• 제목/요약/키워드: Holistic Innovation Policy

검색결과 15건 처리시간 0.031초

Striving Towards a Holistic Innovation Policy in European Countries - But Linearity Still Prevails!

  • Edquist, Charles
    • STI Policy Review
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2014
  • The concept of a holistic innovation policy is defined in this article, with discussions of what it is, why it is relevant, and how it can be implemented to enhance product innovation. It is shown that the innovation systems approach has diffused rapidly during the latest decades and has completely replaced the linear view in the field of innovation research. The majority of European countries are striving in the direction of developing a more holistic innovation policy. However, it is concluded that the innovation policies in European countries are still dominantly linear despite the fact that holistic policy seems to be the driving vision. Innovation policy is behindhand. Why innovation policy is still linear is also preliminarily discussed. Policymakers attending conferences on innovation are practically always in favor of holistic (systemic, broad-based, comprehensive, etc) innovation policies, have abandoned the linear view by learning from innovation research. The division between "linear" and "holistic" seems to be located within the community where innovation policies are designed and implemented, a community composed of policymakers (administrators/bureaucrats) and elected politicians. Perhaps the dividing line is between these two groups in that politicians, who actually make the decisions, may still reflexively believe in the linear view. Nevertheless, there seems to be a failure in communication between researchers and politicians in the field of innovation and there is therefore a strong need to involve innovation researchers in policy design and implementation to a much higher degree. Another way to increase the degree of holism could be to separate innovation policy from research policy, since their integration tends to cement the linear character of innovation policy. The empirical results are based on a questionnaire sent to twenty-three EU Member States, out of which nineteen (83%) responded. Part of the work for this article was carried out for the European Research and Innovation Area Committee (ERAC) of the European Commission (DG RTD).

총체적 혁신정책의 이론과 적용: 핀란드와 한국의 사례 (The theory and application of holistic innovation policy: Cases of Finland and Korea)

  • 성지은;송위진
    • 기술혁신학회지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.555-579
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 제3세대 혁신정책의 주요 특성으로 나타나는 총체적 혁신정책을 살펴보고 실제 구현되는 모습을 핀란드와 우리나라의 사례를 통해 살펴보았다. 양 국가 모두 혁신정책의 영역이 경제발전이라는 단선적인 목표에서 벗어나 지속 가능한 발전, 균형발전, 삶의 질 제고 등 사회 전반의 변화와 관련된 것으로 외연을 확장하고 있다. 또한 기술혁신을 국정 운영의 중심에 두고, 인력, 교육, 지역 등 관련 정책을 새롭게 재배열하는 모습도 함께 이루어지고 있다. 특히 우리나라는 참여정부 출범이후 과학기술중심사회 구축이 국정 과제로 등장하면서 제3세대 혁신 정책의 맹아적 모습이 나타나고 있다. 반면 실제 구현 정도와 모습은 양 국가 간 차이가 있다. 핀란드는 북유럽 국가의 제도적 특성인 전형적인 코포라티즘의 전통으로 인해 전환의 장을 마련하고 추진하는 "공론의 장"을 활성화시켜 왔다. 정부의 지원 체계 또한 특정 부처의 개별 업무가 아니라 임무를 중심으로 공동의 프로그램과 수단을 개발 집행함으로써 정책의 실효성을 높여 왔다. 우리나라는 혁신 정책의 개념은 앞서 있으나, 실제 정책을 추진하거나 일하는 방식은 아직도 발전국가 시대의 틀을 유지하고 있다. 또한 전환 전반이 하향식으로 이루어지면서, 민간부문과 시민사회의 능동적인 참여가 부족했으며, 이로 인해 전환을 시도하려는 다양한 노력이 아직 탄력을 받지 못하고 있다.

