• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2004

Parylene polymer thin film shows excellent homogeneous coverage chracteristics when it was deposited onto very complex three dimensional solid matters, such as deep hole and micro crack. The parylene deposition process can be conducted at room temperature although most of chemical vapor deposition processes request relatively high processing temperature. Therefore, the parylene coating process does not induce any thermal problems. Parylene thin film is transparent and has extremly high chemical stability. For example, it shows high chemical stability with high reactive chemical solutions such as strong acid, strong alkali and acetone. The bio-stability of this material gives good chances to use for a packaging of biomedical devices and electronic devices such as display. In this review article, principle of deposition process, properties and application fields of parylene polymer thin film are introduced.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.79-82
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• 2008

A method is described for ideally reconstructing the profile from a surface profiling measurement containing a reasonable amount of null measurement data. The proposed method can conjecture lost information and rectify irregular data that result due to bad measuring environments, signal transmission noise, or instrument-induced errors, The method adopts the concept of computer graphics and consists of several processing steps. First, a search for valid data in the neighborhood of the null data is performed. The valid data are then grouped and their contours are extracted. By analyzing these contours, a bounding box can be obtained and the general distribution of the entire area encompassing the valid and null data is determined Finally, an ideal surface model is overlaid onto the measurement results based on the bounding box, generating a complete reconstruction of the calculations, A surface-profiling task on a liquid crystal display photo spacer is used to verify the proposed method. The results are compared to those obtained through the use of a scanning electron microscope to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2004

Ultrasonic machining has been known as one of the conventional machining methods in the glass fabrication processes. In ultrasonic machining, typically, glass is removed by the impulse energy of the abrasive generated by the ultrasonic power. However, when the machining feature decrease under hundreds of micrometers, as conventional ultrasonic machining uses only the impulse energy of the abrasive, the speed of ultrasonic machining decreases significantly and the surface roughness becomes deteriorated. To overcome this size effect, the chemicals which can erode glasses, such as HF, XF, etc, are added to the slurry. The chemical-assisted ultrasonic machining method, so called, is another alternating effective way for micro machining of glasses. In previous work, we used the hydrofluoric acid (HF) as an additive chemical. But, as the HF solution is too poisonous to be used as a ultrasonic process additive, it is needed to be substituted by other safe chemicals. As results of the machinability comparison of several chemicals, the GST-500F was selected to replace the HF. The GST-500F (pH $4.0{\pm}1.0$) is non-volatile, odorless. During experimental works, it was shown that the machining rate increases 1.5 times faster than the conventional ultrasonic machining. The machining load also decreases. However, the enlargement of the hole diameter and significant tool wear are still the problems to be solved.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.742-747
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• 2015

The quality of steel plate products is determined by the number of defects and the process problems are estimated by shapes of defects. Therefore pinholes defects of cold rolled steel have to be controlled. In order to improve productivity and quality of products, within each production process, the product is inspected by an adequate inspection system individually in the lines of steelworks. Among a number of inspection systems, we focus on the pinholes detection system. In this paper, we propose an embedded system using FPGA which can detect pinholes defects. The proposed system is smaller and more flexible than a traditional system based on expensive frame grabbers and PC. In order to detect consecutive defects, FPGAs acquire two dimensional image and process the image in real time by using correlation of lines. The proposed pinholes detection algorithm decreases arithmetic operations of image processing and also we designed the hardware to shorten the data path between logics due to decreasing propagation delay. The experimental results show that the proposed embedded system detects the reliable number of pinholes in real time.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.58-64
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• 1998

In the gasoline engine of fuel injection type, atomization of fuel droplet and its distribution has directly influenced the performance of engine and harmful emission. To investigate atomization characteristics of fuel spray, in this paper fuel spray of air-assisted injector is observed at the various initial conditions of ambient air temperature and air assisted pressure. Behavior of fuel spray is photographed with microscopic visualization system. The SMD of fuel droplet is measured with PMAS (Particle Motion Analysis System). The effect of air-assisted pressure and temperature of ambient air resulted in the decrement of SMD and its variation. Finally, It was found that It was found that from spray angle at the two-hole injector had measured $20{\pm}4$ degree the result of photographs by shadow graphy. The mean diameter of suns decreased and the of droplets increased with increasing the temperature in the spray fields by the results of PMAS measurement. It was found that the characteristics of sprays became finer by increasing the temperature of spray fields about 373K without the delivery of air-assistance.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.181-193
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• 2010

