• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.374-379
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• 2016

This study has investigated improvement points of existing products by analyzing problems of horseback riding pants sold in market and by investigating wearing feeling of horseback riders. The purpose of this study is to suggest horseback riding pants which fit to body types of Korean adult women and also have improved functionality by reflecting findings of the study. The contents of this study is believed to suggest useful results on improvement of horseback riding pants sold in market; (1) By visiting hands-on experiencing horseback riding facilities, questionnaire investigation was carried out and we find problems of existing horseback riding pants. (2) Materials, designs and patterns of products sold in market are analyzed for improvement of horse-riding pants appropriate for Korean adult women body types. (3) Based on the results of previous analysis, this study was investigated wearing satisfaction after manufacturing improved horseback riding pants. As results of investigating wearing feeling for products manufactured with pattern designs reflecting the analysis result of existing horseback riding clothes as well as wearing feeling of horseback riders, it was possible to prevent wounds of bodies after horseback riding and the riders expressed high satisfaction for the products manufactured based on the research results.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Purpose : We investigated the effects of horseback riding and horseback riding machine exercise on the serum lipid profile in elderly individuals. Methods : Our study included 30 healthy elderly individuals who were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the horseback riding and the horseback riding machine exercise group, with each group comprising 15 individuals. The riding exercise program was performed 25 times a week over 12 weeks. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine changes in serum lipid profiles before and after exercise 6 and 12 weeks after exercise. Results : An intergroup comparison of blood tests showed that triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-C levels were decreased in both groups after 12 weeks of the riding exercise program. However, both groups showed an increase in high-density lipoprotein-C levels, although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion : Horseback riding and horseback riding machine exercise showed a positive effect on the serum lipid profile in elderly individuals.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of horseback riding exercise for BMI(body mass index) and waist circumference in the obese women. Method : 20 subjects in Y-equestrian were randomly divided two group, horseback machine exercise(HME) group and horseback-riding exercise(HRE) group. Each group carried out 30 minutes exercise two times a week for 8 weeks. BMI were measured for body composition, and evaluation of waist circumference. Result : The results were as follows, the BMI(body mass index) between horseback machine exercise and horseback-riding exercise groups in post-test, were significantly different in measures(p<.05). And there were significant in two group after exercise(p<.05). The waist circumference between horseback machine exercise and horseback-riding exercise groups in post-test, were significantly different in measures(p<.05). And there were significant in two group after exercise(p<.05). Conclusion : These finding revealed that horseback-riding exercise was effective on BMI and waist circumrerence of obese women so that these exercise can be new altematives exercise for obesity management in the obese women.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.123-128
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and horseback riding using a robotic device on the trunk muscle activity and gross motor function in children with spastic diplegia. Methods: Children with spastic diplegia were divided into two groups: an experimental group (NMES and horseback riding using a robotic device [n=10]) and a control group (placebo NMES and horseback riding using a robotic device [n=10]). Each group received general physical therapy and occupational therapy. Each intervention involved the administration of NMES for 15 minutes and horseback riding using robotic device therapy for 15 minutes three times a week for 4 weeks. The evaluation included both the rectus abdominis muscles (RA), external oblique muscles (EO), thoracic paraspinal muscles (TP), and lumbar paraspinal muscles (LP) activity and GMFM. Results: The RA, EO, TP, and LP muscle activity, GMFM C, D, and E were increased significantly in the experimental and control groups. A significant increase in both the TP muscle activity and GMFM D was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study showed that horseback riding using a robotic device is an effective intervention for trunk muscle activity and GMFM in children with spastic diplegia. However, if NMES is added to the back muscles, it is possible to further increase the thoracic paraspinal muscle activity and standing ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.312-318
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the evidence that therapeutic horseback riding can improve balance, muscle, ADL, equivalenc, GMFM, gait, emotion with developmental disabilities and neural patients. Methods: To conduct meta-analysis, the search focused on studies that employed therapeutic horseback riding for developmental disabilities and neural patients for which eight databases (KIS, RISS, DBpia, National Assembly Library, Pubmed, Embase, Google scholar and Cochrane Library) were used to extract literature published from 2002 to September 2019. The data were analyzed the RevMan 3.5.3 program. Results: As a result of meta-analysis, therapeutic horseback riding total effect size is 0.552 for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. And effect size result of according to assessment type variable first, balance effect size is 0.594. Second, muscle activities effect size is 0.425. Third, ADL effect size is 0.430. Fourth, equivalance effect size is 0.640. Fifth, GMFM effect size is 0.482. Sixth, gait effect size is 0.400 and seventh emotion effect size is 0.876. Conclusion: These findings is horseback riding is effective The effect size by outcome was observed to be the effective for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. and also the horseback riding provided the positive effects of balance, muscle activities, ADL, equivalance, GMFM, gait, emotion for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the development of effective treatments for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients therapeutic horseback riding and the development of study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of indoor horseback-riding machine(SLIM $RIDER^{(R)}$) exercise on balance of the elderly with dementia. Methods : Subjects over 65 years of age in the nursing home were divided into three groups : Alzheimer's dementia group(n=7), vascular dementia group(n=6), and general elderly group(n=6). All groups(n=19) practiced indoor horseback-riding machine exercise for 20 min a day, three days a week during 6 weeks, and their balance were evaluated at before and 2, 4, 6 weeks after intervention, using the BPM. The level of statistical significance was .05. Results : After the 4weeks indoor horseback-riding machine exercise, balance was significantly increased in the all groups(p<.05). Conclusion : Indoor Horseback-riding machine exercise had a positive effect on subjects' balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mechanical horseback riding exercise on dynamic balance in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods: The subjects of this study were 30 cerebral infarction patients. Subjects in the control group received physical therapy for 45 minutes, three times per week, and those in the experimental group received mechanical horseback riding exercise for 30 minutes, three times per week, with physical therapy for 45 minutes, three times per week, during a period of six weeks. For evaluation of dynamic balance ability, limit of stability (LOS) was measured and TUG test was performed. Results: According to the test result, LOS showed a significant increase after the exercise, and TUG showed a significant decrease after the exercise. However, no significant correlation was observed between LOS difference and TUG difference. Conclusion: Mechanical horseback riding exercise is effective for improvement of dynamic balance in patients with cerebral infarction. Mechanical horseback riding exercise is a useful indoor exercise program for clinical use for improvement of dynamic balance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.317-324
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• 2018