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Assessment of Innovation Policy Coordination Through Korean Office of Science, Technology and Innovation (OSTI)

  • Seong, Jieun;Song, Wichin
    • STI Policy Review
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.96-112
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    • 2013
  • The need for designing and implementing integrated policy was further emphasized in tandem with the increase in interest concerning policy coordination and interactions. An active discussion is taking place in the field of innovation policy concerning "integrated innovation policy," which considers innovation along with financial, regional development, social, and environmental policies together in a holistic manner. In Korea since the beginning of the 2000s, there were many attempts at implementing integrated innovation policy through the restructuring of the overall S&T administration system. For the purposes of taking an integrated approach to S&T policies as well as to S&T-related human resources, industrial, and regional development policies, the Roh Administration (February 2003~February 2008) elevated the S&T Minister to the level of Deputy Prime Minister as well as launching the Office of Science, Technology, and Innovation (OSTI) (October 2004 ~ February 2008) under the Ministry of Science and Technology. This study investigates the policy coordination activities of the OSTI from the perspective of policy integration. It deals with the background of the OSTI, its roles and responsibilities, the coordination process, and its achievements and limitations while discussing the important implications for developing effective policy measures with the hope of contributing to the development of theories of integrated innovation policy.

통합형 혁신정책 구현을 위한 정책수단과 과제 (Means of Policy Integration and Challenges for Holistic Innovation Policy)

  • 성지은
    • 기술혁신학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.662-686
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    • 2009
  • 최근 과학기술혁신정책은 그 목표와 영역이 확대되면서 사회 환경 복지 노동 에너지 등 다른 정책 분야와의 결합이 활발해지고 있다. 특히 이명박 정부는 "저탄소 녹색성장"을 주요 국정 과제로 제시하면서 그동안 개별적으로 진행되어 온 과학기술, 환경, 사회, 자원 에너지 등 관련 정책간의 연계 통합이 핵심 과제가 되고 있다. 정책통합은 본질적으로 서로 다른 영역에서의 정책을 하나의 정책으로 묶어주는 것으로 정책의 본질적인 특성인 복잡성 시스템적 특성을 실제 정책과정에 반영하려는 노력이다. 또한 정책통합 과정에서 장기적인 비전의 공유를 강조함으로써 정부 전체의 효율성과 목표달성에 기여하도록 하는 것이다. 향후 우리나라가 나아가야 할 미래를 종합적으로 준비 설계해 나가기 위해서는 미래 예측 기능 강화와 더불어 장기적인 미래상을 바탕으로 현재를 끊임없이 준비해 나갈 필요가 있다. 특히 최근 과학기술혁신은 모든 사회변화의 기반이 되고 사회문제를 적극적으로 해결할 수 있는 핵심요소로 등장하면서, 각 부처가 소관정책에 투입하는 과학기술적 정책수단에 대해 관련 부처가 공유하고 종합적으로 검토하며 필요시 조정 통합될 수 있도록 하는 새로운 정책적 접근이 요구된다. 이와 함께 각 부처에서 각개약진 식으로 진행되고 있는 개별적이고 파편화된 정책 중 공통적 요소는 통합적인 전략으로 묶어 낼 수 있도록 하는 '정책통합'을 정책과정에 반영하거나 조직적 접근을 추가하는 경우 국가 전체적 정책효율은 제고될 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 접근은 영국 호주핀란드 등 선진국에서 최근 도입하는 통합형 정부형태에서도 볼 수 있고, 1990년대 이후 등장한 환경정책담론과도 유사하다. 우리나라의 정책결정 문화의 틀에서 부처할거주의와 수직적 의사결정의 문제점을 극복하고 과학기술적 접근의 비중을 높이며 정책효율을 제고하는 방법으로 정책통합의 방법을 제시하고 이에 필요한 정책과제를 제시하였다.

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Principles and Methodologies for STI Strategy Development: Experience and Best Practices from the Republic of Korea

  • Lee, Jeong Hyop
    • Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.411-437
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    • 2018
  • This paper articulates the STI strategy development principles and methodologies that have been elaborated through iterative processes of STI strategy development cases for the past ten years. The consultation cases include poverty traps in Nepal and Laos, African health challenges in Nigeria and Tanzania, and ASEAN global challenges in Indonesian Water, Vietnamese Green Energy, and Filipino Food, in partnership with some multilateral agencies.The iterative elaboration process has continued with consultation activities on Thailand and on Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar in planning partnership with Thailand. The principles were originally conceptualized from the benchmarking process of the Korean STI development experience. They were further incorporated as methodologies with which relevant planning bodies are guided to address individual and regional challenges through science, technology and innovation strategies. The methodologies are strong in providing plausible holistic perspective scenarios by which various stakeholders can be engaged in the planning and implementation process. But it is heuristic in nature and can be learned only through on-the-job training process. This is the structural limitation for scaling up.

