• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

This study aimed to understand the importance of applying finishing materials into interior space, and to add meaning to the creation of functional space, associated interior finishing materials with brain science. To achieve this purpose, brainwave(EEG) experiment was conducted. The brainwave appearing when sensing the surface of interior finishing materials with hands was measured. The locations of the electrode were FP1, FP2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2, F7, F8, T3, T4, T5, T6, CZ, FZ, and PZ and in addition to these, AFZ was added. Eight(8) kinds of finishing materials: metallic material, film paper, lumbar, stone, glass, silk wallpaper, fabric, and paint were used to measure '${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$ wave.' As a result, it was found that the most activated finishing material in term of relaxation was film paper, followed by metallic, glass, paint, fabric, stone, lumbar, and silk wallpaper. To explain in light of this, (1) '${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$ wave' was the most activated at ch1-FP1 and ch2-FP2, and at ch17-AFZ and ch19-FZ, which indicated that metopic-prefrontal lobe showed the highest activation in relaxation. Film paper, among the finishing materials, showed the highest increase in relaxation. (2) In general, '${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$ wave' relaxation was inhibited at ch13-T3 and ch14-T4, and at ch15-T5 and ch16-T6 and the arousal in the temporal lobe was prominent. Silk wallpaper, among the finishing materials, showed the highest arounsal effect. As a result of measuring the superficial touch on the silk wallpaper, which was regarded as the most rough material among the eight finishing materials, the arousal effect of ${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$-wave, among the brainwave characteristics, was found to be the highest. (3) to judge from the scope of this experiment regarding the tactile sensation over the finishing materials, it is considered that the brainwave reaction sometimes appeared contrastive depending on whether the surface was smooth or rough and there also appeared a difference in relaxation and arousal reaction of the brainwave depending on whether the surface was hot or cold, but the sensation on the surface texture was often evaluated differently depending on who you were. For this reason, this study has some limitations.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.935-942
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 내부에 고온의 원형 실린더가 위치한 저온의 기울어진 사각 밀폐계에서 Prandtl 수 변화에 따른 밀폐계 내부 자연대류 현상에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. Rayleigh 수가 $10^3$, $10^4$, $10^5$ 그리고 밀폐계의 각도가 $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ 인 경우에 대해서 Prandtl 수를 0.1, 0.7, 7 로 변화시키며 Prandtl 수의 영향을 분석하였다. Prandtl 수의 변화에 따른 밀폐계 내부의 자연대류 현상은 실린더 표면과 밀폐계 벽면의 평균 Nusselt 수, 밀폐계 내부의 등온선 및 유선을 바탕으로 분석되었다. Prandtl 수가 0.7, 7 인 경우에는 각도 및 Rayleigh 수에 관계없이 열유동은 정상상태의 특성을 보였지만 Prandtl 수가 0.1 인 경우에는 Rayleigh 수가 $10^5$ 이고 밀폐계의 각도가 $0^{\circ}$ 와 $45^{\circ}$ 일 때 시간에 따라 열유동장이 변하였다. 실린더 표면과 밀폐계 벽면의 평균 Nusselt 수는 Rayleigh 수가 $10^5$ 인 경우, 각도에 관계없이 Prandtl 수가 클수록 증가하였다. 특히 Rayleigh 수가 $10^5$ 이고 Prandtl 수가 0.1 일 때 밀폐계의 각도가 $45^{\circ}$ 인 경우 실린더 표면과 밀폐계 벽면의 평균 Nusselt 수가 크게 증가하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1982

