• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 1994

Clotridium bovis sp. nov, is described on the basis of 5 strains isolated from the feces of Holstein cattle. The isolate are gram-positive, motile, strict anaerobic spore forming rods. They differ from all the validly described related species of the genus Clostridium in carbohydrate fermentation pattern, G+C mol% and DNA homologies. Acid is produced from arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, inulin and salicin. Major end products in PYFG broth are large amounts of butyric acid and lactic acid, and trace amounts of acetic and succinic acids. The G+C mol% of DNA from the type strain is 26 mol%. The type strain of Clostridium bovis is Catt $66^T$ strain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.309-319
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• 2017

Objective: Holsteins are known as the world's highest-milk producing dairy cattle. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic regions strongly associated with milk traits (milk production, fat, and protein) using Korean Holstein data. Methods: This study was performed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip data (Illumina BovineSNP50 Beadchip) of 911 Korean Holstein individuals. We inferred each genomic estimated breeding values based on best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and ridge regression using BLUPF90 and R. We then performed a genome-wide association study and identified genetic regions related to milk traits. Results: We identified 9, 6, and 17 significant genetic regions related to milk production, fat and protein, respectively. These genes are newly reported in the genetic association with milk traits of Holstein. Conclusion: This study complements a recent Holstein genome-wide association studies that identified other SNPs and genes as the most significant variants. These results will help to expand the knowledge of the polygenic nature of milk production in Holsteins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.638-644
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• 2007

Differences of meat qualities between Japanese Black and Holstein have been known in Japan, however, the causative proteins and/or the genetic background have been unclear. The aim of this study was to identify candidate proteins causing differences of the meat qualities between the two breeds. Using technique of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein profiling was compared from samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Five protein spots were observed with different expression levels between breeds. By using LC-MS/MS analysis and Mascot program, three of them were identified as ankyrin repeat protein 2, phosphoylated myosin light chain 2 and mimecan protein. Subsequently, we compared the DNA coding sequences of three proteins between breeds to find any nucleotide substitution. However, there was no notable mutation which could affect pI or molecular mass of the proteins. The identified proteins may be responsible for different characteristics of the meat qualities between Japanese Black and Holstein cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.769-774
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• 2006

Fractions of herd-year-season, sire by herd interaction, additive genetic and dominance genetic variances were estimated for milk production traits in Holsteins of Japan using Method R. Inbreeding depressions for milk production traits were also estimated. Estimated fractions of herd-year-season variances ranged from 0.056 to 0.074 for yield traits and from 0.033 to 0.035 for content traits. Estimated fractions of additive genetic variances to phenotypic variances (heritabilities across a herd in the narrow sense) were 0.306, 0.287, 0.273, 0.255, 0.723, 0.697 and 0.663 for milk, fat, SNF and protein yields, and fat, SNF and protein contents, respectively. Estimated fractions of dominance genetic variances ranged from 0.019 to 0.022 for yield traits and from 0.014 to 0.018 for content traits. Fractions of variances for sire by herd interaction were estimated to range from 0.020 to 0.025 for yield traits and 0.011 to 0.012 for content traits. Estimates of inbreeding depression for milk, fat, SNF and protein yields were -36.16 kg, -1.42 kg, -3.24 kg and -1.15 kg per 1% inbreeding for milk, fat, SNF and protein yields, respectively. Estimates of depression per 1% inbreeding for content traits were positive at $0.39{\times}10^{-3}%$, $0.31{\times}10^{-3}%$ and $0.82{\times}10^{-3}%$ for fat, SNF and protein contents, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of lactation records in Holstein dairy cattle on the selection rates using a total of 341,436 test records from 113, 812 heads of cattle from first to third lactation. Heritabilities for milk, fat, and protein yields were highest at first lactation (0.28, 0.24, and 0.27, respectively), and decreased to 0.14, 0.15, and 0.13 at third lactation. For the milk yields, phenotypic correlations between first and second lactation, first and third lactation, and second and third lactation were low (0.49, 0.39, and 0.47, respectively), while genetic correlations among consecutive lactations and between second and third were above 0.8 and 0.9. In Model I, of the 1,138 heads the top 1% were selected based on first lactation records, only 32.4% (396 heads) were re-selected when the second lactation records were included and the 67.6% (769 heads) were newly selected animals. While in Model II, 85.1% (1,138 heads) of the animals which were selected as the top 1% on the basis of first and second lactation records were included. A multiple trait evaluation method using multiple lactation records is more desirable than a single trait evaluation method using first lactation records only.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2021

