• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.253-269
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• 1999

1. Purpose We know that Sasang Constitution is decided by difference of Sung-Jung(性情). Lee je-ma emphasized that Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul(事心身物) and Sung-Jung is important key. So, this paper is to know that the characteristics of constitutional symptoms also is explained by Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul and Sung-Jung, to find sequence between Sung-Jung and symptoms. 2. Method Through the Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul, decision of Sasang constitution and physiologics of Jang-Bu(臟腑), each the inerior-exterior characteristics of constitutional symptoms were researched. 3. Results It is found that structual characteristics of interior-exterior, in-out(內外), upper-town(上下) and functional characteristics of Warm-Hot-Cool-Cold(寒熱溫凉), ascent-descent-unfast-fast(升降援束), large-small(大小) are based on Sung-Jung and the summarizing spirit Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 1988

The rate of utilization of the oak cork (bark of Quercus variabilis Blume) ranges only 40-50%. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the chemical properties of the oak cork for increasing the utility. 1) The contents of alkali extractives, organic solvent extractives and ash in the oak cork are similar to those of other barks, but hot and cold water extractives and lignin contents are lower than those of the wood. The carbohydrate (cellulose and hemicellulose) content of the oak cork is similar to that of other barks. The suberin contents in the first and the second bark of the oak cork are 34.8 and 32.2% respectively, in the dry weight. 2) Inorganic component contents of the first bark are similar to those of the second. The pH of the first and the second bark are 3.9 and 4.2%. The caloric values of the first and second bark are 6,263 Kcal/kg, and 5,828 Kcal/kg, respectively, and these caloric values are higher than those of other barks. The sclerencymatous cell content of the first bark which is related to the quality of the oak cork is lower than that of second bark, the contents of the sclerenchymatous cell and lignin show the positive correlation. 3) In the dimension of the cross sectioned cork cell, the first bark is bigger than that of the second. The shape of the cork cell is globular shape in the early bark and discoid shape in the late bark. The cross and the radial section are the same shape, but the tangential section shows difference from the other section.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the pulping and papermaking characteristics of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) leafstalk for the development of high performance paper. Anatomical and chemical properties of the lotus leafstalk were analyzed. The pulping and papermaking properties of the lotus leafstalk by conventional alkali and sulfomethylated pulping processes were also evaluated. The length and width of fibers were 0.06-3.32 mm (av. 1.23 mm) and 3.47-25.6 ${\mu}m$ (av. 20.7 ${\mu}m$), respectively. The length and width of vessel elements were 0.07-0.78 mm (av. 0.20 mm) and 14.1-330.0 ${\mu}m$ (av. 54.13 ${\mu}m$), respectively. The fiber length/fiber width ratio was 60.20. The extractives (cold water, hot water, 1% NaOH and ethanol-benzene) and lignin content of lotus leafstalk were higher than those of plant bast fiber. The contents of holocellulose, lignin, and ash were 73.8%, 24.3%, and 4.3%, respectively. The pulp yields based on pulping methods were sulfomethylated pulping av. 52%, and alkaline pulping av. 42%. The conventional alkaline pulping shows better pulp and sheet properties than the sulfomethylated pulping which was modified pulping processes. But the sulfomethylated pulping shows higher brightness than alkali pulping. In the consequence of FE-SEM observation, lotus leafstalk pulp consists of various kinds of thin walled fibers which have large amount of small pits.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.44-48
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• 1998

Scanning Electron Microscopy with Polarization Analysis (SEMPA) was used to image the surface magnetic domain structure of the 100 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thick 3% Si-Fe sheet. The thin-gauged 3% Si-Fe strips with magnetic induction ($B_{10}$) from 1.98 to 1.57 Tesla were prepared via conventional metallurgical processes including melting, hot-and cold-rolling, intermediate annealing and final annealing. Using SEMPA, it was observed that the $B_{10}$ (1.98 T) Tesla sample was almost composed of 180$^{\circ}$ stripe domains which are parallel to rolling direction. On the other hand the 3% Si-Fe sheet with $B_{10}$ (1.57 T) Tesla was composed of large 180$^{\circ}$stripe domains that are slanted about 30$^{\circ}$to the rolling direction and complex magnetic domain structures like tree and zigzag pattern. The 180$^{\circ}$stripe domains, which covered a major part of the sample, had (110)<001> Goss texture parallel to the rolling direction. The domain walls between 180$^{\circ}$stripe domains were the conventional Bloch type walls. On the other hand, the 90$^{\circ}$domains, which covered minor part on edge of the sample, were observed in (200) grains. The domain walls between 90$^{\circ}$domains were the Neel type walls. In high magnification, the elliptical singularity at the Neel walls was clearly observed.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.86-95
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• 2012

