• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.758-765
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• 1999

The estimation of reasonable amount of domestic cold water and hot water supplies in apartment houses is very important for the economical design of domestic cold water and hot water supply system which include pumps, boilers, heat exchangers, and various water reservoirs. To suggest the model of predicting reasonable amount of domestic cold water and hot water supplies, residents and actual domestic cold water and hot water consumption have been investigated for 740 apartment houses in Seoul and Bun-Dang, Kyunggi-Do. The model is suggested as a function of exclusive area of the apartment house and results of the model show generally good agreement with published data.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2015

Objectives Recently the fuzzy logic is widely used in the decision making, identification, pattern recognition, optimization in various fields. In this study, we propose the fuzzy logic as the objective method of distinguishing hot and cold, the basis of diagnosis in Korean medicine. Methods We developed fuzzy inference system to distinguish whether the subjects had hot or cold. The cold and hot questionnaire of Korean traditional university textbook, the pulse rate and the DITI value of face used in the system. These three kinds of information were defined as 'fuzzy sets,' and 54 fuzzy rules were established on the basis of clinical practitioners' knowledge. The fuzzy inference was performed by using the Mamdani's method. To evaluate the usefulness of the fuzzy inference system, 200 cases of data measured in the Woosuk university hospital of oriental medicine were used to compare the determining hot, normal, cold results obtained from the experts and from the proposed system. Results As a result, 100 cases of "cold", 54 cases of "normal", and 34 cases of "hot" were matched between the experts and the proposed system. This fuzzy system showed the conformity degree of 94%(${\kappa}=0.853$). Conclusions In this study, we could express the process of distinguishing hot-cold using the fuzzy logic for objectification and quantification of hot-cold identification. This is the first study that introduce a fuzzy logic for distinguish pattern identification. The degree of the heat characteristic of the patients inferred by this system could provide a more objective basis for diagnosing the hot-cold of patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1354-1358
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• 2008

In Traditional Korean Medicine it is one of basic principle that personality reflects physical conditions. In both of personality and ordinary symptoms, there are some criteria used for diagnosis whether the patient is in cold or hot condition. We studied the relationship between the criteria of cold-hot shown in personality pattern and ordinary symptom pattern. And also analyzed the relativeness in four constitution type. 877 patients who had visited oriental medical hospital and had been confirmed their constitution by drug response were included in this study. Patients filled out the questionnaire composed of personality and ordinary symptom questions. We selected questions related to cold-hot patterns. Next we made personality cold-hot index(PCHI) and ordinary symptom cold-hot index(OSCHI). The two indices were compared and analyzed totally and from the viewpoint of 4 constitution types. The coefficient of correlation between two indices was not high. In Soemin the coefficient was 0.257, in three other constitution it was lower than 0.200 or negative. In Soemin both indices were lower (cold-biased), but in three other constitution no significant results were found. In Tae-emin OSCHI was higher (hot-biased) than PCHI, in Tae-yangin PCHI was higher than OSCHI significantly. Personality is not affected by cold-hot less than expected. The criteria used for diagnosis of cold-hot seems to be biased on Soemin's.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 1993

Hot pressing after cold cyclic compaction of Al2O3 powder mixtures containing SiC whiskers or Al2O3 short fibers is studied with emphasis on the effects of cold cyclic compaction. The green density of the mixtures increases as the cycle number increases and the cyclic pressure becomes higher. The higher green density is also obtained by cold cyclic compaction with the lower pressrue than a single stroke cold compaction. To achieve a higher densification during hot pressing, cold cyclic compaction before hot pressing is more efficient compared to the conventional hot pressing process (without cold cyclic compaction). Moreover, a low cyclic pressure did not affect on toughening mechanism by whisker reinforcement.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.859-869
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of soup temperature on hunger, energy, and nutrient intake. The hot meal consisted of 400 g of hot beef-vegetable soup (75$^{\circ}C$), Yubu Chobap, Bulgogi, cucumber pickle and radish pickle. The cold meal component were the same as the hot meal except 300 g of water (8$^{\circ}C$) and boiled vegctables (100 g), instead of the hot beef-vegetable soup ot the hot meal. Thirst, core temperature and blood pressure were also measured before and after consumption the test meals in a within-subjects, repeated measures design. 30 women consumed 17% more kilocalories, 13% more protein and lipid and 16% more carbohydrate in the cold meal than in the hot meal. The core temperature at the end of the test meal was higher in the hot meal than in the cold meal. Energy and nutrient intake were inversely correlated with the hunger scores within 1 hour after the hot meal, however those are not related with each other in the cold meal. So hunger feeling might be disturbed in the cold meal. It is concluded that energy and nutrient consumptions were higher in the cold meal, partly because of the distrubed hunger feeling in the cold meal.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1649-1655
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• 1988