A 23-month-old Holstein cattle showed excess salivation and reluctance of walking and suddenly died after forced sudden movements. Grossly, numerous fibrous adhesions were present within cranial abdominal cavity including the reticulum and diaphragm and thoracic cavity involving lungs, pericardial sac, and heart. A perforation made by a 10 cm-long sharp-ended wire was detected in the reticulum. Histopathologically, fibrous suppurative epicarditis and myocardial necrosis were observed. Fibrosis with neovascularization were found in lungs, spleen, and liver. And granulomatous reticulitis was observed. For differential diagnosis, no pathogenic bacteria were detected through microbiological tests and PCR results were also negative for bovine susceptible pathogenic antigens. Based on the gross and histopathological examination, we diagnosed this case as chronic traumatic pericarditis. Cattle are inquisitive and prone to swallow various kinds of metallic foreign bodies since they do not use their lips. Therefore, avoiding ingestion of metallic objects in animal feed and animal areas by careful environmental management of farms is required and farmers should give the adequate minerals and vitamins into the feeds not to lick or shallow foreign bodies in case of mineral deficiency. For veterinary practitioners, physical examination, blood tests, and diagnostic imaging (X-ray and Ultrasonography) are required for an exact diagnosis. Furthermore, placing the magnets in rumen would be effective for prophylactic administrations.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2005

Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently considered as the most sensitive method to detect low abundant DNAs in samples. Compared to conventional PCR, real-time PCR has a high reliability because of excluding false-positive results and can allow a simultaneous faster detection and quantification of target DNAs. This study was carried out to identify the Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) beef by genotyping after DNA extraction of commercial beef in 41 restaurants. Since Hanwoo, Holstein and imported cattle meat have different patterns in the MC1R gene associated with the coat colors of cattles (C-type, C/T-type or T-type), we could identify the genotype using real-time PCR The result of real-time PCR assay for beef samples in 41 restaurants which are asserted to sell Hanwoo beef only, showed that 29 of 41 samples were Hanwoo beef gene type (T-type) and 12 of 41 samples were Holstein or imported cattle gene type (C-type or C/T-type). Therefore, the proportion of Han-woo beef was $70.7\%$ and the proportion of Holstein or imported cattle meat was $29.3\%(C/T-type; 12.2\%,\;C-type; 17.1\%)$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.695-702
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• 2003

Nucleolus Organizer Regions (NORs) are the specific chromosome sites where ribosomal genes are located and highly expressed. We have applied the AgNOR staining to identify the distribution of NORs in the chromosomes of Korean Cattle. We have also studied the NORs pattern on the cells originated from different breeds, tissues and sex. Peripheral blood from forty-four Korean Cattle and Holstein was cultured for chromosme preparation. The fibroblast culture from biopsied ear skins was also conducted for chromosome analysis. The distribution of NORs was analyzed by sequential Ag staining and G-banding on metaphases of the cells. In Korean Cattle, the NORs are localized on the telomeres of the five chromosome pairs number 2, 3, 4, 11 and 28. The number of NORs per metaphase ranged from 2 to 10 giving a mean value of 5.6. The number of NORs per cell varied among individuals and cells within same individual. The size of NORs also differed in NO-chromosomes. The number of NORs was significantly different between Korean Cattle and Holstein, fibroblasts and lymphocytes, and male and female. However, the distribution and frequency of NORs were similar among the cells regardless of breeds, tissues, and sex.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2006

This study was carried cut to determine the immunological response of uterus-induced by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Holstein cows. The LPS isolated from Bacteroids helcogenes and Fusobacterium varium was injected at the rate of 100 ${\mu}g$ with 30 ml of phospahte buffer saline(PBS) in each cow(n=5). Three cows were acted as control. There was no difference in total polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNL) concentration in uterine fluid between control and LPS groups at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after LPS treatment. There was significant difference in rate of PMNL between control and LPS groups at 24(41.7% vs 72.1%), 48(41.0% vs 81.6%) and 72 hrs(44.3% vs 79.0%) after LPS treatment. There was no difference in PMNL viability between control and LPS groups at 24, 48 and 72 hrs after LPS treatment. There was significant difference in rate of phagocytic PMNL between control and LPS groups at 48 hr after LPS treatment(1.1% vs 7.7%).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.728-733
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• 2005

The frequency and distribution of lymphoma caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in various organs were investigated. Lymphoma samples were obtained from slaughtered cattle or from cattle submitted to the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Korea. Thirty female Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle aged over three years with the BLV-associated lymphoma were studied. None of the Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) had lymphoma in this study however. Lymphoma tissues were gray to pink in color, soft in consistency, and bulged from the cut surface. In advanced lymphoma tissues, there was great variety in the appearance of involved structures due to hemorrhage, necrosis, and/or calcification. Neoplastic tissues were observed in lymph nodes in all lymphoma cases. Intestine (96.4%), heart (88.9%), stomach (73.1%), and diaphragm (62.5%) were frequently involved with lymphoma. However, there was no lymphoma detected in liver. Large neoplastic masses, sometimes reaching the size of over 20 cm, were found in the abdominal cavities. It is suggested that metastasis of lymphomas occurs mainly via lymph based on gross observations; neoplasia may have been initiated in the serosal surface of the lung, heart, peritoneum, and numerous hollow organs in the abdominal cavity. Also many organs in the abdominal and thoracic cavity were affected by neoplastic tissues simultaneously. Characteristics observed in this study could be used as criteria to differentiate BLV-associated lymphoma from other nodular lesions in the slaughterhouse and as fundamental data to make clear the mechanism of metastasis or pathogenesis of EBL.