This study investigated the effects of adding a third alloying element, Ni, to create $Fe_{70-x}Pd_{30}Ni_x$ (x = 2, 4, 6, 8 at.% Ni) ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs). The Ni replaced a portion of the Fe. The $Fe_{70-x}Pd_{30}Ni_x$ alloys were homogenized through hot and cold forging to gain a ~38% reduction in thickness, next they were solution-treated (ST) with annealing recrystallization at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 8 h and quenched in ice brine, and then aged at $500^{\circ}C$ for 100 h. Investigation of the microstructures and magnetostriction indicated that the greater Ni amount in the $Fe_{70-x}Pd_{30}Ni_x$ alloys reduced saturation magnetostriction at room temperature (RT). It was also observed that it was more difficult to generate annealed recrystallization. However, with greater Ni addition into the $Fe_{70-x}Pd_{30}Ni_x$ (x = 6, 8 at.% Ni) alloys, the $L1_0+L1_m$ twin phase decomposition into stoichiometric $L1_0+L1_m+{\alpha}_{bct}$ structures was suppressed after the $500^{\circ}C$/100 h aging treatment. The result was that the $Fe_{70-x}Pd_{30}Ni_x$ (x = 6, 8 at.% Ni) alloys maintained a high magnetostriction and magnetostrictive susceptibility (${\Delta}{\lambda}{_\parallel}{^s}/{\Delta}H$) after the alloys were aged at $500^{\circ}C$ for 100 h. This magnetic property of the $Fe_{70-x}Pd_{30}Ni_x$ (x = 6, 8 at.% Ni) alloys make it suitable for application in a high temperature (T > $500^{\circ}C$) and high frequency environments.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.259-272
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• 2000

About the acupuncture & moxibustion therapy of allergic rhnitis, nasal discharge(鼻涕), stuffy nose(鼻塞), and rhinorrlea with turbid discharge(鼻淵), the results are obtained as follows: 1. It appeared that the reasons for allergic rhnitis are the lung's contacting to Wind-Coid(風寒), Damhwa(痰火), and accumulated fever of stomach, the reasons for nasal discharge(鼻涕) is the Cold-Hot of a lung. the reasons for stuffy nose(鼻塞) is the harmonization of the Lung(肺氣), the reasons for the rhinorrlea with turbid discharge(鼻淵) are the heat of the Brain(腦熱), heat of the Gallbladder(膽熱), most probably. 2. When we do a acupuncture & moxibustion therapy for the allergic rhnitis, we used P'ungmun(風門), Shinjong(神庭), mostly. For the nasal diacharge(鼻涕) ; Yonghyang(迎香), P'ungmun(風門), Sangsong(上星) and Sugu(水溝) were the most useful acupuncture point. For the stuffy nose(鼻塞) ; Sangsong(上星), Yonghyang(迎香), Hapkok(合谷), and Sugu(水溝) were used most frequently. For the rhinorrlea with turbid discharge(鼻淵); Sangsong(上星), Hapkok(合谷), Yonghyang(迎香), and P'ungji(風池) were the best acupuncture point. 3. Concerning the frequencies of the acupuncture & moxibustion therapy for these four symptoms, Bladder Meridian(膀胱經) and Governor Vessel Meridian(督脈) were the most useful ones. As to the acupuncture point, Sangsong(上星), Yonghyang(迎香), Sugu(水溝) and Hapkok(合谷) were used most repeatedly.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.504-513
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• 2009