Various studies related to therapeutic horseback riding have been reported to be positive for the therapeutic effect of patients with cerebral palsy; however, most of the previous studies focused on to muscle development with training period related to the physical effects of therapeutic horseback riding. To identify the causes and phenomena of muscular activation of the body through actual therapeutic horseback riding exercise and to promote the excellence of physical effects of therapeutic horseback riding. This study was a nonrandomized prospective positive-controlled trial design. Twelve teenaged males with cerebral palsy were selected who had experienced riding exercise for 8-12 months. This study measured 8 muscle activities of the pectoralis major muscle (PM), biceps brachii (BB), rectus abdominis muscle (RA), latissimus dorsi muscle (LD), spinal erector muscle (SE), rectus femoris muscle (RF), anterior tibial muscle (AT), and external gastrocnemius muscle (EG) by using electromyography (EMG). Muscle activity was significantly higher in horse riding position than sitting on the common chair in all muscles (PM, BB, RA, LD, SE, RF, AT, and EG). The activity of the body muscles according to the difference of horse walking method (walk: WA; sitting trot: ST; and riding trot: RT) of therapeutic horse riding showed the highest muscle activity in the PM muscle at ST, and the highest activity at BB, RA, LD, SE, and AT muscles at ST and RT, and showed the highest muscle activity in RF and EG muscle at RT. The results of this study suggest that intervention for the treatment of cerebral palsy patients can use therapeutic riding exercise as a rehabilitation method.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2012

Horse riding is widely recognized as a valuable form of education, exercise and therapy. But, the injuries observed in horse riding range from very minor injuries to fatalities. In order to reduce these injuries, the effective horseback riding simulator is required. In this paper, we proposed the implementation method of horse gait and riding aids for horseback riding robot simulator HRB-1. For implementation of horse gait to robot simulator, we gathered and modified real motion data of horse. We obtained two main frequencies of each gait by frequency analysis, and then simple sinusoidal functions are acquired by genetic algorithm. In addition, we developed riding aids system including hands, leg, and seat aids. With the help of a developed robotic system, beginners can learn the skill of real horse riding without the risk of injury.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of horse riding simulator exercise on the thickness changes in the transverse abdominis in normal adults. Methods: Forty-five healthy adults were recruited and randomized to a horseback riding simulation exercise group (n=15), a sling exercise group (n=15), and a trunk stabilization exercise group (n=15). A horseback riding simulator offers the indoor experience of horseback riding and mimics the rhythmic movement of horseback riding, thereby provided a virtual environment, such as riding a real horse on the front screen. The velocity of the horse riding simulator exercise was regulated within the subject's ability to control the exercise on the horse riding simulator. A sling exercise group performed sling exercise under the inspection of the experimenter. In the trunk stabilization exercise group, the subjects were instructed to perform the exercise accurately and pause the session when pain occurred during the intervention. The subjects in each group carried out the interventions three times per week for six weeks. The thickness of the transverse abdominis was measured using a pressure biofeedback unit and the ultrasound. Results: Significant differences in the thickness of transverse abdominis within the groups were observed between before and after the interventions. On the other hand, there were no differences in the parameters among the groups. Conclusion: Horse riding simulator exercise can be an alternative to trunk stabilization exercise by increasing the thickness of the transverse abdominis in healthy adults.