• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2007

Purpose: To find the correlation between ambient temperature change and the efficacy of acupuncture on the postmenopausal hot flash. Methods: 52 patients entered a randomized clinical trial which was to verify the efficacy of acupuncture on postmenopausal hot flash. Participants were treated with optimal/minimal acupuncture in the course of 13 weeks. 34 of 52 visited for the temperature-rising period(Group 1), while 18 of 52 for the temperature-falling period(Group 2), 100mm hot flash VAS and average temperature were taken 18 times from each person. Linear mixed effects model was used to find the correlation between temperature and hot flash VAS score(p-value<0.05). Group1/2, optimal/minimal acupuncture, age, age of menarche, height, weight, percent body fat, BMI, waist-hip ratio, past history of hysterectomy and HRT were also examined. Results: Period of treatment had influence on the hot flash VAS. As time went by, hot flash decreased(p<.0000). Participants who underwent minimal acupuncture showed higher hot flash VAS(p=0.0479) and as waist-hip ratio rose, hot flash increased(p<.0000). As the temperature rose, hot flash VAS score became lower(p=0.0143) and it was because 34 of 52 participants were treated for the temperature-rising period. Group 1/2 had no interrelation with hot flash(p=0.5741). Conclusion: Hot flash diminished as participants were treated with acupuncture, independently of whether the ambient temperature rises or falls.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.148-159
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Vasomotor symptoms including hot flash are very common to postmenopausal women. Estrogen therapy was regarded as the best option for relieving menopausal symptoms until 2002, when the Women#s Health Initiative(WHI) reported the side effect of the therapy. Consequently, studies on the complementary and alternative medical herbs and therapy for the management of menopausal symptoms have followed. And so we have reviewed some international clinical studies about the management of postmenopausal symptoms with acupuncture therapy. Methods: "Menopause and acupuncture" was designated as a key word in the search site. Pub Med, and nine papers dealing with hot flash among the relevant RCTs were selected, and then, the effect of acupuncture on hot flash and the way the researches had been done was examined. Results : The intensity of hot flash reduced significantly and the frequency of hot flash was inclined to reduce, but not significantly, compared to the controlled group. Conclusion: Each clinical test has its limitations in point of the number of the required samples. However, it still shows the possibility that acupuncture itself will be effective enough to reduce the intensity of hot flash to a certain degree. It is believed that extensive clinical tests on the effect of acupuncture on hot flash will need to be done hereafter. And when the tests are carried out, it is required to exclude placebo effect, do blind test, and carefully select and control the methods.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2017

Recently, NAND flash memory, which is used as a storage medium, is replacing HDD (Hard Disk Drive) at a high speed due to various advantages such as fast access speed, low power, and easy portability. In order to apply NAND flash memory to a computer system, a Flash Translation Layer (FTL) is indispensably required. FTL provides a number of features such as address mapping, garbage collection, wear leveling, and hot data identification. In particular, hot data identification is an algorithm that identifies specific pages where data updates frequently occur. Hot data identification helps to improve overall performance by identifying and managing hot data separately. MHF (Multi hash framework) technique, known as hot data identification technique, records the number of write operations in memory. The recorded value is evaluated and judged as hot data. However, the method of counting the number of times in a write request is not enough to judge a page as a hot data page. In this paper, we propose hot data identification which considers not only the number of write requests but also the persistence of write requests.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.168-178
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To verify the relationship of SA2000E results and acupuncture treatment efficacy on postmenopausal women. Methods: Longitudinal analyze relationship of the SA2000E results and hot flush VAS score changes of a clinical trial participants in 2006. Results: Someone who has high Vaso-aging degree by SA2000E represented better hot flash VAS decreasing efficacy. And the diminution rate of hot flash VAS, after 1week from the 1st treatment day was 0.311(p=0.0001), and finally 0.672(p = 0.0396). There are no statistical differences between study group and control group. Conclusion: Clinical trial participant who has better Vaso-physiological function present more hot flash reduce efficacy by acupuncture therapy. Vaso-aging degree by SA2000E could be use as a predictor of acupuncture hot flash treatment result.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.74-85
• /
• 2007

Objective : In this study we wanted to confirm if proper stimulation and de-Qi of traditional Korean medical acupuncture could increase hot flash relief efficacy. Design : A randomized controlled, single blind study. We used two modalities of acupuncture, one with optimal stimulation [Study group; Korean medical acupuncture (TKMA)] and one with minimal stimulation [Control group; Minimal acupuncture (MA)]. Same acupoints [PC6(內關), HT8(少府), HT7(神門), LI4(合谷), ST36(足三里), SP6(三陰交), Ren4(關元)] were used in both groups. Fifty-two patients were treated twice a week for 8 weeks, and follow up was done after 4 weeks from the last treatment. Patients were checked hot flash VAS (visual analog scale), frequency and duration every time they visited. Results : Hot flash relief efficacy by 100mm hot flash VAS was obvious in both groups. Hot flash VAS scores of study group were smaller than the scores of control group at the early stage (3rd, $4^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ visit), but there wasn't a remarkable difference between study and control group at the end of the trial. Besides, diminution of hot flash VAS was faster and more even in the study group than control group by visualization using 'Box plot'. We compared frequency and duration of hot flash, 100mm sweating, palpitation, sleep disturbance VAS, and Kupperman Index, MENQOL, Patient's global assessment score. Both groups showed definite decrease from the baseline, but the difference was not statistically significant. There wasn't any adverse event. Hot flash relief efficacy was kept in most patients after 4 weeks' follow-up. Conclusion : Acupoint combination by Traditional Korean medical theory is effective on hot flashes and hot flash relief efficacy was faster and more even in optimal stimulation than minimal stimulation.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.262-269
• /
• 2005

