• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

This research aimed to identify characteristics of housing repairs for the weak class in rural area. Data are analyzed by the status according to year focusing on voluntary activity of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture that is performing more than 10 years. The results are followings. First, approximately 63.3% of residents living in benefit houses are 70s and 80s in their age. They are weak in financial and physical and they have more than two weak points. Second, housing repairs were performed total 1,990 cases among 797 houses and average 2.5 cases per one house. Repair work in house interior is at the highest, the next is repair work in kitchen, repair work related to restroom, repair work for housing structure improvement, and repair work for insulation in order. Third, repair work required difficult work process and high cost is tend to decrease recently. However, work changing of wallpaper and papered floor and performing in outside is tend to increase because it has simple work process and low cost. Finally, barrier free needs to be more actively reflected for the weak class in rural area.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.7 no.2 s.24
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• pp.67-76
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to propose the efficient improvement in the lawsuit to request the guarantee against defect. This study points out several problems about related act and subordinate statue and judgement by analyzing the character of contract in apartment house, related laws and regulations, appraisals and judicial decisions. This study deduces the necessity of the establishment of the specification and the breakdown cost for repair and maintenance work to provide the standard for the detached judgement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.459-467
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• 2011

The work of constructing apartment housing involves various fields of industry that are linked to each other, and is based on a design document prepared by multiple technicians and architects. Consequently, design errors, material flaws or faulty construction works can cause defects, which sometimes overlap with each other. Construction companies should repair any defects found in a completed building within a specified period of time, and to do this, should establish a business plan by efficiently predicting the cost of defect repair. As it is very difficult for companies to accurately predict the occurrence of defects, historical performance data is used as a base. For domestic apartment housing units, data on the cost of defect repair is insufficient, so there are hardly any methods that can be used to make precise predictions. Therefore, the intent of this study is to develop a model that can predict the cost of defect repair by supply type and area, based on historical performance data with ten years worth of post-completion.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.621-631
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• 2018

The repair and maintenance cost of domestic public rental housing is an issue of considerable interest and growing financial concern. This paper suggests a quantity-based model as an alternative method for predicting costs, instead of the conventional model which is based on actual cost data. Furthermore, this paper provides a forecast of the repair costs incurred each year during the multi family house's maintenance phase (40 years). The recently changed the long-term repair plan and quality-improved interior materials were considered into the research. In order to estimate the cost of maintenance work, 5 sample apartments were selected and analyzed. The repair and maintenance cost from the case studies was converted to cost per household and per floor area for general use. On the other hand, the net present value method was applied to reflect the effect of time. We expect that the results will help to establish expenditure plans that are more effective for public rental housing in the maintenance stage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review the debate on the Article 28(Prohibition of Inhouse-Contract for Harmful Work) of the Industrial Safety and Health Law. Methods: Literatures and recent debate for prohibition and permission of inhouse-contract for harmful work were reviewed. Proposals of revision for the Article 28 of the Industrial Safety and Health Law were also reviewed. Results: It was not found reasonable to revise the Article 28 based on increased fatal accidents or diseases in the electroplating work and heavy metals handling works that are currently listed in the Presidential Decree under the law as the harmful works. Regulation types of prohibition or authorization for any harmful work shall have inherently poor coverage since the scope of application is extremely limited. Contractors for maintenance and repair of chemical facilities may not be included in the scope of application if the harmful works are defined as chemical handling works. If harmful works are prohibited, the contractor workers may loose their jobs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider balancing job security and occupational safety and health safety. Conclusions: Various limitations were found in the Article 28 and the proposals to revise it. Currently in-house subcontracting is widely spread in the workplace. Therefore, it may be inappropriate to set one or two Article such as the Article 28 and 29 to protect in-house subcontract workers from injury and illness. It is believed that it needs fundamental redirection and new approach with new paradigm to impose occupational safety and health duty to prime contractors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.292-298
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• 2019

Objectives: Presenteeism is currently recognized as a significant global health issue that can potentially cause productivity losses. Hence, many studies have analyzed the relationships between workplace factors and presenteeism. However, few studies have considered non-occupational factors. This study examined the associations between presenteeism and activities outside work, including volunteering, self-development, leisure/sports, and gardening and house repair activities, in Korean wage workers. Methods: This study analyzed the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey, in which a total of 19 294 wage workers participated. To identify relationships between presenteeism and activities outside work, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics. Results: Self-development and leisure/sports activities significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) of presenteeism (OR, 1.166; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.061 to 1.282 and OR, 1.276; 95% CI, 1.181 to 1.379, respectively). Conclusions: Certain activities outside work, such as self-development or leisure/sports, were related to presenteeism among Korean wage workers. Although many previous studies have emphasized the positive effects of those activities on health, this study documented negative effects of these activities outside work on health.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.837-847
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• 2007