지역혁신체계에서 문화의 역할 : 유후인과 유바리의 사례를 중심으로 (The Role of Culture in Regional Innovation System : Focusing on the Cases of Yufuin and Yubari)

  • 정종은;한설아
    • 지역과문화
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.47-72
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    • 2019
  • 본고는 지역균형발전 및 지역특화발전을 위해 반드시 필요한 요소로 운위되어온 지역혁신체계의 구축을 위해서 지역문화는 어떠한 역할을 감당할 수 있으며, 감당해야만 하는지를 탐색하려는 목적을 갖는다. 이를 위해 우선 국가균형발전을 위한 필수 과정으로서 지역 혁신체계를 다루는 논의가 어떠한 개념들을 중심으로 발전되어왔는지를 살펴보았다. 또한 지역혁신체계의 성공요인은 무엇이며, 지역혁신체계 구축을 위해 국내 지역혁신정책과 지역문화정책은 어떠한 흐름 속에서 전개되어 왔고 이 두 정책이 어떻게 융합되어야 하는지 검토하였다. 이론적 배경을 살핀 후에는, 지역혁신체계의 형성 과정에서 문화가 역할하는 방식을 파악하기 위해 유후인과 유바리라는 일본의 대표적인 지역혁신 사례를 검토하였다. 이는 문화가 공동체의 삶의 방식(style)으로서의 역할과 함께 예술, 콘텐츠와 같은 독특한 영역(sector)으로서의 역할도 갖기 때문에, 이러한 서로 다른 층위를 고려하면서 '문화'가 지역혁신체계의 구축에 기여할 수 있는 양태와 방식을 탐색하고자 한 것이다. 사례연구의 시사점을 도출하는 과정에서, 우리는 지역혁신체계의 형성과정에 특별히 주목할 필요가 있음을 발견하게 되었다. 각 단계의 핵심 활동의 성공이 상당 부분 해당 지역의 문화에 의존한다는 것, 그러나 이를 제대로 이해하기 위해서는 기존의 '문화' 개념과 '문화정책'을 좀 더 총체적인(holistic) 관점에서 재정립할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다.

과학기술혁신 패러다임 변화와 거버넌스 개편 방안 (Readjustment of STI Governance for Sustainability)

  • 성지은
    • 기술혁신학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.199-229
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    • 2013
  • 이명박 정부 들어 큰 변화를 겪은 과학기술계는 차기 정부의 과학기술행정체제 개편을 둘러싸고 다양한 논의를 전개했다. 최근 우리나라는 추격의 대상이 주어졌던 과거와 달리 스스로 문제를 던지고 해결해야 하는 탈추격 상황에 있다. 그 과정에서 과학기술혁신정책은 삶의 질 제고, 지속가능한 발전, 불균형 해소 등 다양한 사회적 목표를 포괄하는 3세대 혁신정책 또는 통합형 혁신정책으로의 진화를 모색하며 관련 정책 및 부처 간의 연계 조정을 핵심 과제로 다루고 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 혁신 거버넌스를 둘러싼 과학기술혁신의 활동 환경 정책 패러다임 변화를 살펴보고 차기 정부가 나아가야 할 혁신 거버넌스 개편 방향과 철학을 몇 가지 안으로 제시했다. 탈추격 혁신정책, 통합형 혁신정책 등의 철학적 기반 하에 혁신 거버넌스 개편 안으로 현행 체제를 유지하되 소프트웨어 개편을 강조하는 1안, 과학기술부 부총리 체제와 지경부의 발전적 해체를 강조하는 2안, 국과위의 발전적 개편을 강조하는 3안을 주장하였다.

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DEA를 활용한 제조 및 서비스 산업의 기술혁신활동 효율성 비교 연구 (A Comparative Study on Efficiency of Technologically Innovative Activities between Manufacturing and Service Industries Using DEA)

  • 서용윤;김문수
    • 산업공학
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.330-340
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    • 2011
  • This research aims at conducting a comparative study on the relative efficiency of technologically innovative activities between manufacturing and service industries using data envelopment analysis (DEA). First, as an individual approach, efficiency of technologically innovative activities between manufacturing and service industries is separately evaluated. The results show that efficiency of both industries is similarly low, but patterns of technologically innovative activities differ from each other. Manufacturing industries usually do innovation focusing on various outputs with a single input, whereas service industries tend to do innovation emphasizing on a single output with mixed inputs. Second, as a holistic approach to both industries, efficiency is collectively assessed. The analysis demonstrates that efficiency of service industries is higher than that of manufacturing industries, and there are similar patterns of technologically innovative activities between both manufacturing and service industries. This study provides industrial managers with policy implications based on similarities and differences between manufacturing and service industries.