Semiconductor scientists and engineers ideally desire the faster but the cheaper non-volatile memory devices. In practice, no single device satisfies this desire because a faster device is expensive and a cheaper is slow. Therefore, in this paper, we use heterogeneous non-volatile memories and construct an efficient hierarchy for them. First, a small RAM device (e.g., MRAM, FRAM, and PRAM) is used as a write buffer of flash memory devices. Since the buffer is faster and does not have an erase operation, write can be done quickly in the buffer, making the write latency short. Also, if a write is requested to a data stored in the buffer, the write is directly processed in the buffer, reducing one write operation to flash storages. Second, we use many types of flash memories (e.g., SLC and MLC flash memories) in order to reduce the overall storage cost. Specifically, write requests are classified into two types, hot and cold, where hot data is vulnerable to be modified in the near future. Only hot data is stored in the faster SLC flash, while the cold is kept in slower MLC flash or NOR flash. The evaluation results show that the proposed hierarchy is effective at improving the access time of flash memory storages in a cost-effective manner thanks to the locality in memory accesses.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.315-320
• /
• 2009

플래시 메모리는 데이터 변경 시에 덮어쓰기가 되지 않아 해당 데이터를 새로운 영역에 쓰기 이전에 존재하던 데이터는 무효화시켜야 하고 가비지 컬렉션 시 소거해야 한다. 플래시 메모리의 빠른 발전속도에 힘입어 플래시메모리의 용량은 급속도로 증가하고 있다. 플래시 메모리의 용량이 대용량화됨에 따라 소거대상 블록을 선택할 때 전체 플래시 메모리를 대 상으로 탐색을 실시하면 CPU의 수행시간이 많이 증가하는 문제점이 있다. 이 단점을 개선하기 위해 플래시 메모리를 그룹으로 분할하여 관리하고 소거대상 블록을 선택할 때 해당 그룹을 대상으로 탐색을 수행한다. 접근 지역성을 가지는 작업부하에 대해 hot 데이터는 hot 그룹에 배치하고, cold 데이터는 cold 그룹에 배치하여 그룹 내에서의 wear-leveling을 개선하고, 주기적으로 hot 그룹의 역할과 cold 그룹의 역할을 교환하여 전체플래시 메모리의 wear-leveling과 성능을 개선하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.576-582
• /
• 2017

Objectives: Hormone replacement therapy may relieve many symptoms of menopause; however, hormone replacement therapy may increase the risk of breast cancer, stroke, and dementia. This case study describes the effect of Hoechunboeum-tang on the menopausal disorder of hot flashes, which has been well documented as a cause of distress to patients undergoing menopause. Methods and Results: Two female patients suffering from severe hot flashes related to menopausal disorders were administered the herbal medicine, Hoechunboeum-tang. Measurements included hot flash frequency over a 24 hour period, hot flash severity (visual analogue scale), and hot flash-related daily interference and were recorded during the last week before herbal medicine and again after 7 and 15 days of herbal treatment. The patients were asked about their hot flash symptoms 6 months later and both reported that the symptoms had been successfully reduced after herbal treatment and were still reduced after 6 months. Conclusions: Hoechunboeum-tang could have a beneficial effect on menopausal disorder with hot flashes.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.336-340
• /
• 2010

플래시 저장장치는 컴퓨팅 시스템에서 휴대용 저장매체로 각광 받고 있다. 플래시 저장장치의 착탈성을 고려해 보면, 데이터의 무결성이 중요한 이슈로 부각된다. 본 연구는 데이터 무결성을 보장하려는 파일시스템 동작이 플래시 변환 계층(FTL) 기법들의 성능에 미치는 영향에 주목한다. 본 연구에서는 파일시스템이 데이터 무결성을 보장하기 위해서 발생시킨 잦은 쓰기 참조가 플래시 저장장치에 미치는 영향에 대해서 살펴본다. 또한, 비휘발성 램을 이용한 잦은 쓰기 참조의 흡수가 플래시 저장장치 내의 FTL 성능에 미치는 영향을 살펴본다. 실제 시스템 환경에서 실시된 성능 평가 결과는 잦은 쓰기 참조가 포함된 워크로드들에서 FTL 성능이 기존 연구에서 제시된 결과와 상이할 수 있음을 보여준다. 이와 더불어, 비휘발성 램을 이용하여 잦은 쓰기 참조를 흡수함으로써 FTL 기법들이 플래시 저장장치의 성능에 미치는 영향이 완화됨을 실험 결과를 통해서 알 수 있다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.761-767
• /
• 2010

낸드 플래시 메모리는 블록에 새로운 데이터를 쓰고자 할 때 삭제 연산이 선행되어야 하며 일정 횟수 이상 지움 연산이 반복된 블록은 더 이상 사용이 불가능하다. 데이터의 갱신이 빈번한 핫 데이터는 블록을 빠르게 사용 불가능한 상태에 도달하게 만들 수 있고 이로써 낸드 플래시 메모리의 용량은 시간이 지남에 따라 감소할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 데이터의 접근 패턴을 고려해 핫 데이터와 콜드 데이터를 분류하는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 이렇게 분류된 데이터 정보를 이용해 삭제 횟수가 많은 블록에 갱신 확률이 적은 콜드 데이터를, 삭제 횟수가 상대적으로 적은 블록에 갱신 확률이 높은 핫 데이터를 맵핑한다. 입력 데이터 패턴을 이용한 핫/콜드 데이터 분류 기법이 기존의 분류 기법을 사용했을 때보다 플래시 메모리의 블록 사용이 균일한 것을 실험을 통해 확인하였다.