• Journal of Conservation Science
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• 제18권
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• pp.51-62
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• 2006

This study, in order to do a nondestructive research on the mural walls kept in the protective house in Muwisa Temple, Kangjin, took four examinations; particle size analysis, XRD analysis, ultrasonic investigation, and thermo-infrared investigation. Component ratio of mural wall varied; clay of wall bodies consisted of gravel of 1.78 g, sand of 5.39 g, silt of 4.91 g and clay of 6.26 g. Ultrasonic velocity and one-axis compression strength tests done with eight mural-painted walls yield results as follows; the value of ultrasonic velocity ranged between 71.63 and 3610.11 m/s with the average of 417.44 m/s and on-axis compression strength ranged between 70.34 and $533.28kg/cm^2$ with the average of $83.23kg/cm^2$. The value increased in the order of Bosaldo(No.6)

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.2038-2045
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• 2010

Households' monthly average income is composed of various factors. This study paper studies focuses on estimating the determinants of a households' monthly average income. The region for analysis consist of three groups, that is, the whole country, a metropolitan city(such as Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangiu, Daejeon, Ulsan.) and Seoul. Analyzing period be formed over a 57 time points(2005. 01~2009. 09). In this paper the dependent variable setting up the households' monthly average income, explanatory (independent) variables are composed of the consumer price index, employment to population ratio, Index of housing sale price, the preceding composite index, loans of housing mortgage, spending rate for care medical expense and the composite stock price index. In looking at the factors which determine the monthly average income, evidence was produced supporting the hypothesis that there is a significant positive relationship between the composite index and housing loans. The study also produced evidence supporting the view that there is a significant negative relationship between employment ratios, the house sale pricing index and spending rates for care or medical needs. The study found that the consumer price index and composite stock price index were not significant variables. The implications of these findings are discussed for further research.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.227-251
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• 2019

In early 2019, Korea passed the law that introduced data management plan policy similar to those adopted by national funding agencies in other countries. In anticipation of developing research data infrastructure and support services, this study analyzed Australia's relevant policies and policy instruments. A number of face-to-face interviews with the experts at the national funding agency, a national research data agency and a number of research libraries, along with focused literature analysis. In Australia, the 2015 Public Data Policy is applied to research data from publicly funded research. Research data management and sharing is recommended but not required by the national funding agency it its policy documents. Australian National Data Service(ANDS), Australia's national research data agency, is an important component of the national research infrastructure. ANDS plays a wide range of roles including research data platform development, education and training, policy support, and funding agency for small-scale R&D. Some of the Australian research libraries have developed in-house systems for research data storage and publishing. However, there is no significant demand for research data service as yet. Lessons learned include the following: ensuring transparency and predictability of research data policies, establishing a dedicated agency responsible for research data platform development and training, and cultivating data capabilities at research libraries.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2016

The turbine is an important component and has a significant impact on the thermodynamic efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle. A precise preliminary design is essential to developing efficient turbines. In addition, performance analysis and structural analysis are needed to evaluate the performance and structural safety. However, there are only a few exclusive studies on the development process of the radial inflow turbines for the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). In this study, a preliminary design of the ORC radial inflow turbine was performed. Subsequently, the performance and structural analysis were also carried out. The RTDM, which was developed as an in-house code, was used in the preliminary design process. The results of the performance analysis were found to be in good agreement with target performances. Structural analysis of the designed turbine was also carried out in order to determine whether the material selection for this study is suitable for the flow conditions of the designed turbine, and it was found that the selected aluminum alloy is suitable for the designed turbine. However, the reliability of the preliminary design algorithms and numerical methods should be strictly verified by an actual experimental test.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제32권2A호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2012

A cooling system is indispensable for the fossil and nuclear power plants which produce electricity by rotating the turbines with hot steam. A cycle of the typical cooling system includes pumping of seawater at the intake pump house, exchange of heat at the condenser, and discharge of hot water to the sea. The cooling type of the nuclear power plants in Korea recently evolves from the conventional surface intake/discharge systems to the submerged intake/discharge systems that minimize effectively an intake temperature rise of the existing plants and that are beneficial to the marine environment by reducing the high temperature region with an intensive dilution due to a high velocity jet and density differential at the mixing zone. It is highly anticipated that the future nuclear power plants in Korea will accommodate the submerged cooling system in credit of supplying the lower temperature water in the summer season. This study investigates the approach flow patterns at the velocity caps and discharge flow patterns from diffusers using the 3-D computational fluid dynamics code of $FLOW-3D^{(R)}$. The approach flow test has been conducted at the velocity caps with and without a cap. The discharge flow from the diffuser was simulated for the single-port diffuser and multi-ports diffuser. The flow characteristics to the velocity cap with a cap demonstrate that fish entrainment can significantly be minimized on account of the low vertical flow component around the cap. The flow pattern around the diffuser is well agreed with the schematic diagram by Jirka and Harleman.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2016

