• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.136-148
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• 1998

This study was conducted to provide basic knowledge of effective environmental control of patients with allergic rhinitis during the period of July to December 1995. The subjects were consisted of 29 patients with allergic rhinitis. Each patient of nasal symptom scores assessed and dust samples drowned from their bedrooms twice for 1 month interval. The data. 58 samples were analyzed by using ANOVA. t-test and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows 1. Out of a total 52 dust samples $(89.7\%)$ were isolated house mites. Total 815mites/0.5gm dust were collected and identified the most prevalent house mites was Pyroglypidae mite with $81.1\%$ 2. The amount of house dust mites in the group of bedding laundry with hot water was significantly lower than that those of with cold water. 3. The nasal symptoms of the patients in the group of bedding laundry with hot water was significantly less than that those of with cold water. and also those of using large size bedroom was significantly lower than that those of using small size one. The nasal symptoms of the patients was closely associated with the washing water temperature. bedroom size. bedroom temperature. type of bedclothes, and frequency of cleanig room.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.46.1-46.1
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• 2017

Late-type galaxies falling into a cluster would evolve being influenced by the interactions with both the cluster and the nearby cluster member galaxies. Most numerical studies, however, tend to focus on the effects of the former with little work done on those of the later. We thus perform numerical study on the evolution of a late-type galaxy falling radially toward the cluster center interacting with neighbouring early-type galaxies, using N-body, hydrodynamical simulations. Based on the information about the typical galaxy encounters obtained by using the galaxy catalog of Coma cluster, we run the simulations for the cases where a Milky Way Galaxy-like late-type galaxy, flying either edge-on or face-on, experiences six consecutive collisions with twice more massive early-type galaxies having hot gas in their halos. Our simulations show that the evolution of the late-type galaxy can be significantly affected by the high-speed multiple collisions with the early-type galaxies, such as on the cold gas content and the star formation activity, particularly through the hydrodynamic interactions between the cold disk and the hot gas halos. By comparing our simulation results with those of others, we claim that the role of the galaxy-galaxy interactions on the evolution of late-type galaxies in clusters could be comparable with that of the galaxy-cluster interactions, depending on the dynamical history.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.108-116
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• 2001

The vortex tube is a simple device which separates fluid stream into a cold stream and a hot stream without any chemical reaction. The process of energy separation in the vortex tube has caused a great deal of interest. Although many studies on energy separation in the vortex tube using air as the working fluid have been made so far, few experimental studies treated energy separation for incompressible fluid. So, an experimental study for the energy separation in the vortex tube using the water which is essentially an incompressible fluid is presented. When working fluid is the water, the best geometric values of nozzle area ratio and number of nozzle holes are 0.155, 6 respectively. These geometric values are showed by the similar values which are presented by compressible fluid as working fluid. But hot side mass fraction of which maximum temperature drop is happened are different from compressible fluid.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2008

Hot-water($100^{\circ}C$) and cold-water($4^{\circ}C$) extracts of Taraxacum officinale root were assessed for the effects of innate and adaptive immune responses in mice. Hot water extracts(TO-100) and cold water extracts(TO-4) did not affect the viability of macrophages at concentrations below to 18 mg/ml and 8 mg/ml, respectively. The thioglycollate-induced macrophages cultured with TO-100 and TO-4 produced a significantly higher quantity of various cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-12, than those treated with medium. This shows that the extracts potently stimulated the innate immune response. When mice were subcutaneously immunized(sc) with OVA+FIA(Freund's incomplete adjuvant)-emulsified TO-100, TO-100 did not affect the production of IgE, but enhanced the production of IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b. The culture supernatant obtained from the splenocytes of mice treated with OVA+FIA-emulsified TO-100 also evidenced elevated levels of both OVA-specific Th1-type(IFN-$\gamma$) and Th2-type cytokines(IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10). These results suggested that TO-100 can modulate the immune responses to allergens in mice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.376-384
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• 2016

