• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the patterns of exposure of welders to strong magnetic fields for extended periods of time on the basis of their daily activities as recorded in a logbook. Methods: Male workers whose main job is welding, specifically seven welders occupied with gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW), two performing shielded metal arc welding(SMAW), and ten engaged in gas metal arc welding(GMAW), were measured in terms of the degree to which they were exposed to extremely low frequency(ELF) magnetic fields over 24 hours by using an electromagnetic field meter(EMF meter), as well as based on a daily activity log. Results: The welders were exposed to $1.25{\pm}4.95{\mu}T$ of magnetic field per day on average. For those who spent more than half a day-735.26 minutes, or 51.1% of the day-at work, the figure averages $3.88{\pm}8.85{\mu}T$ with a maximum value of $221.28{\mu}T$. The subject welders spent $338.14{\pm}154.95$ minutes per day at home. During their stays at home, they were exposed to an average of $0.17{\pm}0.06{\mu}T$ with a maximum value of $3.50{\mu}T$. The maximum exposure of $221.28{\mu}T$ occurred when welders performed GMAW. The average exposure reached its highest at $17.71{\pm}6.96{\mu}T$ when conducting SMAW. Magnetic field exposure also depends upon posture: welders who sat while welding were exposed five times more than those who stood during work, and this difference is statistically significant. As for the relationship between distance from the welding power supply and maximum magnetic field exposure, maximum magnetic field exposure decreases as the distance increases. The average magnetic field exposure, in the meantime, showed no significant difference depending on distance. Conclusions: The following were observed through this study: 1) welders, while conducting jobs, are exposed to magnetic fields not only from the welding machine, but also from the surrounding base material due to the current flowing between the welding machine and base material, meaning that they are continuously exposed to a magnetic field; and 2) welders are more exposed to magnetic fields while they sit at a job compared to when they stand up.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.225-239
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to look for the basic formative elements of housekeeping space of our cultural life which are worthy to succeed and develop by revaluating in modern view and to reveal what we should maintain form the women's view of the housework in those days. In this study, out look on Chosun Dynasty housekeeping is based on the norm of the women in those days. The research on the housekeeping space for norm of the women in those days. the research on the housekeeping space for Chosun Dynasty upperclass is focused on the house built from early till late Chosun Dynasty, which is now a cultural asset. As a result, norm of Chosun Dynasty have created a social wide atmosphere for women to devote herselves to the housekeeping. Moreover the constructions of Chosun Dynasty's upperclass are affected by Korea's natural environment and socio-cultural environment. Primary factors for natural environment are building materials and the change of seasons. Because of changeable seasons, there were places for storing massive commodities. The other primary factors for socio-cultural environment affecting housekeeping space were social positions, and extended family system, worshipping the ancestors standard of living, the theory of“Poong Soo”(風水, a kind of geomancy) and thought of“Yin and Yang, Five Elements”(陰陽五行) and popular belief of that time. Affected by these two environments, the characteristics of housekeeping space for Chosun Dynasty are ; the main building of the house was used as a diverted area for women to work, and was reconstructed for household affairs. There were inefficient points in the housekeeping space of that time and the space remained stagnant because of the restricted sex and the social position of housekeeping doer. But you could find some points that are efficient and functional to adjust in those living conditions. The storehouse, storage barn, shed and soyjar terrace are the specialized storing place, according to the kinds and characteristics of the commodities. the kitchen, for example, is the combinations of many abilities. It is not only for cooking or heating the room, but also for storing drinking water. The hall which was the storing place, housekeeping place and also the place for family events are used as a diverted place. The linked arrangement of kitchen, store house, boudoir and the other rooms. In addition, we can see that the construction of the kitchen for more than tow people could work in.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-66
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• 2012

Recently, Korean baby boomers, which make up approximately 15% of the total population, have begun to retire. Their economic well being is one of Korea's most important social issues. The purpose of this study was to compare the economic structure of baby boomers' households with that of the prior generation, as well as to analyze the determinants of economic satisfaction from the perspective of "work" and "child educational burden." In addition, group comparisons were made regarding economic resource allocation between baby boomers and the prior generation and within baby boomers of different work and child educational burden statuses. Data from the 2nd wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA), including baby boomers and the generation prior to the baby boomers, were used. The major findings were as follows. First, the baby boomers had a different economic structure, level of economic satisfaction, and economic resource allocation when compared to the prior generation. The economic structure of baby boomers in terms of income, expenditure, savings and assets, debts, and trust in policies significantly differed from their counterparts. Second, the determinants of economic satisfaction and the propensity of resource allocation were different depending on whether they worked or had a child educational burden, respectively. Based on these empirical results, policy implications for the future economic well being of baby boomers were provided.

