• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cooperative learning method on student achievement and attitude in Home Economics. and that what sort of effectiveness be existed between the two groups. Homogeneous & Heterogeneous one in achievement. A junior middle school in Kwangju was served for the study. Setting two groups: One is for cooperative learning and other for traditional learning. Two classes were provided with cooperative learning method. while one class with traditional learning method. Two hours of a week were devoted for the experiment. and it was also planned to be lasted six weeks from the third of June. 1998. until the 13th of July. 1998. The results are as follows: 1) Student achievement from cooperative learning method showed a little higher than those from traditional learning method. 2) Cooperative learning method was more effective than traditional learning method. mental attitude toward school. lessons and teachers were more higher than those the traditional learning method. 3) The group of Heterogeneous members was higher than the group of Homogeneous members in their student achievement. 4) It is noticeable that two groups under cooperative learning method. however showed some difference when each of them is placed in different organization. The group of Heterogeneous members was more affirmative attitude toward school. lessons and teachers than the one Homogeneous members.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 조 활동 기술을 교려한 집단 구성 방법(동질/이질)이 학생들의 개념 이해도, 과학 학습 환경에 대한 인식, 의사소통 불안, 소집단 토론에 대한 인식 등에 미치는 효과를 비교하였다. 수업 처치는 상태변화, 밀도, 용해 개념에 대해 9차시 동안 진행되?駭? 이원 공변량 분석 결과, 개념 검사 접수에서는 집단 구성 방법에 따라 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 과학 학습 환경에 대한 인식 중 '학생간의 협상' 범주에서 조 활동 기술 상위 학생들은 이질 집단에서, 하위 학생들은 동질 집단에서 보다 긍정적으로 인식하였다. 의사소통 불안에서는 유의미한 차이가 존재하지 않았다. 소집단 토론에 대한 인식 검사 결과, 불균등한 토론 참여를 단점으로 인식하는 학생이 동질 집단보다 이질 집단에 더 많았다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2002

이 연구에서는 협동학습 전략을 사용한 중학교 과학 수업에서 학생들의 유화성을 고려한 소집단 구성이 학업 성취도, 과학 수업에 대한 자신감과 만족감, 과학 수업에 대한 태도, 구성원간 응집성 등에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 158명 학생들을 전통 집단과 동질 및 이질 집단으로 배치하고, 혼합물의 분리 단원에 대하여 7차시 동안 수업을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 학업 성취도에서는 차이가 없었다. 그러나, 만족감과 구성원간 응집성에서 수업 처치와 유화성 수준 사이의 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. 유화성 상위 학생들은 동질 집단에서 만족감과 응집성이 높았다. 동질 집단의 학생들이 다른 집단의 학생들보다 과학 수업에 대한 태도가 높았다.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.557-573
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• 2011

Let G be a compact and connected semisimple Lie group, H a closed subgroup, g (resp. h) the Lie algebra of G (resp. H), B the Killing form of g, g the normal metric on the homogeneous space G/H which is induced by -B. Let D be an invarint connection with Weyl structure (D, g, ${\omega}$) in the tangent bundle over the normal homogeneous Riemannian manifold (G/H, g) which is projectively flat. Then, the affine connection D on (G/H, g) is a Yang-Mills connection if and only if D is the Levi-Civita connection on (G/H, g).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

Objective : Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) has proven useful in the study of the natural history of ischemic stroke. However, the potential of DW-MRI for the evaluation of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has not been established. In this study, we investigated DW-MRI findings of CSDH and evaluated the impact of the image findings on postoperative outcomes of CSDH. Methods : We studied 131 CSDH patients who had undergone single burr hole drainage surgery. The images of the subdural hematomas on preoperative DW-MRI and computed tomography (CT) were divided into three groups based on their signal intensity and density : 1) homogeneous (iso or low) density on CT and homogeneous low signal intensity on DW-MRI; 2) homogeneous (iso or low) density on CT and mixed signal intensity on DW-MRI; and 3) heterogeneous density on CT and mixed signal intensity on DW-MRI. On the basis of postoperative CT, we also divided the patients into 3 groups of surgical outcomes according to residual hematoma and mass effect. Results : Analysis showed statistically significant differences in surgical (A to B : p<0.001, A to C : p<0.001, B to C : p=0.129) and functional (A to B : p=0.039, A to C : p<0.001, B to C : p=0.108) outcomes and treatment failure rates (A to B : p=0.037, A to C : p=0.03, B to C : p=1) between the study groups. In particular, group B and group C showed worse outcomes and higher treatment failure rates than group A. Conclusion : CSDH with homogeneous density on CT was characterized by signal intensity on DW-MRI. In CSDH patients, performing DW-MRI as well as CT helps to predict postoperative treatment failure or complications.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to analyze air quality in underground shopping centers using pattern recognition methods. In order to perform this, the concentraion of air pollutants such as $CO, NO_2, NO_x, SO_2$, and particulate matters was measured at the 11 different shopping centers in Seoul metropolitan area and the total of 47 samples were obtained at random based on the size of shopping centers. To introduce a new concept of the "average concentration" for the indoor air quality analyses, the various multivariate statistical analyses have been studied. Thus, a cluster analysis was applied to separate the samples into pseudo-patterns and a disjoint principal component analysis was used to generate homogeneous patterns after removing outliers from the pseudo-patterns. The 6 homogeneous patterns were then obtained as follows:the first pattern was a group of clean sites;the second a group of sites having high dust concentration;the third a group of sites having high dust and $NO_x$ concentration;the fourth a group of sites having low dust and $SO_2$ concentraion and high CO concentration;the fifth a group of sites having high $NO_2 and SO_2$ concentration;and the final a group of miscellaneous sites. Thus, the average concentration could be estimated for each pattern.h pattern.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.497-516
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• 2018

