• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2022

This study aims to shed light on the cultural history of Hajodae(河趙臺) enjoyed by writers of the Joseon Dynasty by analyzing the origin and the contents of the landscape based on the literature materials of Hajodae in Yangyang(襄陽). The results of the study are as follows. First, Hajodae is a space that is said to have been visited by Ha Ryun(河崙) and Jo Jun(趙浚). However, since this story has not been confirmed in the literature, various opinions coexisted in history. Jo Wi-Han(趙緯韓) quoted the opinions of aged people who lived in Yangyang, saying that it could be Jo In-Byeok(趙仁壁), not Jo Jun(趙浚), and Jo Deok-Rin(趙德鄰) recorded it as "遐眺臺", which means "a stand for a distance view." There is a need to clearly present the origin of Hajodae by revealing the literary authority. Second, Hajodae was talked about as the best scenic site in Gwandong(關東) in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty. during the mid-Joseon Dynasty. The writers of the time mentioned Hajodae as one of the best scenic sites in Gwandong, which soon became a symbol of Yangyang. These records of Hajodae show a relatively decreasing trend entering the late Joseon Dynasty. It is believed to be the result of the slight degrading in the status of Hajodae as the Eight Views of Gwandong were established and Naksansa Temple(洛山寺) gained fame. Third, the writers of Joseon enjoyed the scenic sites through various landscapes of Hajodae. The open terrain on three sides allowed a sea view and provided an opportunity to develop a great spirit or to reflect on oneself. On the other hand, the strange rock formations and cliffs, which correspond to a close-up view, drew the attention of tourists, and the Rosa rugosa Thunb. blooming in the Hajodae area was enough to show a bizarre charm. This shows the various charms of Hajodae, suggesting that the management of such landscape is necessary. Fourth, a Chinese poem about Hajodae shows the spatial meaning of Hajodae. Looking into all sides of the Chinese poem about Hajodae, a case of unburdening one's mind on the landscape, and the aspect a person compared oneself to the natural landscape or projected one's consciousness onto it, and a case of recalling Ha Ryun and Jo Jun, illustrious retainers in the early Joseon Dynasty are confirmed. It can be seen that it results in the aspect of expressing one's impressions and looking back on history through the landscape.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.71-90
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• 2022

Objectives : This paper summarizes contents on fish in the Injeji and Jeoneo-Ji parts in the Imwon-Gyeongje-Ji and compares them with those in the Dong-uibogam from a Korean Medical perspective. Methods : Most of the knowledge of fish in the Imwon-Gyeongje-Ji is based on preceding material medica studies such as the Dongui-bogam in Joseon, the Bencao-gangmu in China, and the Hwahan Samjaedohoe in Japan. The influential relationships and the process of change among these knowledge information were examined within the context of each literature's development or through identifiable changes in knowledge on each particular kind of fish. Results & Conclusions : In the Imwon-Gyeongje-Ji, the consisting 16 parts are organically connected, sometimes functioning as cross-references. In particular, the medical contents on the efficacy of fish for treating disease is closely linked to contents on fish ecology and environment as written in the Jeoneo-Ji, which deals with the field of living things. On the more detailed knowledge on about 30 kinds of fish, one could grasp the formation process and changes of East Asian traditional knowledge on fishkind among historical study of influential Chinese texts, new stimulation and methodology through Japanese literature on natural history, and dynamic processes of inheriting and selectively accepting traditional knowledge of Joseon.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Objectives :The Shishimilu is a clinical treatise, published in 1687 by Qing period doctor, Chensiduo. The purpose of this study is to report the newly discovered Korean translation to the academic world and discuss its significance. Methods : The newly discovered Korean translated version was examined in detail focusing on bibliography and content items. In addition, the time of introduction of the Shishimilu to Joseon was studied philologically. Results : 1. The time of completion was during the period of the Korean Empire. 2. The original text was faithfully translated. 3. The book was rearranged from the original document to make it easier to apply in clinical practice. 4. Experiences of Joseon medicine were reflected, mainly prescriptions. 5. According to documentary evidence, the Shishimilu was first introduced to Korea only in the late 19th century, and was widely distributed during the Japanese colonial period. Conclusions : he Korean translated version of the Shishimilu was the earliest among known Korean translations of Chinese medical texts, and while faithfully translating the original text, the compilation was rearranged to make it easier to apply clinically. In addition, the experience of Joseon medicine was reflected mostly in prescriptions. It could be determined that if contents of the Shishimilu appear in Korean literature whose writing period is unknown, it can be historically verified to have been written after the late 19th century.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2010

