• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.267-270
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• 2010

This study was carried out to manufacture black charcoal board from domestic wood waste by using serum protein adhesive which is natural, environment-friendly and human-friendly. For the preparation of the serum protein adhesive, pig blood from slaughterhouse was centrifuged and serum was separated from corpuscles and concentrated to 30% by dry weight basis. The particle size of charcoal from domestic wood waste for this study was #6-60. Hot pressing schedule was $170^{\circ}C$ and 40kgf/$cm^2$ (1 min)-10kgf/$cm^2$ (2.5 min)-40kgf/$cm^2$ (5 min). The black charcoal board made by the addition of 13% serum protein adhesive on dry weight basis gave 41.76kgf/$cm^2$ of bending strength, 8.12kgf/$cm^2$ of internal bonding strength, and excellent gas adsorption and workability.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.375-381
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• 2002

N-type ${\beta}-FeSi_2$ with a nominal composition of $Fe_{0.98}Co_{0.02}Si_2$ powders has been produced by mechanical alloying process and consolidated by vacuum hot pressing. As-milled powders were of metastable state and fully transformed to ${\beta}-FeSi_2$ phase by subsequent isothermal annealing. However, as-consolidated $Fe_{0.98}Co_{0.02}Si_2$ consisted of untransformed mixture of ${\alpha}-Fe_2Si_ 5$ and $\varepsilon$-FeSi phases. Isothermal annealing has been carried out to induce the transformation to a thermoelectric semiconducting ${\beta}-FeSi_2$ phase. The transformation behavior of ${\beta}-FeSi_2$ was investigated by utilizing DTA, a modified TGA under magnetic field, SEM, and XRD analyses. Isothermal annealing at $830^{\circ}C$ in vacuum led to the thermoelectric semiconducting ${\beta}-FeSi_2$ phase transformation, but some residual metallic $\alpha$ and $\varepsilon$ phases were unavoidable even after prolonged annealing. Thermoelectric properties were remarkably improved by isothermal annealing due to the transformation from metallic $\alpha$ and $\varepsilon$ phases to semiconducting phases.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.799-807
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• 1990

In this study, effects of oxide additives on mechanical properties and microstructure of A1N and A1N polytype ceramics were investigated. Fine A1N powder was synthesized by nitriding alumiuim hydroxide prepared from Al-isopropoxide, at 1350$^{\circ}C$ for 10h in N2 atmosphere. By adding 3w/o Y2O3, 0.56w/o CaO, and 10w/o SiO2 to AlN powder, AlN and AlN polytype ceramics were prepared by hot-pressing under the pressure of 30 MPa at 1800$^{\circ}C$ for 1h. AlN ceramics with no additives formed considerable amount of AlON phase, while AlN ceramics doped with Y2O3 or CaO decreased AlON phase and formed Y-Al or Ca-Al oxide compound. AlN＋10w/o SiO2(＋3w/o Y2O3) composition produced AlON and AlN polytype compound having 21R as a major phase. Room temperature flexural strength of AlN ceramics with no additive was 246MPa, and room temperature flexural strength and critical temperature difference by thermal shock(ΔTc) of AlN ceramics dooped with Y2O3 or CaO were 532MPa/340$^{\circ}C$ and 423MPa/300$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Y2O3 and CaO used as sintering agent played roles of densification and oxygen removal of AlN ceramics, and affected grain growth/grain morphologies of AlN ceramics.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.191-193
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• 2004

The composites were fabricated, respectively, using 61vol.% SiC-39vol.% $TiB_2$ and using 61vol.% SiC-39vol.% $ZrB_2$ powders with the liquid forming additives of 12wt% $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ by hot pressing annealing at $1650^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours. Reactions between SiC and transition metal $TiB_2$, $ZrB_2$ were not observed in this microstructure. The result of phase analysis of composites by XRD revealed SiC(6H, 3C), $TiB_2$, $ZrB_2$ and $YAG(Al_5Y_3O_{12})$ crystal phase on the SiC-$TiB_2$, and SiC-$ZrB_2$ composites. The ${\beta}\;{\alpha}$-SiC phase transformation was occurred on the $SiC-TiB_2$, $SiC-ZrB_2$ composites. The relative density, the flexural strength and Young's modulus showed respectively value of 98.57%, 226.06Mpa and $86.37{\times}10^3Mpa$ in SiC-$ZrB_2$ composites.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2000

NiAl alloy powders were prepared by mechanical alloying method and bulk specimens were produced using hot isostatic pressing techniques. This study focused on the transformation behavior and properties of Ni-Al mechanically alloyed powders and bulk alloys. Transformation behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), XRD and TEM. Particle size distribution and microstructures of mechanically alloyed powders were studied by particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). After 10 hours milling, XRB peak broadening appeared at the alloyed powders with compositions of Ni-36at%Al to 40at%Al. The NiAl and $Ni_3Al$ intermetallic compounds were formed after water quenching of solution treated powders and bulk samples at $1200^{\circ}C$, but the martensite phase was observed after liquid nitrogen quenching of solution treated powders. However, the formation of $Ni_3Al$ intermetallic compounds were not restricted by fast quenching into liquid nitrogen. It is considered to be caused by fast diffusion of atoms for the formation of stable $\beta$(NiAl) phase and $Ni_3Al$ due to nano sized grains during quenching. Amounts of martensite phase increased as the composition of aluminium component decreased in the Ni-Al alloy, which resulted in the increasing damping properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.665-666
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• 2006

