• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hot Flash

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Can Ambient Temperature Change Affect the Efficacy of Acupuncture on the Postmenopausal Hot Flash? (기온 변화는 폐경후 안면홍조의 침 치료 효과에 영향을 미치는가?)

  • Roh, Jin-Ju;Ahn, Hong-Yup;Kim, Dong-Il
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.123-131
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: To find the correlation between ambient temperature change and the efficacy of acupuncture on the postmenopausal hot flash. Methods: 52 patients entered a randomized clinical trial which was to verify the efficacy of acupuncture on postmenopausal hot flash. Participants were treated with optimal/minimal acupuncture in the course of 13 weeks. 34 of 52 visited for the temperature-rising period(Group 1), while 18 of 52 for the temperature-falling period(Group 2), 100mm hot flash VAS and average temperature were taken 18 times from each person. Linear mixed effects model was used to find the correlation between temperature and hot flash VAS score(p-value<0.05). Group1/2, optimal/minimal acupuncture, age, age of menarche, height, weight, percent body fat, BMI, waist-hip ratio, past history of hysterectomy and HRT were also examined. Results: Period of treatment had influence on the hot flash VAS. As time went by, hot flash decreased(p<.0000). Participants who underwent minimal acupuncture showed higher hot flash VAS(p=0.0479) and as waist-hip ratio rose, hot flash increased(p<.0000). As the temperature rose, hot flash VAS score became lower(p=0.0143) and it was because 34 of 52 participants were treated for the temperature-rising period. Group 1/2 had no interrelation with hot flash(p=0.5741). Conclusion: Hot flash diminished as participants were treated with acupuncture, independently of whether the ambient temperature rises or falls.

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Review on randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for postmenopausal symptoms in the search site, Pub Med. - focusing on hot flush (Pub Med 검색을 통한 폐경기 증상의 침구 임상시험에 대한 고찰 - 안면홍조를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Ro-Sa;Lee, Jin-Moo;Cho, Jung-Hoon;Jang, Jun-Bock;Lee, Kyung-Sub;Lee, Chang-Hoon
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.148-159
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: Vasomotor symptoms including hot flash are very common to postmenopausal women. Estrogen therapy was regarded as the best option for relieving menopausal symptoms until 2002, when the Women#s Health Initiative(WHI) reported the side effect of the therapy. Consequently, studies on the complementary and alternative medical herbs and therapy for the management of menopausal symptoms have followed. And so we have reviewed some international clinical studies about the management of postmenopausal symptoms with acupuncture therapy. Methods: "Menopause and acupuncture" was designated as a key word in the search site. Pub Med, and nine papers dealing with hot flash among the relevant RCTs were selected, and then, the effect of acupuncture on hot flash and the way the researches had been done was examined. Results : The intensity of hot flash reduced significantly and the frequency of hot flash was inclined to reduce, but not significantly, compared to the controlled group. Conclusion: Each clinical test has its limitations in point of the number of the required samples. However, it still shows the possibility that acupuncture itself will be effective enough to reduce the intensity of hot flash to a certain degree. It is believed that extensive clinical tests on the effect of acupuncture on hot flash will need to be done hereafter. And when the tests are carried out, it is required to exclude placebo effect, do blind test, and carefully select and control the methods.

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Hot Data Identification For Flash Based Storage Systems Considering Continuous Write Operation

  • Lee, Seung-Woo;Ryu, Kwan-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2017
  • Recently, NAND flash memory, which is used as a storage medium, is replacing HDD (Hard Disk Drive) at a high speed due to various advantages such as fast access speed, low power, and easy portability. In order to apply NAND flash memory to a computer system, a Flash Translation Layer (FTL) is indispensably required. FTL provides a number of features such as address mapping, garbage collection, wear leveling, and hot data identification. In particular, hot data identification is an algorithm that identifies specific pages where data updates frequently occur. Hot data identification helps to improve overall performance by identifying and managing hot data separately. MHF (Multi hash framework) technique, known as hot data identification technique, records the number of write operations in memory. The recorded value is evaluated and judged as hot data. However, the method of counting the number of times in a write request is not enough to judge a page as a hot data page. In this paper, we propose hot data identification which considers not only the number of write requests but also the persistence of write requests.