STP Development in the Context of Smart City

  • Brochler, Raimund;Seifert, Mathias
    • World Technopolis Review
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.74-81
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    • 2019
  • Cities will soon host two third of the population worldwide, and already today 80% of the world energy is used in the 20 largest cities. Urban areas create 80% of the greenhouse gas emission, so we should take care that urban areas are smart and sustainable as implementations have especially here the greatest impact. Smart Cities (SC) or Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) are the actual concepts that describe methodologies how cities can handle the high density of citizens, efficiency of energy use, better quality of life indicators, high attractiveness for foreign investments, high attractiveness for people from abroad and many other critical improvements in a shifting environment. But if we talk about Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Innovation, we do not see a lot of literature covering this topic within those SC/SSC concepts. It seems that 'Smart' implies that all is embedded, or isn't it properly covered as brick stone of SC/SSC concepts, as they are handled in another 'responsibility silo', meaning that the policy implementation of a Science and Technology Park (STP) is handled in another governing body than SC/SSC developments. If this is true, we will obviously miss a lot of synergy effects and economies of scale effects. Effects that we could have in case we stop the siloed approaches of STPs by following a more holistic concept of a Smart Sustainable City, covering also a continuous flow of innovation into the city, without necessarily always depend on large corporate SSC solutions. We try to argue that every SSC should integrate SP/STP concepts or better their features and services into their methodology. The very limited interconnectivity between these concepts within the governance models limits opportunities and performance in both systems. Redesigning the architecture of the governance models and accepting that we have to design a system-of-systems would support the possible technology flow for smart city technologies, it could support testbed functionalities and the public-private partnership approach with embedded business models. The challenge is of course in complex governance and integration, as we often face siloed approaches. But real SSC are smart as they are connecting all those unconnected siloes of stakeholders and technologies that are not yet interoperable. We should not necessarily follow anymore old greenfield approaches neither in SSCs nor in SP and STP concepts from the '80s that don't fit anymore, being replaced by holistic sustainability concepts that we have to implement in any new or revised SSC concepts. There are new demands for each SP/STP being in or close to an SC/SCC as they have a continuous demand for feeding the technology base and the application layer and should also act as testbeds. In our understanding, a big part of STP inputs and outputs are still needed, but in a revised and extended format. We know that most of the SC/STP studies claim the impact is still far from understood and often debated, therefore we must transform the concepts where SC/STPs are not own 'cities', but where they act as technology source and testbed for industry and new SSC business models, being part of the SC/STP concept and governance from the beginning.

Entrepreneurial Orientation, Access to Financial Resources and SMEs' Business Performance: The Case of the United Arab Emirates

  • ZARROUK, Hajer;SHERIF, Mohamed;GALLOWAY, Laura;EL GHAK, Teheni
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제7권12호
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    • pp.465-474
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    • 2020
  • This study investigates how financial resources and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) may influence the performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Twenty-seven interviews were conducted and evaluated using the method of GABEK® (A GAnzheitliche BEwältigung von Komplexität - holistic processing of complexity). The research demonstrated that access to financial resources has significantly mediated EO's effect on the SMEs' performance. The study found that financial autonomy, enhanced through both personal financing and availability of external finance sources, plays a central role in supporting the EO dimension of autonomy and enhancing the SMEs' performance. In particular, the other EO dimension of risk-taking is stymied by lack of funds with which to take commercial and market opportunities. However, when an innovation strategy is pursued and adopted, access to finance can be facilitated, either through financial institutions or through other governmental funding programs attracting high potential innovators. Furthermore, financial barriers, difficulties accessing bank financing, and legal issues have a detrimental impact on SMEs' growth. The study has implications for policy-makers in the UAE, specifically in terms of sending a signal for lending institutions to consider strategies that provide access to affordable financial services to satisfy SMEs' needs.