Undoped $CoSb_3$ powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) of elemental powders using a nominal stoichiometric composition. Nano-structured, single-phase skutterudite $CoSb_3$ was successfully produced by vacuum hot pressing (VHP) using MA powders without subsequent annealing. Phase transformations during synthesis were investigated using XRD, and microstructure was observed using SEM and TEM. Thermoelectric properties in terms of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and figure of merit(ZT) were systematically measured and compared with the results of analogous studies. Lattice thermal conductivity was reduced owing to increasing phone scattering in nano-structured MA $CoSb_3$, leading to enhancement in the thermoelectric figure of merit. MA associated with VHP technique offers an alternative potential processing route for the process of skutterudite.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.331-339
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• 2021

Environmental barrier coatings(EBCs) are applied to the SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites(CMCs) in order to protect CMCs from being corroded with water vapor by combustion gas in gas turbine engines. Ytterbium silicates, such as ytterbium monosilicate and ytterbium disilicate, are ones of the candidate materials for EBCs due to their excellent resistance to water vapor corrosion as well as thermal-expansion match with SiC. In this study, ytterbium silicates are fabricated with 2-step solid-state synthesis targeting ytterbium disilicate. After synthesizing ytterbium monosilicate, the mixtures of ytterbium monosilicate and SiO₂ are heat-treated and densified by using pressureless sintering or hot pressing with a variety of heating conditions. The phase formation, thermal expansion, and oxidation behavior are examined with fabricated specimens. The final densified bodies are found to be composites between ytterbium monosilicate and ytterbium disilicate with different ratios, which results in 4.43 to 6.72×10^-6/K range of coefficients of thermal expansion. The probability of these ytterbium silicates for EBC applications is also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.277-281
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• 2019

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of adhesive types on dimensional stability of bamboo-oriented particleboard. The materials used in this research are bamboo tali(Gigantochloa apus J.A & J.H. Schult. Kurz), UF/MDI(8, 10, 12 % level), and MF, MDI, and PF at 7 % level. Particle and adhesive are mixed using a blending machine; then, mat forming and hot pressing processes are performed using adhesive-suitable temperature and time references. MDI resin is set at $160^{\circ}C$ temperature for 5 minutes. PF resin and MF resin are pressed at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, and $140^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, respectively, while UF/MDI sets at temperature of $140^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes. The results show that particleboard using PF resin produces the lowest thickness swelling value. The particleboard using UF/MDI resin also produces good response for thickness swelling value. Interesting things happen in that UF/MDI adhesive produces a thickness swelling value better than that of MDI resin. FTIR analysis on particleboard bonded by UF/MDI resin combination shows the presence of carbonyl group C=O vibration on multi substitution of urea at wave number of around $1,700cm^{-1}$.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.375-380
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• 2021

In this study, we investigate the effect of the duration of mechanical alloying on the microstructures and mechanical properties of ODS ferritic/martensitic steel. The Fe(bal.)-10Cr-1Mo pre-alloyed powder and Y₂O₃ powder are mechanically alloyed for the different mechanical alloying duration (0 to 40 h) and then constantly fabricated using a uniaxial hot pressing process. Upon increasing the mechanical alloying time, the average powder diameter and crystallite size increased dramatically. In the initial stages within 5 h of mechanical alloying, inhomogeneous grain morphology is observed along with coarsened carbide and oxide distributions; thus, precipitate phases are temporarily observed between the two powders because of insufficient collision energy to get fragmented. After 40 h of the MA process, however, fine martensitic grains and uniformly distributed oxide particles are observed. This led to a favorable tensile strength and elongation at room temperature and 650℃.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.445-449
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• 2021

Zintl compound Mg₃Sb₂ is a promising candidate for efficient thermoelectric material due to its small band gap energy and characteristic electron-crystal phonon-glass behavior. Furthermore, this compound enables fine tuning of carrier concentration via chemical doping for optimizing thermoelectric performance. In this study, nominal compositions of Mg_3.8Sb_2-xTe_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03) are synthesized through controlled melting and subsequent vacuum hot pressing method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are carried out to investigate phase development and surface morphology during the process. It should be noted that 16 at. % of excessive Mg must be added to the system to compensate for the loss of Mg during melting process. Herein, thermoelectric properties such as Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity are evaluated from low to high temperature regimes. The results show that Te substitution at Sb sites effectively tunes the majority carriers from holes to electrons, resulting in a transition from p to n-type. At 873 K, a peak ZT value of 0.27 is found for the specimen Mg_3.8Sb_1.99Te_0.01, indicating an improved ZT value over the intrinsic value.