A Study about Vaso-aging Degree by SA2000E as a Predictive Factors of Hot Flash Treatment (안면홍조의 치료 효과 예후 인자로서의 SA2000E로 측정된 혈관노화진행도에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Il;Yoon, Sang-Ho;Ahn, Hong-Yeop
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.168-178
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: To verify the relationship of SA2000E results and acupuncture treatment efficacy on postmenopausal women. Methods: Longitudinal analyze relationship of the SA2000E results and hot flush VAS score changes of a clinical trial participants in 2006. Results: Someone who has high Vaso-aging degree by SA2000E represented better hot flash VAS decreasing efficacy. And the diminution rate of hot flash VAS, after 1week from the 1st treatment day was 0.311(p=0.0001), and finally 0.672(p = 0.0396). There are no statistical differences between study group and control group. Conclusion: Clinical trial participant who has better Vaso-physiological function present more hot flash reduce efficacy by acupuncture therapy. Vaso-aging degree by SA2000E could be use as a predictor of acupuncture hot flash treatment result.

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A Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Acupuncture on Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women;Focusing on the comparison of the effects of Traditional Korean medical acupuncture (TKMA) and Minimal Acupuncture (MA)

  • Kim, Dong-Il;Roh, Jin-Ju;Choi, Min-Sun;Lee, Seung-Deok;Roh, Ju-Won;Yoon, Sang-Ho;Ahn, Hong-Yup;Oh, Dal-Seok;Choi, Sun-Mi
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.74-85
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    • 2007
  • Objective : In this study we wanted to confirm if proper stimulation and de-Qi of traditional Korean medical acupuncture could increase hot flash relief efficacy. Design : A randomized controlled, single blind study. We used two modalities of acupuncture, one with optimal stimulation [Study group; Korean medical acupuncture (TKMA)] and one with minimal stimulation [Control group; Minimal acupuncture (MA)]. Same acupoints [PC6(內關), HT8(少府), HT7(神門), LI4(合谷), ST36(足三里), SP6(三陰交), Ren4(關元)] were used in both groups. Fifty-two patients were treated twice a week for 8 weeks, and follow up was done after 4 weeks from the last treatment. Patients were checked hot flash VAS (visual analog scale), frequency and duration every time they visited. Results : Hot flash relief efficacy by 100mm hot flash VAS was obvious in both groups. Hot flash VAS scores of study group were smaller than the scores of control group at the early stage (3rd, $4^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ visit), but there wasn't a remarkable difference between study and control group at the end of the trial. Besides, diminution of hot flash VAS was faster and more even in the study group than control group by visualization using 'Box plot'. We compared frequency and duration of hot flash, 100mm sweating, palpitation, sleep disturbance VAS, and Kupperman Index, MENQOL, Patient's global assessment score. Both groups showed definite decrease from the baseline, but the difference was not statistically significant. There wasn't any adverse event. Hot flash relief efficacy was kept in most patients after 4 weeks' follow-up. Conclusion : Acupoint combination by Traditional Korean medical theory is effective on hot flashes and hot flash relief efficacy was faster and more even in optimal stimulation than minimal stimulation.

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A Novel Memory Hierarchy for Flash Memory Based Storage Systems

  • Yim, Keno-Soo
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.262-269
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    • 2005
  • Semiconductor scientists and engineers ideally desire the faster but the cheaper non-volatile memory devices. In practice, no single device satisfies this desire because a faster device is expensive and a cheaper is slow. Therefore, in this paper, we use heterogeneous non-volatile memories and construct an efficient hierarchy for them. First, a small RAM device (e.g., MRAM, FRAM, and PRAM) is used as a write buffer of flash memory devices. Since the buffer is faster and does not have an erase operation, write can be done quickly in the buffer, making the write latency short. Also, if a write is requested to a data stored in the buffer, the write is directly processed in the buffer, reducing one write operation to flash storages. Second, we use many types of flash memories (e.g., SLC and MLC flash memories) in order to reduce the overall storage cost. Specifically, write requests are classified into two types, hot and cold, where hot data is vulnerable to be modified in the near future. Only hot data is stored in the faster SLC flash, while the cold is kept in slower MLC flash or NOR flash. The evaluation results show that the proposed hierarchy is effective at improving the access time of flash memory storages in a cost-effective manner thanks to the locality in memory accesses.

