• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1994

The effects of smear and well resistance should be taken into account for the design of sand drains. Practically, simple design, which employs the method using 112 reduced diameter of drains or assuming the coefficient of consolidation in horizontal direction equals to that in vertical direction, based on the theory neglecting these effects, has been used. In this study, the reliability of existing simple design methods as well as the influences of smear and well resistance was investigated with the equations proposed by Hansbo and Onoue. It is shown that the consolidation time is chiefly governed by the effect of smear for drains with highly permeable sands. For general soil condition and placing type of sand drain, consolidation time is underestimated for simple design wi어. 1/2 reduced diameter of drains, and it is overestimated for that with the assumption that the coefficient of consolidation in horizontal direction equals to that in vertical direction. Through the investigations on different reduced diameter, it was shown that simple design with 1/4 reduced diameter of drains yielded the reliable results with errors less than 6%.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.33-40
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• 2000

The horizontal drain method is one of the soil improvement methods in reclamation works using dredged soils. In this method, plastic drain boards are installed horizontally in the ground, and a seepage pressure or negative pressure is applied through one end of these drains. In this study, a basic consolidation test using horizontal drains was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of this method. The configuration of soil box which was used in this test is 100cm(B)${\times}$100cm(L)${\times}$85cm(H). The drain board was reduced to 25mm${\times}$5mm. The variations in settlement and volume of drain water during the consolidation process were measured, and the distribution of water content and the transpormation of horizontal drain were investigated.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.709-727
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• 2015

The main aim of this study is to introduce optimal design of homogeneous earth dams with oblique and horizontal drains based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) incorporating weighted least squares support vector machine (WLS-SVM). To achieve this purpose, the upstream and downstream slopes of earth dam, the length of oblique and horizontal drains and angle among the drains are considered as the design variables in the optimization problem of homogeneous earth dams. Furthermore, the seepage through dam body and the weight of dam as objective functions are minimized in the optimization process simultaneously. In the optimization procedure, the stability coefficient of the upstream and downstream slopes and the seepage through dam body as the hydraulic responses of homogeneous earth dam are required. Hence, the hydraulic responses are predicted using WLS-SVM approach. The optimal results of illustrative examples demonstrate the efficiency and computational advantages of PSO with WLS-SVM in the optimal design of homogeneous earth dams with drains.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.551-558
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• 2001

The horizontal drain method is one of methods improving reclamation ground. This method reduces consolidation time by using drained installed horizontally, and negative pressure is applied on end of these drains by vacuum pump. But, effective negative pressure still wasn't evaluated in applying this method to reclamation ground. To estimate optimum negative pressure, soil box test that make a model the in-situ by installing horizontal drains in the center is performed pressing different vacuum pressure In the laboratory, and the variations in settlement and volume of drained water through the drains during consolidation process were measured. Also, water content with distance from drain and with depth is measured after the test.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.329-336
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• 1998

Sandmats are used to dissipate trapped water rapidly from the embankment built on marine soft ground. At present, however, it becomes difficult to obtain qualified sands since natural resources such as river sand are to exhausted. Also, low permeability of sand may cause low degree of consolidation and instability of embankment. In this study, design and construction methods was discussed. Drainage capacities of prefabricated horizontal drains which were installed in highway construction site are investigated in order to find possible substitution for river sands as drainage materials. On the basis of measurement data at the construction site, it was concluded that use of the prefabricated horizontal drains shows satisfactory drainage capacity without instability of embankment.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.563-570
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• 2001

In this study, the charactersistics of horizontal drains used to stabilize the dredged fill are investigated experimentally by doing tensile strength test, discharge capacity test, and filter clogging test. The types of the drains selected for the study are filament type (Tyre-E), embossed type(Type-P) and heat bonded cubic type with the thickness 10mm(Type-010) and 5mm(Type-05). The results of tensile strength and discharge capacity test show that the performance of drain Type-O10 was better than the other drains. This is caused by the fact that the lattice shape core of drain Type-O10 has strong rigidity and minimizes the loss of the sectional area of discharge with increased confining pressure. Analyzing the compatibility of filters by the results of the strength characteristics test and clogging test, the filter of filament type drain produced with polyester clothed polyamide performed well.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2008

친환경배수재에 대한 현장 적용성을 평가하기 위해 연직배수재와 수평배수재 설치 조합으로 현장시험시공을 수행하였다. 본 시험시공에서는 기존의 천연섬유배수재(FDB)와 새로 개발한 볏짚배수재(SDB) 그리고 플라스틱배수재(PDB)를 연직배수재로 설치하였으며, 화이버매트와 샌드매트를 수평배수재로 사용하였다. 볏짚배수재(SDB) 설치지역을 제외하고는 플라스틱배수재(PDB)와 천연섬유배수재(FDB) 설치 지역에서 측정한 지표침하발생속도와 과잉간극수압 발생/소산 양상은 거의 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 1차 압밀방치기간동안 측정된 상부 연약층의 콘관입저항력도 설치된 연직배수재 종류와 상관없이 일정하게 증가한 것으로 나타나 천연섬유배수재가 기존의 플라스틱이나 모래재료를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2006

천연섬유배수재의 통수능은 플라스틱드레인보드(PDB)의 통수능에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났지만, 모형시험 결과를 분석한 결과 기존 천연섬유배수재는 물론 새로 개발된 볏짚배수재도 플라스틱드레인보드 대체 가능성을 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 천연섬유배수재의 현장 적용성을 검증하기 위해 천연섬유배수재를 이용한 현장시험시공을 수행하여 이들의 현장유효통수능을 확인하고자 하였다. 시험시공은 다수의 연직배수재와 수평배수재의 조합으로 이루어진 총 5지역으로 구성하였다. 현재까지 측정된 초기 계측자료를 이용한 각 배수재의 특성은 성토지연 등의 이유로 인해 정확히 파악할 수는 없었으나, 추후 성토완료 후의 결과를 분석한다면 여러가지 연직배수재 및 수평배수재 설치 지반의 압밀거동을 분석할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 2003년도 The Korea-Japan Joint Symposium
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• pp.105-105
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• 2003

Theoretical studies have been performed for drainage and filtration characteristics, low consolidation rate of sandmat and prefabricated horizontal and vertical drain. Discussion on quality control and methodology, cost analysis for sandmat and prefabricated horizontal drains were performed.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권A호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2007

This paper is results of experimental research on the effect of application of similarity related to permeability of soil on the consolidation behavior as centrifuge modeling of consolidation is performed with the centrifuge model facility. In this research, the permeability of soil was controlled by changing the viscosity of porewater as the mixed water with glycerin was used during the centrifuge model experiments. The effect of drainage path on consolidation was investigated by installing the vertical drains. A serise of centrifuge model tests with conditions of single vertical and radial horizontal drainage were carried out. Kaolinite and Jumunjin standard sand were used as soft clay and surcharges respectively during tests. For testing condition of single vertical drainage considering similarity of permeability, it was found that consolidation with mixed porewater with glycerin was delayed in comparisons sons with test results with water only. For conditions of horizontal drainage with vertical drains, a low permeability by changing the viscosity of pore water resulted in delayed degree of consolidation at an initial stage of consolidation. But, it predicted not much differences in settlement as long as the consolidation time was sufficiently long enough to finish consolidation. Consequently, it was found that similarity in permeability should be considered to be critical for the case of centrifuge model experiments related to consolidation with long drainage path.