In high-latitude regions, temperature has risen ($0.6^{\circ}C$ per decade) and this leads to the increase in microbial degradability against soil organic carbon (SOC). Furthermore, the decomposed SOC is converted into green-house gases ($CO_2$ and $CH_4$) and their release could further increase the rate of climate change. Thus, understanding the microbial diversity and their functions linked with SOC degradation in soil-thawing model is necessary. In this study, we divided tundra soil from Council, Alaska into two depth regions (30-40 cm and 50-60 cm of depth, designated as SPF and PF, respectively) and incubated that for 108 days at $0^{\circ}C$. A total of 111,804 reads were obtained through a pyrosequencing-based metagenomic study during the microcosm experiments, and 574-1,128 of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 30-57 of archaeal OTUs were observed. Taxonomic analysis showed that the distribution of bacterial taxa was significantly different between two samples. In detail, the relative abundance of phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes largely increased in SPF and PF soil, respectively, while phyla Crenarchaeota was increased in both soil samples. Weight measurement and gel permeation chromatography of the SOC extracts demonstrated that polymerization of humic acids, main component of SOC, occurred during the microcosm experiments. Taken together our results indicate that these bacterial and archaeal phyla could play a key function in SOC degradation and utilization in cold tundra soil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.160-163
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• 1998

In this study, the compostable household wastes from a house were composted in a home composter without adding any bulking agent and microorganisms. Every day wastes of 1kg were added to the composter during the experimental period. The following results were obtained : 1. Each component of the compostable household wastes generated every day showed very difference. 2. While composting proceeded at room temperature by suppling 1,1322 l air per hour, the composting material maintained the water content of 74.36 ${\sim}$ 85.14%, whereas while composting proceeded at $45^{\circ}C$ by suppling 427 l air per hour, the compost had optimal water content. The electric power of 132kwh a month was required by operating the composting unit at $45^{\circ}C$. 3. During 20 day, decomposition of 28% at room temperature and 44% at $45^{\circ}C$ were obtained respectively. 4. The accumulation of inorganic compound contents were not shown during the composting period, However, the content of salt and Cd was very high. Therefore, using the compost for agriculture has to be careful. 5. The biofilter removed the odorous substants efficiently at the room temperature due to increasing surface loading.

• Resources Recycling
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2013

This study was carried out to estimate greenhouse gas reduction potentials under treatment methods of combustible wastes excavated from closed landfill. The treatment methods of solid wastes were landfilling, incineration, and production of solid recovery fuel. The greenhouse gas reduction potentials were calculated using the default emission factor presented by IPCC G/L method of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). The composition of excavated waste represented that screened soil was the highest (65.96%), followed by vinyl/plastic (19.18%). This means its own component is similar to the other excavated waste from unsanitary landfill sites. Additionally, its bulk density was 0.74 $t/m^3$. In case of landfilling of excavated waste, greenhouse gas emission quantity was 60,542 $tCO_2$. In case of incineration of excavated waste, greenhouse gas emission quantity was 9,933 $tCO_2$. However, solid recovery fuel from excavated waste reduced 33,738 $tCO_2$ of the greenhouse gas emission quantity. Therefore, solid recovery fuel production is helpful to reduce of greenhouse gas emission.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify characteristics of spatial structure of Jiangnan water town in China which has been developed along the water channel. Spatial structural characteristics of the water town, Wuzhen and Nanxun in Zhejiang Province are as follows. First, location of town, spatial framework, lot division, and architectural style get determined by the water channel. The water channel is constructed in cross shape, T-shape, or in combination. Secondly, public space of water town is established along main water channel. Visually and functionally alternating private buildings are established on the water channel side and they are creating unique landscape of Jiangnan water town in overall harmony. Thirdly, residential area is established on the east-west water channel side with southward sunny-faced arrangement and waterside residence is in introvert spatial structure with courtyard but the exterior space is connected with water channel intimately. Fourthly, various spatial components along the water channel enrich the sense of place in water town. The components are corridor with roof, tea house, waterside steps, waterside theater and watergate etc. Uniqueness of place is becoming the core competence in modern townscape. In this aspect, Jiangnan water town with historical and cultural accumulation is suggesting a significant implication. Major implications are as follows. First, promotion of proximity to the water is the basic value that the spatial plan of waterfront needs to pursue. Secondly, mixed use is essential for effective land use and revitalization of waterfront. Thirdly, waterfront plan based on the local uniqueness as the place asset is being required.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.142-154
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• 2023

As the importance of the environment has been recognized worldwide, the need to calculate and reduce carbon emissions has been drawing an increasing attention throughout various industrial sections. Thereby the discipline of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) involving raw material preparation, production processes, transportation and installation has been established. There is a clear research gap between the need and the practice for Korean Case of renewable energy industry, particularly wind power. To bridge the gap, this study conducted LCA research on wind power generation in the Korean area of Yeongdeok, an example of a domestic onshor wind power complex using SimaPro, which is the most widely used LCA system. As a result of the study, the energy recovery period (EPT) of one wind turbine is about 10 months, and the GHG emitted to generate power of 1 kwh is 15 g CO₂/kWh, which is competitive compared to other energy sources. In the environmental impact assessment by component, the results showed that the tower of wind turbines had the greatest impact on various environmental impact sectors. The experience gained in this study can be further used in strengthening the introduction of renewable energy and reducing the carbon emission in line with reducing climate change.