• 아동학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 1986

The present study investigated the current child care practices of professional working mothers in Korea and their needs for substitute child care outside the home. Three hundred twenty-two professional working mothers who have children under 6 years of age in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, and Taejon were surveyed with the use of a questionnaire. It was found that during their working hours, most of the professional working mothers put their children in the care of either the paternal or the maternal grandmothers. Others put the children in the care of a full-time housekeeper or a part-time housekeeper. While all the mothers had worked out a way to care for their children, almost all of them would use day care if facilities were available. Specifically, 42 per cent prefer child care at their work site, 21 per cent prefer family day care, and only 3 per cent indicated that they would not use any child care facilities. Most of the working mothers think that their employer should manage the day care program. Others prefer social agency or government management. Regarding costs, most prefer that costs should be split 50-50 between the employer and the family. In addition, professional working mothers wanted quality programs with educational components rather than mere custodial care. It was concluded that variety in types of quality child care programs should be available to provide working mothers the options of choosing what they want for their children. The main type of programs suggested by this study is work site based child care for children under 3 years of age. The existing law for the Saemaul Nursery School program should be implemented so as to include programs for children under 3.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2016

Purpose: This descriptive research was carried out to identify how high school students' attitude to death and their meaning of life were affected by hospice volunteering and death education. Methods: This study is based on a structured questionnaire designed for 180 high school students who were given death education while doing volunteer work at non-profit hospice hospitals and another 288 high school students not doing any hospice volunteer work. The collected data was processed by the SPSS 20.0 program and then analyzed by $x^2$ test, t-test and ANOVA test. Results: High school students' attitude to death and their meaning of life showed significant differences depending on whether or not they had volunteered at hospice hospitals. The group with hospice volunteering experience tended to be more negative about death and have a higher meaning of life compared to those without hospice volunteering experience. Students with proper hospice recognition made up 52.4%, those who expressed hopes to receive hospice-care themselves if necessary accounted for 70.5%, and those who said they would like to take care of their family members either at home or at a hospice center if any of them got incurably sick comprised 59.0%. Those who thought dignified death is to be with one's family or any other meaningful person were 47.6% and 18.5% of the students thought that 'thinking they had led a meaningful life' was the core of a dignified death. Conclusion: Given the above results, it became clear that hospice volunteering and death education can affect high school students' meaning of life and their attitudes toward death.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2001년도 Bulletin of The 5th Asian Design Conference International Symposium on Design Science
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• pp.9.1-9
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• 2001

Concerning the development of suitable healthcare equipment for a aged people at their homes in order to reduce the labor and increase the efficiency in the homehelpers' work, we conducted a study on the actual conditions of healthcare in Kyoto city (healthcare in taking a meal and excretion, moving and taking a bath by using a hand-powered lift, moving by a wheelchair, shower carrier healthcare, assistance in body care and housework) by digital video filming, interviews and layout investigations. On the base of those investigations by using methods for analysis of video pictures, we divided the healthcate work into scenes and e exctracted the main problems in terms of health care equipment, information, environment, healthcare skills, mental burden, social s system, family burden, ete. Furthermore the questionnaire survey of home helpers (18 persons - 50% answers) clarified that more than half of them have lumbago pains and the biggest load in the everyday healthcare c comes from moving the patients or getting them into or out of t the equipment for moving. Finally we considered concrete proposals appropriate for each h healthcare scene image, based on evaluation toward efficiency (design guidelines) for suitable healthcare equipment for aged people at their homes: 1) Design toward a proper posture 2) Design toward self-help possibility 3) Design toward patient active participation 4) Design toward rationality of the whole process 5) Design toward place-appropriate healthcare equipment 6) Design toward healing of mind 7) Good level of healthcare skills 8) Economic, systematic rationality