The paper presents an alternative way to classical stereocorrelation. First, 2D image processing of random patterns is described. Sub-pixel displacements are determined using phase analysis. Then distortion evaluation is presented. The distortion is identified without any assumption on the lens model because of the use of a grid technique approach. Last, shape measurement and shape variation is caught by fringe projection. Analysis is based on two pin-hole assumptions for the video-projector and the camera. Then, fringe projection is coupled to in-plane displacement to give rise to 3D measurement set-up. Metrological characterization shows a resolution comparable to classical (stereo) correlation technique ($1/100^{th}$ pixel). Spatial resolution seems to be an advantage of the method, because of the use of temporal phase stepping (shape measurement, 1 pixel) and windowed Fourier transform (in plane displacements measurement, 9 pixels). Two examples are given. First one is the study of skin properties; second one is a study on leather fabric. In both cases, results are convincing, and have been exploited to give mechanical interpretation.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2010

Polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) were welded by a combination of a diode laser and a CNC machining center. Laser beam delivered through the transparent PC and was absorbed in an opaque ABS. Polymers were melted and joined by absorbed and conducted heat. Experiments were carried out by varying working distance from 44mm to 50mm for the focus spot diameter control, laser input power from 10W to 25W, and scanning speed from 100 to 400mm/min. The weld bead and cross-section were analyzed for weld quality, and tensile results were presented through the joint force measurement. With focus distance at 48mm, laser power with 20W, and welding speed at 300mm/min, experimental results showed the best welding quality which bead size was measured to be 3.75mm. The shear strength at the given condition was $22.8N/mm^2$. Considering tensile strength of ABS is $43N/mm^2$, shear strength was sufficient to hold two materials. A single process was possible in a CNC machining system, surface processing, hole machining and welding. As a result, the process cycle time was reduced to 25%. Compared to a typical process, specimens were fabricated in a single process, with high precision.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2018

Multiple synaptic boutons (MSBs) have been reported to be synapse with two or more postsynaptic terminals in one presynaptic terminal. These MSBs are known to be increased by various brain stimuli. In the motor cortex, increased number of MSB was observed in both acrobat training (AC) model and traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. Interestingly one is a physiological stimuli and the other is pathological insult. The purpose of this study is to compare the connectivity of MSBs between AC model and TBI model in the cerebral motor cortex, based on the hypothesis that the connectivity of MSBs might be different according to the models. The motor cortex was dissected from perfused brain of each experimental animal, the samples were prepared for routine transmission electron microscopy. The 60~70 serial sections were mounted on the one-hole grid and MSB was analyzed. The 3-dimensional analysis revealed that 94% of MSBs found in AC model synapse two postsynaptic spines from same dendrite. But, 28% MSBs from TBI models synapse two postsynaptic spines from different dendrite. This imply that the MSBs observed in motor cortex of AC model and TBI model might have different circuits for the processing the information.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Recently, there has been continuous technological development in the semiconductor industry, and semiconductor manufacturing technologies are being advanced and highly integrated. For this reason, ceramic material having excellent heat resistance, wear resistance, and conductivity are used as components in semiconductor manufacturing. Among them, the probe card's space transformer is used as ceramic material to prevent electronic signal noise during the electrical die sorting of semiconductor function testing. However, implementing a bulk-type space transformer with a thickness of 5.6 mm or more is challenging, and thus it is produced in a structure with a stacked ceramic film. The stacked space transformer has low productivity because it is difficult to ensure hole clogging and a precise shape. In this research, an ultrasonic horn is designed to manufacture a bulk-type ceramic space transformer through ultrasonic drilling. Vibration characteristics were analyzed according to the ultrasonic horn, and the natural frequency was measured.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2008

피사계 심도란 카메라에서 초점이 맞은 지점을 전후로 초점이 맞은 것과 유사한 선명도를 가지는 영역을 말한다. 이 영역을 벗어난 물체들은 아웃 포커싱 되어 흐릿하게 보이게 된다. 렌더링 한 이미지에 피사계 심도 효과를 내게 되면 그렇지 않은 이미지에 비해 훨씬 사실적인 영상을 얻을 수 있다. 렌더링에서 피사계 심도 효과를 내기 위한 기존 연구는 크게 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 먼저 분산 광선 추적법은 한 픽셀에 대해 주어진 렌즈 영역을 샘플링 하는 방법이다. 이 방법은 샘플링 횟수가 많아질수록 노이즈가 없는 정회한 영상을 얻게 되지만 그러기 위해서는 시간이 매우 많이 걸린다. 반면 후처리 방법은 광선 추적법 등을 이용하여 얻은 핀홀 카메라 이미지와 깊이 정보를 이용하여 피사계 심도 효과를 내는 것인데 분산 광선 추적법 만큼 정확하지는 않지만 훨씬 빠른 속도로 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있어 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 후처리 방법은 핀홀 카메라에서 생성된 이미지만을 이용하므로 실제 렌즈에서 보이는 모든 정보를 알 수 없다는 한계가 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 두 가지 형태의 방법을 각각 발전시켜 후처리 기반 피사계 심도 계산의 정확도를 높이는 방법과 분산 광선 추적법의 계산 속도를 향상시키는 방법을 제시한다.