This paper proposes the new type LED driver modularization for illumination LED driver. The proposed LED driver circuit insulates a hot GND of AC input power and a cold GND of LED driver part by using a fly-back converter. In order to control easily the current of the LED, the fly-back converter is operated in the discontinuous mode with excellent dynamic characteristics, and the characteristics of the LED are verified after the closed loop control is performed using a KIA2431. The LED driver module allows the wide AC power input ranges and realizes the burst dimming function which directly regulates a PWM control IC. This paper describes the operation principle of the LED driver module and it is proved the usefulness through the real model with experimentation. Besides, this paper proposes the multi-channel LED driver which the miniaturized and modularized LED driver module are connected by parallel, and verified its propriety by experiments.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-87
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• 2018

This study investigated Hua Tuo's Shang-han theory, which precedes the period of Zhang Zhong Jing's Shang-han theory, and considers the relationship between the two approaches. Researchers compared terminology and language of Hua Tuo's Shang-han theory as published in Theory in Qian Jin Yao Fang and Wai Tai Mi Yao, with Zhang Zhong Jing's Shang-han theory. In Hua Tuo's theory, Shang-han involves pathogenic invasion of the body surface, where the pathogen transforms to 6 different stages, Pi (皮), Fu (膚), Ji (肌), Xiong (胸), Fu (腹), Wei (胃). Among these, the stage sof Pi (皮), Fu (膚), Ji (肌) can be considered as exterior syndrome (表證). Those that invade the lower chest can be considered as lower chest disease, and those that violate the abdomen or stomach can be considered as Interior heat excess syndrome (裏熱實證). Stomach heat excess syndrome (胃中實熱證) is the most severe and is similar to septicaemia or bubonic plague. Hua Tuo's treatment used three methods which are 汗 (perspiration), 吐 (emesis), 下 (purgation). In the case of Phlegm syndrome (痰?證), HuoTuo's theory was similar to Zhang Zhong Jing's Shang-han exterior syndrome (傷寒表證) and therefore used Zhuling-powder (猪?散). In the case of deficiency hot flush Syndrome (虛煩證) in Shang-han disease, HuoTuo uses ZhuYe-decoction (竹葉湯), of which the drug contents is the same as Zhang Zhong Jing's ZhuYeShiGao-decoction (竹葉石膏湯), which was used for the same condition.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2016

This study aimed to develop functional underwear for elderly women in their sixties in terms of good fit, wear comfort and body temperature regulation. To satisfy elderly women's physical and metabolical needs, an automatic temperature control system via PCM treatment was applied. Underwear pattern was produced by producing body surface replica, which was derived from 3D body parametric model. Differential ratios of outline length and area between 3D surface and 2D plane were 1.4% and 0.5%, respectively. The reduction rate was determined as 10% through the expert's evaluation. PCM treated fabric showed higher Q-max, meaning that it can facilitate the thermal transition in hot situation. Moreover, it also showed higher insulation to preserve heat and keep warm microclimate in a cold weather. Heat distribution measurements on various body parts revealed that the temperature after PCM treatment was significantly higher. The clothing pressure after 10% pattern reduction showed higher before reduction, at the same time, even lower than the comfort clothing pressure range of $5{\sim}10gf/cm^2$, implying that experimental garment of this research is acceptable in terms of clothing pressure. Evaluation results on the comfort to move in various motions proved that adequate clothing pressure improved the wear comfort in various motions.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2007

This purpose of this study is to announce the research for the formative characteristics and the constructive characteristics for the 23 pair of pants excavated from the tomb of Yeosan Song's family at Mokdal Dong in Daejeon. Men and women wore the open-type over the close-type pants. Song Hyo-sang and Chungjoo Park wore the 1 or 2 pairs of the open-type pants over the 3 pairs of close-type pants. Song Hee-jong and his wife Sonhung An wore a pair of the open-style pants over the 1 or 2 pairs of pants. It was due to the shortage of goods by the war that Song Heejong had less shrouds than Song Hyosang. The pants were almost made of the cotton and the silk. The open-type pants worn inside was made of the cotton but outside was made of the silk. That time the cotton was used for the unlined underwears for the health and the protection against the cold and the hot. The silk was used for the outwear. In the construction type, 12 pairs of pants were unlined, 6 pairs of pants were quilted, 4 pairs of pants were padded, and 1 pair of pants was lined. All unlined were the close-type and the quilted and padded pants were the open-type, which were worn inside. Lined type was just one. In the wearing order of shrouds, type, textile, and constructive type, Song Hyosang and Chungjo Park were similar, Song Heejong and Sonhung An were similar.