113 patients with nodular goiter were studied cytologically by needle aspiration for differential diagnosis at the department of internal medicine, Chung Nam National University Hospital since October 1980 till July 1981, and the final diagnosis taken from biopsies were compared with the cytologic method on the 44 cases who received operation. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Among the 113 cases of total patients, male were 15 cases (13.3%) and female were 98 cases (86.7%) and the sex ratio (M:F) was 1 : 6.5. The peak age incidence was in the third decade followed by forth and second decades. 2. The findings of cytological diagnosis in 113 cases showed benign adenoma in 69 cases (61.1 %), Subacute and chronic thyroiditis in 22 cases(19.5%), papillary carcinoma in 15 cases (13.3%) and follicular carcinoma in 7 cases (6.2%), respectively, and 48 cases (69.6%) of the.adenomas and 2 cases(9.1%) of papillary carcinomas showed combined cystic degeneration of the nodules. 3. The diameter of the nodules by palpation revealed within $2\sim5cm$ in 88 cases (77.9%) out of 113 cases, below 2 cm in 17 cases and over 5cm in 8 cases and there were no significant relationship between the size of the nodule and disease entity. 4. The findings of thyroid scintigram using $^{131}I$ in 113 cases of nodular goiter showed "cold nodule" in 111 cases (98.2%) and normal scan (radioactivity) in 2 cases (1.8%) which showed adenoma in cytology and there was no cases with "hot nodule". 5. The thyroid functions of the 113 cases revealed as euthyroidism in 108 cases (95. 6%), hypothyroidism in 2 cases (1.8%) who showed chronic thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism in 3 cases (2.7%) in adenomas but there was no evidence that the nodules of the above 3 cases were the reason of hyperthyroidism. 6. In 44 operated cases, the histological diagnosis revealed 23 cases of adenoma out of 27 cases(85.2%) who were diagnosed as adenoma by cytology and 15 cases of malignancy out of 17 cases (88.2 %), and the overall diagnostic accuracy of aspiration cytology was 86.4 %.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

최근 들어 가정용 공조기가 겨울철에 히트 펌프로도 사용된다. 이 때 실외기는 저온의 외기와 열전달을 하며 관내의 냉매를 증발시킨다. 반면 여름철에 냉방기로 사용될 경우 실외기는 고온의 외기와 열전달을 통해 관 내의 냉매를 응축시킨다. 즉, 동일한 열교환기가 여름철에는 응축기로, 겨울철에는 증발기로 사용되고 외기 조건도 겨울철의 저온에서 여름철의 고온까지 넓은 범위에 놓이게 된다. 본 연구에서는 표준 설계 온도 조건에서 얻어진 j와 f 인자가 저온 운전 시에도 무리없이 적용 가능한지를 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 이를 위하여 2열 루버 핀-관 열교환기에 대하여 외기 온도를 변화시키며 일련의 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 관 내측의 브라인의 유량이 미치는 영향도 살펴보았다. 실험 결과 외기의 온도 변화가 j와 f 인자에 미치는 영향은 무시할 만 하였다. 모든 j와 f 인자는 각각 9%, 3% 내에서 일치하였다. 따라서 표준 조건에서 얻어진 j와 f 인자를 저온 조건에 사용하여도 무리가 없다고 판단된다. 또한 관 내측 유량 변화가 j와 f 인자에 미치는 영향이 미미한 것으로 미루어 관 내측 상관식의 적용이 적절하다고 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.530-545
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate by spectrophotometry the changes in color parameters of composite resins after exposure to distilled water, filtered coffee, and artificial saliva. Five kinds of fine particle composite resin in experiment 1, and six kinds of composite resin in experiment 2 were used. In experiment 1, each group of composite resin was stored in distilled water at $4^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, and filtered coffee solution at $4^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$. And then each specimen was measured by spectrophotometer. Measurements were repeated in 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. In experiment 2, all specimens of each brand were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$, artificial saliva not contained mucin at $37^{\circ}C$, and artificial saliva contained mucin at $37^{\circ}C$. All specimens of each brand were measured by spectrophotormeter in 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and up to 12 weeks. The results were as follows : 1. In cold coffee, five of fine particle composite resins showed ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values less than 2. However, in hot coffee ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values of Amelogen Universal and Prisma TPH were higher than those of Conquest Crystal, ${\AE}$litefil and Z100. 2. Z100 and ${\AE}$litefil had better cleansibility of extrinsic coffee staining than Amelogen Universal, Conquest Crystal and Prisma TPH. 3. In distilled water and artificial saliva not contained mucin, five of fine particle composite resin showed ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values less than 2 up to 12 weeks. However, Silux Plus showed higher than ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values of fine particle composite resin. 