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.68-81
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• 2002

Arthritis patients living in a rural town are thought to have more problems in terms of life stress, social support, and depression than those living in an urban city. But there were few studies which investigated the status of arthritis patients living in a rural town. This study investigated how much life stress they got, which life events were perceived as stress, what kind of social support were most perceived, and how much they were depressed. Fifty six arthritis patients were surveyed using structured questionnaire. Life stress, social support, and depression were assessed using the following scales: Life changes scale, Duke's short scale to measure social support, and CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Study- Depression), respectively. They were found to perceive life stress in home-work, health and work, in order. And they were found to perceive relatively good social support. But they sot most of social support from their family members especially their spouses and children. Lastly, it was found that they were moderately depressed. Based upon these results, it is suggested that integrative rehabilitation programs which provide professional support and reduce depression are necessary for arthritis patients living in rural towns.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제44권4호통권316호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2007

사회제도가 개선되고 기술이 발전함에 따라 고령인구와 장애인의 사회 참여가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 지능 로봇 및 지능형 주거공간 등의 여러 시스템들의 이들의 사회 참여를 돕기 위해 개발되었고, 실제 고령 인구와 장애인의 독립적인 생활 영위에 많은 기여를 하고 있다. 그러나 상기의 시스템들을 구축하기 위해서는 대부분 고가의 특별한 하드웨어가 요구된다. 실제 시스템을 사용하게 될 계층의 경제적 어려움을 고려하면 기존의 노트북 컴퓨터와 같은 일반적 하드웨어를 사용하는 소프트웨어 기반의 시스템의 개발이 요구된다. 한편 이러한 소프트웨어는 컴퓨터 사용에 익숙하지 않으며 신체의 움직임이 부자유스러운 사용자 계층을 위해 특수하게 제작되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 요건들을 만족시키는 소프트웨어 기반의 보조 시스템의 관련 이론을 포함한 개발 과정을 소개하고 결과물을 제시한다.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.642-648
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• 2013

이상소음은 고분자 판재가 상호간에 미끄럼 운동을 할 때 마찰에 의한 스틱-슬립 메카니즘에 의하여 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 실험적 방법을 통하여 이상소음을 줄이기 위하여 가전제품에 많이 사용되는 ABS, PP, MIPS, POM 고분자 소재에 대하여 ABS를 기초로 하여 소재간의 조합이 이상소음에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 소재간 마찰에 의한 이상소음을 평가하기 위한 실험방법과 장치를 제안하였으며, 실험변수로는 소재의 조합뿐만 아니라 고분자 판재의 표면 거칠기, 수직 접촉하중, 상대운동 속도 등을 두었다. 본 연구를 통하여 이상소음 저감을 위해서 ABS 소재와 POM 소재 조합이 가장 좋음을 알 수 있었으며, 다른 재료조합에 대한 결과도 상호 비교하였다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Given that the demand for dental care for elderly individuals is expected to increase according to demographic changes, long-term roadmaps for the current health insurance system should be actively planned. The study aimed to investigate the health insurance system in Korea, compared to that of Japan, and suggest directions for the work of dental hygienists to provide basic data on efficient improvements in the health insurance system. Based on the collected data, the website was used to collect additional related data from Korea and Japan. The most common cause of death in Korea was malignant neoplasms, and most patients were hospitalized for diseases and disorders of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. Dental care covered by Korean medical insurance for individuals aged 65 years or older was treatment oriented, such as dentures and implants, while in Japan, treatment-intensive items, such as visiting a dental hygienist for guidance and provision of home-care professional oral hygiene treatment, were covered. The percentages of remaining teeth in Korea and the percentage of remaining 20 teeth were 68.9% in those aged 65 to 74 years and 51.2% in those aged 75 to 84 years in Japan. A strategy for promoting oral health among elderly individuals should be established, and a multilateral intervention approach is required to prevent oral problems from leading to deterioration of whole-body health. The role of dental hygienists in providing comprehensive assessment to elderly individuals is important. In order to provide systemic oral care, it is necessary to introduce oral care systems according to the national policy.