Thermally growon SiO2 films were thermally nitrided in a hot-wall furnace and in a RF-heated cold-wall reactor and their characteristics were investigated by the AES and the C-V dmeasurements. The Auger depth profile show that 200\ulcornerSiO2 film nitrided at 1200\ulcorner, for 2hrs by the hot-wall process has a nitrogen-rich layer near the SiOxNy-Si interface. However the nitrogen-ri h layer is not observed in the case of cold-wall process. The maximum flat-band voltage for the SiO2 films nitrided by the hot-wall process is higher than by the cold-wall process, and the peak value of flat-band voltage for the hot-wall process appears the longer nitridation time than that for the cold-wall process. The SiOxNy-Si interface shift toward the Si substrate for the case of the hot-wall process is larger than that for the cold-wall process.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 1993

Densification of alumina powder, grain size and fracture toughness of sintered body by hot pressing after cold compaction were investigated and compared to traditional hot pressing process (without cold cyclic compaction). To achieve a higher densification and to reduce the hot pressing time, hot pressing after cold cyclic compaction was more efficient compared to traditional hot pressing. This phenomenon resulted from the increment of packing densityby the acceleration fo rearrangement of powders under cold cyclic compaction. The grain size of sintered body was only dependent on relative density, and densification during hot pressing was governed by thelattice diffusion. Comprisons of grain size, densification mechanism and fracture toughness resulted from hot pressing after/without cold cyclic compaction showed that a low cyclic pressure may not effect on the fragmentation of alumina powders.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

Background : This study was to investigate effect of hot and cold water for the hand dexterity. Methods : A total of 37 subjects having hemiplegia(men=6, women=11) and normal(men=10, women=10) were participated in this study. After both hands was soaked in the small tube for 1 minute, we measured 'making dots in circles(BOTMP)', 'lifting small objects(JHFT)', 'disk turning(MMDT)' test. Results : In the case of normal's dominant hand, there were statistically significant differences in all tests after soaked in the hot water but there were statistically significant differences in 'disk turning' test after soaked in the cold water. In the case of hemiplegia's unaffected hand, there were statistically significant differences in 'disk turning' test after soaked in the hot water but there were statistically significant differences in 'making dots in circles', 'disk turning' test after soaked in the cold water. In the case of hemiplegia's affected hand, there were statistically significant differences in 'lifting small objects', 'disk turning' test after soaked in the hot water but there were statistically significant differences in 'making dots in circles', 'disk turning' test after soaked in the cold water. Conclusion : The hot and cold water were affected in the hand dexterity. Especially, in the case of both normal and hemiplegia, there were statistically significant differences in 'disk turning' test after soaked in the cold and hot water. Therefore, We were founded that affected in gross movement than fine movement.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2022

본 연구는 고객과 인플루언서의 관계품질을 감정적 관계품질(Hot IRQ)과 인지적 관계품질(Cold IRQ)로 구분하고 이러한 관계품질에 영향을 미치는 선행변수와 그리고 이러한 관계품질로 인해 야기되는 고객행동반응을 탐구하고자 한다. 관계품질의 선행요인으로 고객경험(감정적, 인지적 경험)을 제시하였고, 결과요인으로 관계유지의도와 추천의도를 제시하였다. 가설검증을 위해 일반소비자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 431부가 최종적 분석에 사용되었다. 연구결과, 고객경험 중에서 감정적 경험은 Cold IRQ보다 Hot IRQ에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 인지적 경험은 Hot IRQ보다 Cold IRQ에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 Hot IRQ는 추천의도보다 관계유지의도에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, Cold IRQ는 관계유지의도 보다 추천의도에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 고객과 인플루언서의 관계품질에 대해 살펴봄으로써 이론적, 실무적 측면에서 다양한 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.1301-1306
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• 2006

알루미늄 합금은 자동차부품 및 전자부품산업 개발에 크게 기여하고 있는 소재로서, 제조방법 중 냉？온간 단조 공법에 의해 제조하는 것이 대량 생산되어지는 자동차 및 전자산업부품개발에 있어서 매우 효율적이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 차세대 콤프레샤 실린더 블록 개발을 위하여,AI소재 (AI-Mg-Si계합금)를 활용, 냉 -온간 단조법을 이용 하여 개발하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 제조 시편의 미세조직 및 기계적 성질을 조사하였는데,미세조직은 공정형으로 구성되었으며, $Mg_2Si$의 중간상이 석출되었다. 그리고 인장강도는 291.7MPa 로 나타났으며, 그러한 결과를 바탕으 로 차세대 콤프레샤 실린더 블록시제품을 제작하였다.