4. As an immersion solution for discoloration experiment, artificial saliva not contained mucin showed similar appearance as distilled water. However, artificial saliva contained mucin had different appearance from the others. 5. In artificial saliva contained mucin, ${\AE}$litefil, Prisma TPH and Z100 showed ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values less than 1 up to 12 weeks. However, Silux Plus, Amelogen Universal and Conquest Crystal showed ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ values more than 1 up to 12 weeks. But, Conquest Crystal showed different characteristics of chromacity difference value(less chromatic) and lightness difference value(lighter) from Silux Plus and Amelogen Universal.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2011

점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae)에 대한 살비활성을 가지는 물질을 알아보기 위하여 약용식물 25과 35종의 메탄올 또는 헥산 추출물을 이용하여 잎 침지법과 살포법으로 실내와 pot, 야외에서 실험을 수행하였다. 살비활성은 약용식물 종류별로 차이를 보였다. 강남콩(Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis) 잎을 1,000 ppm 농도의 추출물에 1분간 침지한 후 점박이응애에 대한 치사율을 조사한 결과, 비자나무(Torreya nucifera) 열매 추출물과 팥꽃나무(Daphne genkwa)와 도꼬마리(Xanthium strumarium), 나팔꽃(Pharbitis nil) 씨앗 추출물이 각각 56.8%와 47.8, 47.7, 47.7%의 살비활성을 나타내었다. 잎 침지시간을 30초로 단축시켜 점박이응애에 대한 살비효과검정 시는 1분 침지에 비하여 효과가 감소하였고, 나팔꽃과 도꼬마리의 살비 활성이 가장 높았다. 도꼬마리와 나팔꽃 씨앗 헥산 추출물의 반수치사농도는 각각 1,824 ppm과 1,899 ppm이었다. 두 식물의 1,000 ppm 온수 및 냉수 추출물은 점박이응애에 대한 살비효과가 20% 이하로 낮았다. Pot의 강낭콩에 점박이응애를 접종한 후 분무법으로 추출물을 1,000 ppm 농도로 살포한 결과 도꼬마리와 나팔꽃 씨앗 헥산추출물은 각각 76.3과 71.3%의 높은 살비활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 온실에서 국화의 점박이응애를 대상으로 나팔꽃 씨앗 헥산 추출물을 2,000 ppm과 1,000 ppm으로 처리 시에는 50.8%와 35.1%의 방제가를 보였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.132-143
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on Korean medical research and treatment through analysis of breast cancer patients, who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university Korean medicine hospital. Methods: To analyze characteristics of breast cancer patients who visited korean medicine hospital, we searched medical records from January 1, 2016 to May 13, 2019, and 86 breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results: 1. The general characteristics of the subjects are as follows. The average age was $47.65{\pm}9.62years$ and 40's was the most (46.51%). The average height was $159.78{\pm}4.91cm$ and the average weight was $57.29{\pm}9.34kg$. The average body mass index (BMI) of the patients was $22.40{\pm}3.50kg/m^2$. 2. The stage distribution record indicated stage０ (9.72%), stageI (31.94%), stageII (34.72%), stageIII (20.83%) and stageIV (2.78%). 14 patients with unknown stage were excluded. 3. Before coming to the korean medicine hospital, of the 86 patients, 72 (83.72%) patients received surgical therapy, 55 (63.95%) patients received chemotherapy and 44 (51.16%) patients received radiotherapy. 11 (12.79%) patients chose oriental medicine as their primary treatment option. 4. The mean duration from diagnosis to hospital visit was $13.87{\pm}15.53months$. Among the total 86 patients, 46 (53.49%) patients visited for symptom relief during the follow-up period. 5. The most common symptom was general weakness in 29 (33.72%) patients, followed by hot flash, myalgia, insomnia, digestion disorder, numbness, edema, arthralgia, operation site pain, cold sensation and mastalgia. 6. Among 86 patients, 55 (63.95%) patients received acupuncture and moxibustion together. The most prescribed herbal medicine to subjects was Sibjeondaebo-tang-gamibang and Cheonhye-dan (25%). Conclusions: These results could be helpful to provide basic data on the Korean medical approach of breast cancer patients.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1010-1013
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• 2009