Systems biology is an emerging field aiming at a systems level understanding of living organisms and focusing on the characteristics of the whole network of them. The emergence of systems biology is partly because of the availability of huge amounts of data on organisms and the extensive support of computational technologies as the tools for understanding complex biological systems. The scientific understanding of Korean medicine has been obstructed because of the lack of proper methods examining the complex nature and the unique property of it. However, systems biology could give a chance understanding Korean medicine objectively and scientifically. Pattern classification is a unique tool of Korean medicine to diagnose and treat patients and systems biology would give a useful tool to interpret pattern classification. Various omics technologies has been used to explain the relations between pattern classification and biological factors and then many characteristics of pattern classification in various diseases have been discovered. Therefore, pattern classification could be a bridge to understand the features and differences of western medicine and Korean medicine and it could be a basis to develop pattern-based personalized medicine.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.111-120
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to present the design methods about manifold location being installed and size and to draw out the proper piping size as comparing the fluctuation of discharge with manifold size and residence size through the piping network analysis, when using the same faucet in accordance. The findings are summarized as follows, 1) an appropriate header main body pipe diameter was deemed to be $32{\sim}50\;mm$. 2) the research presented design measures for the application of appropriate water supply inlet pipe diameters according to residential buildings with various sizes. 3) the header direct branch piping method is ideal for small and medium-sized residential complexes, and the header branching and semi header methods are deemed to be more favorable for large residential complexes. 4) this study offered design measures for appropriate header system main body pipe diameters, water supply inlet pipe diameters, header system piping methods, application methods for functional auxiliary equipment units, and header system installation spaces and location.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.448-453
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• 2005

Temperature Control Valve (TCV) is one of the useful temperature control devices, which is used to control constant temperature of working fluid in power and chemical plants and domestic water supply systems. TCV is composed of body, cylinder and piston, and the body shape has a symmetrical H-type. In general, it has several inlet and outlet holes, and its shape is like as tubular sleeve. The piston has three rings two rings of the end of piston have the function of controlling inlet flow rate with hot and cold working fluids, the center ring has the function of preventing hot and cold water from intermixing. Consequently, the shapes of piston and cylinder are the main design parameters in the performance of TCV. In this study, numerical analyses were carried out with two different piston and cylinder shapes to investigate the functions as a temperature control valve and the flow characteristics according to piston opening grade in TCV. Using a commercial code, FLUENT, velocity and pressure fields in TCV are obtained under steady, standard $k -{\epsilon}$ turbulence model and no-slip condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 1997

The effect of alloying elements, precipitate size, its distribution, and dislocation substructure resulted from warm rolling or cold rolling in the superplastic Al-Mg alloy system was investigated. One of the major requirements for fine structure superplasticity is that the grain size should be very small. Fine grain structure is controlled by the dislocation substructure and the dynamic recrystallization during hot or warm working. The recovery of Al-Mg base alloys was constrained resulting in relatively high dislocation density when the alloys were warm rolled. In particular, Al-Mg-Zr alloy exhibited the smallest sub-grain size among Al-Mg alloys containing Mn, Cu, Zr as a third element. The Al-Mg-Mn alloy cold rolled 80% after hot rolling showed the maximun strain rate sensitivity exponent, m, of 0.75 under strain rate of $7.1{\times}10^{-4}/s$ at $500^{\circ}C$. The elongation of the alloys was limited in spite of high m values due to large dispersoids containing appreciable amount of Fe impurities.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2005

This study is the survey of a transition procedure of building services systems(heat source, HVAC, water supply) through the survey of existing office buildings, building design documents. The preference & major consideration of system selection is the engineer's opinions. The results of this survey can be used in selection of building services system design. In this survey, "Hot & cold water generator system" and "single duct CAV+FCU system", "Elevated water tank system" are selected. The most important consideration in system selection is the energy saving in heat source system, and comfort in HVAC system, and water pressure in water supply system. They prefer "steam boiler+absorption chiller system" for heat source system, "steam boiler+ice thermal storage system", "hot & cold water generator system", "district heating+absorption chiller system" : "single duct CAV+FCU system" and "single duct VAV+convector system" for HVAC system: and "booster pump system" for water supply system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1996

In this paper, an unsteady analytical model for the thermal stratification in the pressurizer surge line of PWR plant has been proposed to investigate the temperature profile, flow characteristics, and thermal stress in the pipe. In this model, the interface level, between hot and cold fluid, is assumed to be a function of time while the other models had developed for time independent or steady state. The dimensionless governing equations are solved by using a SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm. The analysis result for an example shows that the maximum dimensionless temperature difference is about 0.78 between hot and cold sections of pipe wall and the maximum thermal stress by thermal stratification is calculated about 276 MPa at the dimensionless time 27.0 under given conditions.