A group based management method of flash memory for enhancing wear-leveling (Wear-leveling 향상을 위한 플래시 메모리의 그룹단위 관리 방법)

  • Jang, Si-Woong;Kim, Young-Ju;Yu, Yun-Sik
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.315-320
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    • 2009
  • Since flash memory can not be overwritten on updating data, new data are updated in new area and old data should be invalidated and erased for garbage collection. With develop of flash memory technology, capacity of flash memory is rapidly increasing. It increases rapidly execution time of CPU to search an entire flash memory of large capacity when choosing the block to erase in garbage collection. To solve the problem that is increasing execution time of CPU, flash memory is partitioned into several groups, the block to erase in garbage collection is searched within the corresponding group. In workload of access locality, we enhanced wear-leveling within group by allocating hot data to hot group and cold data to cold group respectively and enhanced wear-leveling among groups by exchanging periodically hot group and cold group.

Two Case Reports of the Menopausal Disorder with Hot Flashes Treated with Hoechunboeum-tang (회춘보음탕(回春補陰湯) 투여로 호전된 열성홍조를 동반한 폐경기 장애 치험 2례)

  • Kim, Soon-il;Lee, Sang-hun
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.576-582
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: Hormone replacement therapy may relieve many symptoms of menopause; however, hormone replacement therapy may increase the risk of breast cancer, stroke, and dementia. This case study describes the effect of Hoechunboeum-tang on the menopausal disorder of hot flashes, which has been well documented as a cause of distress to patients undergoing menopause. Methods and Results: Two female patients suffering from severe hot flashes related to menopausal disorders were administered the herbal medicine, Hoechunboeum-tang. Measurements included hot flash frequency over a 24 hour period, hot flash severity (visual analogue scale), and hot flash-related daily interference and were recorded during the last week before herbal medicine and again after 7 and 15 days of herbal treatment. The patients were asked about their hot flash symptoms 6 months later and both reported that the symptoms had been successfully reduced after herbal treatment and were still reduced after 6 months. Conclusions: Hoechunboeum-tang could have a beneficial effect on menopausal disorder with hot flashes.

The Effect of Absorbing Hot Write References on FTLs for Flash Storage Supporting High Data Integrity (데이터 무결성을 보장하는 플래시 저장 장치에서 잦은 쓰기 참조 흡수가 플래시 변환 계층에 미치는 영향)

  • Shim, Myoung-Sub;Doh, In-Hwan;Moon, Young-Je;Lee, Hyo-J.;Choi, Jong-Moo;Lee, Dong-Hee;Noh, Sam-H.
    • Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.336-340
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    • 2010
  • Flash storages are prevalent as portable storage in computing systems. When we consider the detachability of Flash storage devices, data integrity becomes an important issue. To assure extreme data integrity, file systems synchronously write all file data to storage accompanying hot write references. In this study, we concentrate on the effect of hot write references on Flash storage, and we consider the effect of absorbing the hot write references via nonvolatile write cache on the performance of the FTL schemes in Flash storage. In 80 doing, we quantify the performance of typical FTL schemes for workloads that contain hot write references through a wide range of experiments on a real system environment. Through the results, we conclude that the impact of the underlying FTL schemes on the performance of Flash storage is dramatically reduced by absorbing the hot write references via nonvolatile write cache.

A Wear-leveling Scheme for NAND Flash Memory based on Update Patterns of Data (데이터 갱신 패턴 기반의 낸드 플래시 메모리의 블록 사용 균일화 기법)

  • Shin, Hyo-Joung;Choi, Don-Jung;Kim, Bo-Keong;Yoon, Tae-Bok;Lee, Jee-Hyong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.761-767
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    • 2010
  • In the case of NAND flash memory, a whole block needs to be erased for update operations because update-in- place operations are not supported in NAND flash memory. Blocks of NAND flash memory have the limited erasure cycles, so frequently updated data (hot data) easily makes blocks worn out. As the result, the capacity of NAND flash memory will be reduced by hot data. In this paper, we propose a wear-leveling algorithm by discriminating hot and cold data based on the update patterns of data. When we applied this scheme to NAND flash memory, we confirmed that the erase counts of blocks became more uniform by mapping hot data to a block with a low erase count and cold data to block with a high erase count.