• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.759-765
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• 2010

Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical manifestations of and risk factors for pituitary insufficiency in children and adolescents with Rathke's cleft cysts. Methods: Forty-four patients with Rathke's cleft cysts younger than 19 years who visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital between January 1995 and September 2009 were enrolled. Rathke's cleft cysts were confirmed histologically through an operation in 15 patients and by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 29 patients. The clinical, hormonal, and imaging features were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The clinical presentation of symptomatic patients was as follows: headache (65%), endocrinopathy (61%), and visual disturbance (19%). Endocrinopathy included central precocious puberty (18%), diabetes insipidus (14%), general weakness (11%), and decreased growth velocity (7%). After surgery, hyperprolactinemia resolved in all patients, but growth hormone insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and diabetes insipidus did not improve. Pituitary insufficiency except gonadotropin abnormality correlated significantly with severe headache, visual disturbance, general weakness, and cystic size. Suprasellar extension of cysts and high signals in the T2-weighted image on brain MRI were related to hypothyroidism, hypocortisolism, and diabetes insipidus. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that only general weakness was a risk factor for pituitary insufficiency ($R^2$=0.549). Conclusion: General weakness is a risk factor for pituitary insufficiency in patients with Rathke's cleft cysts. When a patient with a Rathke's cleft cyst complains of general weakness, the clinician should evaluate pituitary function and consider surgical treatment.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.705-717
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify symptom clusters in patients with breast cancer and to investigate the associations among them with functional status and quality of life (QOL). Methods: A convenient sample of 303 patients was recruited from an oncology-specialized hospital. Results: Two distinct clusters were identified: A gastrointestinal- fatigue cluster and a pain cluster. Each cluster significantly influenced functional status and QOL. Based on these two clusters, we identified subgroups of symptom clusters using K-means cluster analysis. Three relatively distinct patient subgroups were identified in each cluster: mild, moderate, and severe group. Disease-related factors (i.e., stage, metastasis, type of surgery, current chemotherapy, and anti-hormone therapy) were associated with these subgroups of symptom clusters. There were significant differences in functional status and QOL among the three subgroups. The subgroup of patients who reported high levels of symptom clusters reported poorer functional status and QOL. Conclusion: Clinicians can anticipate that breast cancer patients with advanced stage, metastasis, and who receive mastectomy, and chemotherapy will have more intense gastrointestinal-fatigue or pain symptoms. In order to enhance functional status and QOL for patients with breast cancer, collective management for symptoms in a cluster may be beneficial.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2016

Objectives : Historical study on application of Kyungohkgo, one of the most popular tonic medicine, and suggestion of modernistic method through it Methods : Investigated effect and its range of Kyungohkgo in original texts of Korean medicine, and researched studies on medical action and treatment effect of Kyungohkgo nowaday. Results : Kyungohkgo has "replenish essence and marrow(補精益髓)" as a major effect, and various original text suggested that Kyungohkgo can be used as antioxidant tonic medicine, treatment of respiratory disease like tuberculosis and medicine for bone disease controling hormone. Several research about these subjects has been progressed recently. However, the most of these researches is not an in-depth study about virtues in original texts, but deduced from effects of Kyungohkgo, and there are some studies experimented with Kyungohkgo that has not followed its own formula. Conclusions : It is required to discuss new application based on understanding effect and is range of Kyungohkgo. It could be thought that using for skin disease based on t theory of "lung presides skin and hair", chronic pulmonary disease based on treatment of cough(咳嗽), and disease of uterine and bone based on "replenish essence and marrow(補精益髓)".

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2017

Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LCAH) is the severe form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and is characterized by adrenal insufficiency with hyperpigmentation and female external genitalia irrespective of genetic sex. The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) is required for the transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria for steroidogenesis, and defects in the StAR gene account for the majority of LCAH cases. In this report, we present a two-day-old hyperpigmented infant with phenotypical female genitalia. With consideration of the clinical and laboratory findings, the infant was suspected of having adrenal insufficiency due to LCAH and treated with glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and sodium chloride. Karyotyping revealed 46, XY. Upon pelvis ultrasonography, adrenal hyperplasia with abdominal masses (thought to be the testicles) was reported. Molecular analysis with targeted exome sequencing revealed the homozygote mutation of c.772C>T ($p.Q258^*$) in exon 7 of the StAR gene. The early detection and treatment of adrenal insufficiency in infants with hyperpigmentation can prevent clinically apparent adrenal crises. During follow-up, the patient had a good clinical condition and maintained normal electrolyte and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels with medication.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.74.2-74
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• 2003

Arabidopsis infected with beet curly top virus (BCTV) has the systemic symptoms like stunting of Plant growth, curling of leaves and shoot tips, and callus induction. The regulation of sucrose metabolism by BCTV infection is essential for obtaining the energy source in the process of virus replication and symptom development. Sucrose metabolism-associated gene expression and biochemical enzyme activity were analyzed with the rossette leaves and inflorescencestems of BCTV infected Arabidopsis by the time course of 1, 7, 14, 21 day postinoculation. The expression of invertase and sucrose synthase genes ( encoding sucrose-cleaving enzymes )was increased and reversely the level of Atkin10a ( sucrose non-fermenting gene ) was decreased, resulting by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The biochemical analysis of invertase and sucrose synthase activity was performed. The activity of neutral invertase in the inflorescence stems was elevated remarkably. The photosynthetic response in the source of sucrose metabolism was consistent with the down-regulation of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase gene, and lower activity than mock-inoculated plants. The levels of genes pertaining to the cell cycle, hormone, and biotic stress-related pathway showed an increase or a decrease dependent on viral symptoms. Therefore, sucrose sensing by BCTV infection can regulate the expression of sucrose metabolism-related key enzymes such as invertase and Atkin10a, and these gene products might influence to symptom development.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1993

A multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors and five year survival rate was carried out on a series of 72 thyroid cancers treated surgically from 1980 to 1987 and followed for 1 to 11 years. The prognosis of the disease was significantly influenced by age at diagnosis, extracapsular invasion, angioinvasion and pathologic type, but the disease was not influenced by sex, lymph node metastasis, and 'risk' category. The overall five year survival rate was 89.7%. Six patients were dead of tumor after surviving for six months to two and half years, and the cause of death was local recurrence in three, lung metastasis in two and bone metastasis in one patient. Five year survival rate in age above fifty, presence of capsule and angioinvasion, follicular carcinoma, and extrathyroidal lesion was significantly shorter than that of patients with age below fifty, absence of capsule and angioinvasion, papillary carcinoma, and intrathyroidal lesion. Patients at low risk or with small carcinomas had long survival over 5 years with only lobectomy. Lymph node dissection was done with a limited type in no jugular metastasis, radical neck disscetion was performed only therapeutically in proved jugular node metastasis. Thyroid hormone was administered for the period of 3 to 5 years to suppress endogenous TSH production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.31-41
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• 2000

The major issue in the post genome sequencing era is determination of gene expression patterns in variety of biological systems. A microarray system is a powerful technology for analyzing the expression profile of thousands of genes at one experiment. In this study, we constructed cDNA microarray which carries 2,304 cDNAS derived from oligo-capped mouse cDNA library. Using this hand-made microarray we determined gene expression in various biological systems. To determine tissue specific genes, we compared Nine genes were highly-expressed in adult mouse brain compared to kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. Tissue distribution analysis using DNA microarray extracted 9 genes that were predominantly expressed in the brain. A database search showed that five of the 9 genes, MBP, SC1, HiAT3, S100 protein-beta, and SNAP25, were previously known to be expressed at high level in the brain and in the nervous system. One gene was highly sequence similar to rat S-Rex-s/human NSP-C, suggesting that the gene is a mouse homologue. The remaining three genes did not match to known genes in the GenBank/EMBL database, indicating that these are novel genes highly-expressed in the brain. Our DNA microarray was also used to detect differentiation specific genes, hormone dependent genes, and transcription-factor-induced genes. We conclude that DNA microarray is an excellent tool for identifying differentially expressed genes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1991

The study aimed to confirm transformation, morphology, steroid alkaloidal TLC pattern and growth rate of hairy roots. The Solanum nigrum plantlets were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 15834. Hairy roots were induced by plasmid. Agropine and mannopine were detected in the hairy roots. The organization of hairy roots on the transactional morphology was undifferentiated. Culture on the medium containing hormone(IBA 2, kinetin 0.1mg/l) altered hairy roots into callus. The growth rate of hairy roots on the NN30 liquid medium was 52 times heavier than in the original state and this was higher than on the other media. The results of TLC analysis indicated that the hairy roots produced steroidal alkaloids resembling those of normal roots.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.671-680
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• 1999

In order to investigate the relationship between plasma renin activity and metabolism of Ca and Na in blood pressure, the habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca urinary excretion of Ca, Na and K, and plasma level of renin activity, aldosterone, and indices of Ca metabolism were measured in 27 untreated hypertensive women and 30 age-matched normal women on a free diet. Hypertensive subjects were classified into high renin hypertensive (HH), medium renin hypertensive(HM) and low renin showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HM groups. It appeared that 25-(OH) Vit D3 level of HH group was significantly higher than LH group(p<0.05). There was significant difference in habitual intake of Ca between normotensive and LH groups. However, habitual intake of Na showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HH group. Positive correlation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with PTH(r=0.324, r=0.375) and urinary Ca(r=0.496, r=0.278) and a negative correlation of systolic blood pressure with habitual Ca intake(r=-0.371) existed(p<0.05). A relative magnitude of factors affecting hypertension was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to dependent variable (systolic blood pressure) indicated that urinary Ca was the higher correlation in all subjects(p<0.0001), followed by age and aldosterone. PTH showed a significant correlation for relative influence on diastolic blood pressure in all subjects. The above results indicated that renin-aldosterone system and Ca regulating hormone had a mutual relationship in hypertension.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2005

It has been suggested that dietary fat increases the risk of breast cancer by elevating serum estrogen concentrations. However, studies on a relationship between fat intake and breast cancer risk have shown contradictory results, possibly because the levels of fat intake in study populations were too high to observe differences. Also, the effect of other dietary factors may present. The present study was performed to investigate the relationship between diet and estrogen metabolism in premenopausal women whose usual fat intake is relatively low compared to their western counterparts. Twenty lacto-ovo vegetarians (LOV) and twenty omnivores participated in the study. Three day food records including a Saturday or a Sunday were used to estimate nutrient intake. Serum lipids, estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin, and urinary estradiol were measured. Study results showed $24.8\%$ and $20.9\%$ of energy intake were provided from fat in omnivorous and LOV subjects, respectively. Serum and urinary levels of estradiol were two times higher in omnivores. Fat intake was not related to either serum estradiol nor urinary estradiol when the Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was performed. Carbohydrate, total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber intakes were negatively related to serum estradiol concentration. Legumes, vegetables and fruit consumption showed significantly negative relationships with both serum and urinary estradiol concentrations. These results indicate lower estrogen availability may be associated with plant food­based diets in premenopausal women whose usual diets contain less than $25\%$ of energy as fat.