The study focused on the evaluation of maintenance management strategies used in public hospital buildings in Lagos state. It also assessed the labour composition for maintenance operations. In achieving these objectives, opinions of maintenance officers of ten (10) different hospitals in different local government areas of the state were sampled through well structured questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the analysis, the study revealed that majority of those public hospitals do not have specific budget for maintenance programmes, maintenance policies, maintenance log book and maintenance manual to guide the operatives. About 98% of them do not understand the type of maintenance strategy being used for their maintenance operations. 78% of the maintenance work are only executed when there is a breakdown or in response to user's request. For labour composition, the cleaning of interior and exterior of the building, inspection of building elements, repairs and replacements of building elements are mainly carried out by in-house staff, while the repair and replacement of equipment is by outsourcing. The study also revealed that using in- house staff, reduces costs and provides a higher security while outsourcing provides more flexibility in staffing reduces equipment expenditures and provide better access to special skills. The study recommended proactive measures to provide necessary training and support for maintenance staff and users of these facilities and a means of securing sufficient funds for maintenance programmes.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

The ending of the warranty under the current Multi-Housing Management Act has a lot of problem as it is very disadvantageous to the business entity and it makes hard for the contractor to finish the repair work. It is almost none for the business entity to get the written confirmation of the expiration of warranty liability from the client even though it sincerely completed their warranty obligation. It is because the client asks for the works other than fair repair arising from the defect in the work, such as the upgrade work for the enhancement of the value of their assets and the repair work which the client should take care before it issues the written confirmation of the expiration of warranty liability to the contractor. "So, though there is the law specifying this matter, the parties are relying on the unnecessary civil agreement. This leads to the big social and economic losses. If there is no agreement made between the client and the contractor, that leads to the legal dispute. This research on cases of 10 apartments shows that the types of works which the apartment residents ask for depend on the characteristics and conditions of the apartments and that they ask for various kinds of compensational works. In addition, it was found that there were many cases in which even the civil agreement is not recognized as the ending of the warranty obligation even if the proper procedure is taken for the ending of warranty by the contractor or business entity. If the collateral is to be offered to the client, the contractor would get more hard because there is the additional cost other than the warranty obligation, thus damaging the legal objective of the laws trying to minimize the damage made to the resident of the apartments. It means that the increase in the unnecessary warranty cost would lead to the increase in the selling price of apartment and the ending of the dispute through the civil procedure would make the Multi-Housing Act ineffective.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.191-198
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• 2015

The domestic housing paradigm has changed from quantitative growth to qualitative growth, and demands for pleasant living environment and meeting basic living conditions have increased due to increased living standards of the people. In a related move, the Ministry of land, Infrastructure and Transport introduced "long-life housing construction standards" in the Article 21 paragraph 6 of the Housing Act through a revision of the Housing Act in December 2014, devised detailed criteria and enforced the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, titled "long-life housing construction certification standards" which require long-life housing certification in construction of apartment houses that accommodate more than 1,000 households. In this regard, A survey of consumers was conducted to collect opinions about consumers' perception and requirements regarding long-life housing, and thus to promote long-life housing and improve certification system criteria. The general public who wish to purchase housing were selected as the subjects for the present study, and the survey was conducted at the site of apartment house PR hall in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do as of January 2015. The result of this study is an opinion survey of long-life housing consumers. For future work, additional research is needed to establish legal standards and devise support systems, along with technology development for long-life housing.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.12-21
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• 2017

From 1960, the government decided to build apartment houses on a large scale in order to resolve the rising housing problems. However, the maintenance issues that have arisen from the deterioration of housing has not received adequate attention. The policy focuses only on the supply of housing. By passing new laws, the durable period during which buildings allowed reconstruction was increased, and long term maintenance plans were treated as important issues. The government was then obligated to establish certain long term maintenance plans and costs by legislating a Housing Act and requiring it be adjusted every three years. However, when planning long-term repair costs, doing so without considering the time value of money would become a problem. In addition, if differences between the planned repair costs and actual costs occur, it becomes necessary to adjust the long-term repair costs but, as of yet, the criteria to adjust such things does not exist. For these reasons, if there is lack of money to execute large-scale repair work, a building is unlikely to respond to deterioration of housing; on the other hand, an unnecessary reserve or pool of money can lead to conflict among residents. Therefore, this paper will propose estimation and adjustment models considering the time value of money for long term maintenance costs of apartment houses.