본 연구는 초등학교 5학년 학생들의 수학적 모델링 수업에서 모둠 구성 방법에 따라 수학적 모델링 과정 수행 능력과 수학적 추론 능력에 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 3가지 문제 상황으로 각각 8차시에 걸쳐 총 24차시의 수학적 모델링 수업을 설계 및 실시하였다. 그 결과 동질 모둠 보다는 이질 모둠에서 더 낳은 수학적 모델링 과정 수행 능력과 수학적 추론 능력을 보여 주었다. 본 연구 결과는 수학 수업에서 수학적 모델링을 적용할 때 모둠 구성의 관점에서 이질 모둠이 보다 효과적임을 시사한다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.660-670
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• 2002

이 연구에서는 사회적 상호작용을 강조한 과학 탐구실험을 실시하여 학생-학생 상호작용의 유형을 분류하고, 인지수준에 따른 모둠별 상호작용 양상을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 인지수준이 이질적인 모둠과 동질적인 모둠을 각각 2모둠씩 선정하여 활동지를 해결하는 과정을 녹음, 녹화하였다. 학생들의 상호작용 유형을 크게 인지적 측면과 정의적 측면으로 나누어 인지적 측면은 "질문", "응답", "의견제시", "의견 받기"로 구분하여 각 범주를 상호작용의 질적 수준에 따라 세분하였다. 정의적인 측면은 "활동참여도", "분위기관련", "의견에 대한 반응"으로 나누었다. 동질, 이질 모둠의 인지적, 정의적 상호작용의 빈돌르 비교하여 상호작용 양상을 분석한 결과 인지적 측면에서는 동질 모둠이 이질 모둠에 비해 상호작용의 빈도가 더 높았고 상호작용의 질적 수준도 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 정의적 측면에서는 교사 의존도나 모둠에 대한 불만 등 동질 모둠에서 부정적인 태도를 더 많이 보였으나, 동료의 의견에 '수용'과 '반대'를 표현하는 빈도는 동질 모둠이 더 많아 자신의 의견을 말할 수 었는 토론분위기가 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of Danjeon Breathing exercise and walking exercise on blood lipids, physical symptoms and hemoglobin of middle-aged women to determine which of these two exercises was more beneficial. Methods: The Danjeon breathing exercise group(20) took health management counseling and performed an eighty-minute Danjeon breathing exercise three times a week for 12 weeks while the walking exercise group(25) took health management counseling and performed a walking exercise seven hours per week for 12 weeks. The control group(20) received only health management counseling. The groups were homogeneous on age, religion, marital status, education, profession, monthly income per household, menopause, smoking, drinking, fat intake and cholesterol intake. Likewise, the groups were homogeneous on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol,atherogenic index, hemoglobin and physical symptoms. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS PC program and $x^2$-test, ANOVA, repeated measures of ANOVA and LSD. Results: 1. Total cholesterol of the Danjeon breathing exercise group and the walking exercise group were lower than that of the control group. 2. HDL- cholesterol of the Danjeon breathing exercise group and the walking exercise group were not higher than that of the control group. 3. Atherogenic index of the Danjeon breathing exercise group was lower than that of the control group, but atherogenic index of the walking exercise group was not lower than that of the control group. 4. Hemoglobin of the Danjeon breathing exercise group and the walking exercise group were not higher than that of the control group. 5. Physical symptom score of the Danjeon breathing exercise group was lower than those of the walking exercise group and the control group, but Physical symptom score of the walking exercise group was not lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: Danjeon breathing exercise and walking exercise are effective for decreasing total cholesterol of middle-aged women. Danjeon breathing exercise is more effective for decreasing atherogenic index and physical symptoms of middle-aged women than walking exercise.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.725-734
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• 1996

The present study has been performed to revise the forms of early-onset periodontitis(EOP) into the homogeneous phenotypic subsets by cluster analysis using sets of clinical parameters. Retrospective radiographic interproximal alveolar bone levels were measured from cemento-enamel junctions on patients who have previously been diagnosed as having one of EOP during last 5 years. Mean interproximal bone levels(BL) and mesial bone level(Ratio) of 1st molars relative to mean interproximal bone levels of adjacent teeth(lst and 2nd premolars and canines)were calculated on each patient. Using parameters BL and Ratio(BR group) or BL, Ratio and age(BRA group), cluster analysis was performed to revise EOP patients into homogeneous subsets. At least three or four cluster could be homogeneously formed both in BR or BRA groups with statistically significant differences in parameters used among clusters as evidenced by MANOVA test. It was shown that the greater the BL, the smaller the Ratio was. It was also evident that mean interproximal bone levels were lowest aroud 1st molars and/or incisors regardless of cluster types. The results has provided cluster-based studies for identifying laboratory markers responsible for the development of EOP subsets.