownership, number of children, and family income were significant determinants of investment in savings accounts, savings insurance, and private financial clubs. Family income was the most powerful variable.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2001

조사연구는 소비자학에서 가장 많이 사용되는 연구방법이다. 소비자학의 영역 중 가계경제영역에서는 특히 통계청의 도시가계조사자료를 이용한 연구가 활발히 수행되고 인다. 본고에서는 통계청에서 실시하고 있는 도시가계조사의 표본구성과 내용을 살펴보고, 여기에서 발견된 문제점을 수정ㆍ보완하여 가계의 경제행위를 설명하고 예측하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있도록 조사대상의 범위를 단독가구와 농ㆍ어가로 확대하고 소득자료의 보고를 근로자 이외의 가구에 대해서도 시행하도록 제언하는 바이다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.107-120
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to figure out the wife's employment and family economic structure of urban establishing families. For this purpose 274 establishing families in Seoul and its metropolitan area were interviewed through the standardized questionnares. Finally 264 questionnares were analyzed. The major findings were as follows; 1. The 23.9% of respondents had full-time job and 12.1% had part-time job. The major reason of nonemployment was child-rearing problems. And most ofthem answered that they would have job if child-rearing problems were sloved. 2. In both full-time and part-time job wives, the employment rate of high educational level's wives was high-relatively. 3. Total household monthly income of full-time job women was higher than the ones of part-time job and full-time wives. In total monthly income of full-time job women, the rate of wife's income was about 38%. 4. The costs of clothings, the cost of traffic and the total expenditures of full-time wife's household were higher than the ones of the other households. 5. The saving rate of the urban establishing families was about 27%.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.143-159
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• 2002

This study investigates inequality of the private educational expenditure using the Family Expenditure Survey of 1990, 1996, 1998, and 2000. The major results are: first, inequality of the private educational expenditure has been relived between 1990 and 2000; second, despite decrease in household income right after the Korean economic crisis, the private educational expenditure has been increased in the households having middle and high school students; third, the gaps in the private educational expenditure between income groups are mainly due to the differences in the spending levels of the private education rather than differences in the percentages of households who spend any in the private education; fourth, in 2000, the gini coefficient of the private educational expenditure among households having elementary school student is 0.4832, and 0.6468 among households having middle and high school students; fifth, 30% of the households having middle and high school students who show the highest level of the private educational expenditure occupy 80% of the total private educational expenditure made by the whole households.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2017

Purpose - The structural changes of Korean agriculture are complex due to heterogeneous production processes and farms' features. This study analyzed trends of dualism in Korean agriculture over the period 2000-15 based on farm-level data to clarify the specific trends of dualism in terms of farm income, farm-size, and farm operators' age. From the results of this study, we would be able to understand the features of structural changes in Korean agriculture more profoundly. Research design, data, and methodology - We incorporated farm-level data in South Korea: Agricultural census and Farm household economy survey. As measures of inequality, we used size-weighted quantiles, and normalized Gini coefficients as well as mean and conventional quantiles. The size-weighted quantiles are more robust to changes in the number of small farms, but they are more sensitive to changes in the distribution of farm-size. Thus, they would be more useful to identify trends of dualism of Korean agriculture. Results - The results show that the farmland distribution of crop farms became more skewed and dispersed. However, the herd distribution of livestock farms became more concentrated. To be specific, their mean and 1st quantile increases more rapidly than their size-weighted 2nd quantile and size-weighted 3rd quantile. Gini coefficients of livestock farms regarding their herd distribution decreased by 0.1 on average. In the case of income distribution, the results indicate that the polarization regarding farm household/agricultural/non-agricultural income became more severe. However, we also found that the distribution of transfer income became concentrated continuously. The results imply that transfer income including subsidies would decrease farm income polarization. Lastly, during the study periods, Korean farms were aging over time, and age distribution of them more concentrated. Conclusions - The structure of Korean agriculture has been changing, even though the absolute size of it decreased over time. Land (herd) distribution became more dispersed (concentrated). Inequality regarding agricultural income became more severe, and it made farm household income more polarized even though transfer income would decrease income gaps among farms. Lastly, farms continue to age regardless of farm types and this might affect the structural changes in Korean agriculture in the future.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제39권
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• pp.157-179
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• 1999