농촌의 청년들이 대도시로 대거 진출하여 농촌에 남아 생산에 종사하는 인력의 대부분이 노년층이 되어 온 것이 오래전부터의 일이다. 이들 노년층에게 있어서 가축에게 사료를 주는 일보다는 오히려 축사의 배설물을 치우는 일이 힘겨운 일이기 때문에 무엇보다 이부분의 자동화가 필요하다고 본다. 따라서 우리는 가축들의 폐사를 줄이기 위하여 축사의 배설물을 청소할 수 있고 혹한기와 혹서기 때 급격한 온도변화에 빠르게 대응할 수 있는 자동화시스템을 개발해 왔다. 시스템의 동작 환경을 원격지에서 모니터링 하기위하여 CCD 카메라를 이용하여 실시간으로 감시할 수 있는 시스템도 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 이동 중에 축사 자동화 시스템을 제어할 수 있도록 PDA를 이용한 원격제어 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안 시스템은 사용자가 이동하고 있는 동안에 PDA 화면을 이용하여 제어 및 모니터링이 가능하도록 구현하였다. 또한 화재 및 외부로부터의 침입이 있을 경우 경고를 보내 도난을 방지하기 위한 보안시스템도 추가하였으며 도난 및 화재 등 비상시에 상황을 실시간으로 모바일을 이용하여 문자전송을 받을 수 있도록 구현하였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between vasomotor symptoms with upper-lower body temperature differences, and to identify Kidney Deficiency pattern (腎虛證) in menopausal women. Methods: 51 women who visited Kangnam Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital from July to December, 2013 were analyzed. The experimental group consisted of 30 patients reported with vasomotor symptoms (Vasomotor symptom group, VG), while the control group consisted of 21 patients without vasomotor symptoms (Control group, CG). According to their chief complaints, VG was further divided into VHG (vasomotor-hot flash group) and VCG (vasomotor-cold hypersensitivity group). The temperature differences between upper and lower body part (CV17-CV4), proximal and distal extremity part (LU4-HT8, ST32-LR3) were checked. All patients reported other complaints such as headache, sweating, anxiety, dyspepsia, leukorrhea, which belong to Kidney Yang Deficiency pattern (腎陽虛證) or Kidney Yin Deficiency pattern (腎陰虛證). The relationship between vasomotor symptom and repetition rate of additional complaints were analyzed. Results: Statistical analysis showed that lower abdomen temperature of experimental group was lower than the control group. Temperature differences of upper and lower body (CV17-CV4) was significantly larger in vasomotor symptom group. VHG had more symptoms of sweating, chest discomfort, constipation, which belong to Kidney Yang Deficiency pattern group. VCG had more symptoms of leukorrhea, diarrhea, and dyspepsia, which belong to Kidney Yin Deficiency pattern group. Conclusions: Climacteric women who suffered from vasomotor symptoms showed lower temperature tendency in [CV4], larger temperature differences in [CV17-CV4] compared to the control group. Among them, VHG showed more symptoms of Kidney Yin Deficiency pattern, whereas VCG showed more symptoms of Kidney Yang Deficiency pattern.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2021

To utilize Malus pruniforia Borkh. as a functional material, cold-water (CW), hot-water (HW), and 70% ethanol (EtOH) extracts were prepared, and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were compared. The antioxidant activity of the HW extract evaluated by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP activity was significantly effective. The total polyphenol content of the HW extract was also higher by 15.5±0.7 mg GAE/g extract compared to other extracts. The EtOH extract showed significantly decreased TNF-α (39.8%), IL-6 (65.5%), and NO (34.9%) levels in RAW 264.7 cells compared to the LPS-induced control group. The levels of IL-6 (21.1%) and IL-8 (19.3%) were significantly decreased by treatment of EtOH extract in HaCaT keratinocytes induced with TNF-α and IFN-γ. The UHPLC-MS results indicated that the EtOH extract might have chlorogenic acid and phlorizin as the major compounds. This was validated using HPLC-DAD, which showed that the EtOH extract had higher levels of chlorogenic acid and phlorizin (1,185±58 and 470±10 ㎍/g extract, respectively). In conclusion, the present study suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of the EtOH extract was more effective than the CW and HW extracts, and chlorogenic acid and phlorizin could be used as indicator compounds and functional substances.