이 연구는 사적 소득이전이 우리나라의 빈곤율을 어느 정도 낮추며, 소득계층별로 사적 소득이전에 의한 빈곤감소 효과가 어떻게 차이가 있는지를 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이 연구는 1996년, 1997년, 1998년 도시가계조사 원자료와, 한국보건사회연구원과 한국노동연구원이 1998년도에 조사한 실업가구조사 원자료를 분석자료로 이용하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 사실들을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 우리나라의 사적 이전은 공공복지와는 비교가 안될 정도로 큰 규모를 형성하고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 도시근로자 가구, 실업가구 모두에서 사적 이전소득 수혜율이 공적 이전소득 수혜율 보다 휠씬 높았고, 이전소득의 절대량도 사적 이전이 공적 이전보다 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 사적 이전에 의한 빈곤감소 효과는 그다지 크지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 도시근로자 가구 전체를 대상으로 할 때, 사적 이전의 빈곤감소율은 $10{\sim}11%$ 정도이고, 실업가구 전체를 대상으로 할 경우 빈곤감소율은 3% 내외에 불과했다. 셋째, 사적 이전은 극빈층의 빈곤감소에는 거의 기여하지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다. 도시근로자 가구 전체를 대상으로 할 때, 사적 이전은 극빈층이라고 할 수 있는 하위 5% 계층의 빈곤율을 전혀 하락시키지 못했고, 실업가구를 대상으로 할 경우에도 소득이 전혀 없거나 매우 적은 가구들인 하위 40% 이하 계층의 빈곤율을 겨우 $0.6{\sim}0.7%$ 포인트 정도밖에 떨어뜨리지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 사적 이전이 극빈층의 빈곤감소에는 거의 기여하지 못하지만, 극빈층이 현재의 생활을 유지하는 데는 매우 중요한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 도시근로자 가구를 대상으로 할때, 사적 이전소득을 수혜하는 하위 5% 계층의 경우 경상소득 대비 사적 이전소득의 비율이 25.6%에 이르며, 실업가구들에서 사적 이전소득이 있는 하위 20%계층의 경우소득 대비 사적 이전소득의 비율이 1이며, 하위 $21{\sim}40%$ 계층의 경우에도 그 비율은 52%에 달한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.234-252
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• 2024

Objectives: This study examined the intake of energy and macronutrients among elementary, middle, and high school students according to household income before the COVID-19 pandemic (2016-2019), during the social distancing period (2020-2021), and after the social distancing measures were lifted (2022). Methods: We included 5,217 students aged 5-18 from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2016 and 2022. Dietary intake was assessed using one-day 24-hour dietary recalls. We estimated the least squares means (LS-means) of intake according to household income for each period using a weighted linear regression model, adjusted for age and sex. Differences in LS-means between the periods were analyzed using the t-test. Results: During the social distancing period, the LS-means of energy intake among students decreased significantly by 143.2 kcal/day compared to pre-pandemic levels (P < 0.001). Students from low-income households experienced a more pronounced decrease in energy intake (-379.1 kcal/day, P < 0.001) and macronutrient intake compared to those from other income groups. Energy intake at school significantly declined for all income groups during the social distancing period compared to before the pandemic. No significant changes in home energy intake were observed among low-income students, whereas there was an increase for students from higher-income groups. Before the pandemic, 8.5% of students from low-income households reported insufficient food due to economic difficulties; this figure rose to 21.3% during the pandemic. Conclusions: During the pandemic, students from low-income families experienced significantly lower intake of energy and macronutrients compared to pre-pandemic levels. The most substantial reductions were noted among low-income students, largely due to the lack of compensation for decreased school-based intake with increased intake at home.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.73-89
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• 1990

The aim of the present study is to estimates the economic value of household work done by fulltime home makers, using alternative methods of valuation household work in Pusan Korea. Eight findings, five different methods -Self Estimation by Home Makers, Reservation Wage, Opportunity Cost, Individual function Cost, Replacement Cost(Visiting Housekeeper, Housekeeper, General Managemet, Housekeeper & General Management)- are tried for the estimation of economic value of household work. The results of this study can be outlined as follows : 1) The economic value of household work varies substantially by the methods of estimating. The averages are : 2) The economic value of household work varies with the level of education, ages, the number of children, the stage of FLC in all method of estimation, and the level of income in self estimation by home makers, Reservation wage. Specially, FLC revealed good explanation variable in method of estimation as input household work time. 3) The gap between two-day survey and three-day survey in household work time questionaire didn't so much.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2004

Since the 1990s there have been increasing concerns about coresident grandparents and their children in the U.S. This study focused on the coresident grandparents and grandchildren, categorized into 6 household structures, and examined whether household structure with sociodemographic variables affected economic well-being. The data from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used, and frequencies, $x^2$ tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis were conducted by SPSS Windows. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the yearly household income among the 6 household structures. In addition, household structure affected the economic well-being. Especially, grandchildren in grandmother only, some parents present families, and in grandmother only, no parent families were more likely to be poor than those in both grandparents.