Objectives : Chim-Gu-Kyung-Heom-Bang(CGKHB; 鍼灸經驗方) is the needle and moxa specialized document written by the doctor specialized in needle and moxa treatment of Joseon(朝鮮), Heo Im(1570-1647). The document was published in April 1644(22nd year of King Injo). CGKHB contains the needle and moxa treatment techniques accumulated by the Joseon Dynasty as well as the personal experience of Heo Im. The aim of this study is to restore the past treatment method as a method of Needle Insertion Method at CV12(NIM-CV12, needle to penetrate blood vessel technique) in CGKHB.. Methods : Through Dong-Yi-Bao-Gam(DYBG; 東醫寶鑑), the implication of Korean medicine study of the Jungwan(CV12) has been studied. Next is the contemplation of the NIM-CV12 of CGKHB with the Acupuncture Treatment Using Jungwan(中脘鍼法) of Park Tae-won and Acupuncture Treatment for Byeokjeok(癖積鍼法) of "Geup Yubang". Results and Conclusions : 1. CV12 is one of the acupuncture points representing stomach(脾胃), middle energizer(中焦), phlegm-fluid retention(痰飮) and greater yin(太陰). 2. NIM-CV12 of CGKHB is the technique to penetrate the needle into the CV12 strictly relying on tactile sense of a person who give the penetration. This CV12 administration was carried out at intervals of every 7 or 8 day. During the administration period, the patient was not allowed to intake excessive amount of food. 3. The Acupuncture Treatment Using Jungwan(中脘鍼法) of Park Tae-won and Acupuncture Treatment for Byeokjeok(癖積鍼法) of "GeupYubang", existed in the same era of the NIM-CV12 of CGKHB, have similar linkage to the NIM-CV12 of Heo Im.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

Bonchoyuham Nyoryeong(本草類函要領) shows how Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑) -Mirror of Eastern Medicine- is understood, digested into Korean medicine, and at the same time how it participated in the historical shaping of Korean medicine since the publishing in the early 17th century. The author, Hyeon Jae-deok, internalized the structure, content, and significance of Donguibogam and drew out a novel, concise, but comprehensive type of medical manual, while many other medical books since the 17century in Korea are estimated to have been an abridged edition of the Donguibogam. It may well be estimated as exemplar of the extent to which Donguibogam informed Korean medicine since the 17 century. The book shows as well how Bencao Gangmu(本草綱目) -Compendium of Materia Medica- and Donguibogam are merged and set a new medical stream in the 19th century Korea. Hyeon Jae-deok looked at the Bencao Gangmu from the lens of clinical treatment and prescription such that he focused on sections, elements, or parts of procedures, treatments, and prescriptions, not on the herbal taxonomic knowledge of the book. This perspective was embodied in Bonchoyuham(本草類函), which cited simple remedies, prescriptions, or treatments from Bencao Gangmu.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.237-266
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• 2009

In 1631 A.D. Jeong Duwon, an ambassador of the Joseon dynasty was sent to the Ming dynasty. There he met $Jo\tilde{a}o$ Rodrigues, a Jesuit missionary, in Dengzhou of Shandong peninsula. The missionary gave the ambassador a number of results of latest European innovations. A detailed description on this event was written in 'Jeong's official report regarding a message from an European country'(西洋國奇別狀啓), which is an important literature work to understand the event. Since the document was written in classical Chinese, we make a comprehensive translation to Korean with detailed notes. According to the report, the items that Rodrigues presented include four books written in Chinese that describe European discoveries about the world, a report on the tribute of new cannons manufactured by Portuguese in Macao, a telescope, a flintlock, a Foliot-type mechanical clock, a world atlas drawn by Matteo Ricci, an astronomical planisphere, and a sun-dial. We discuss the meaning of each item in the Korean history of science and technology. In particular, Jeong's introduction is an important event in the history of Korean astronomy, because the telescope he brought was the first one to be introduced in Korean history. Even though king Injo and his associates of the Joseon dynasty were well aware of the value as military armaments of new technologies such as telescopes, cannons, and flintlocks, they were not able to quickly adopt such technologies to defend against the military threat of Jurchen. We revisit the reason in view of the general history of science and technology of east-Asian countries in the 17th century.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2023

A literature study was conducted on the management of the pavilion of the royal tomb in the late Joseon Dynasty, focusing on "Gakneung Suri Deungnok(Records relating to the repair of royal tombs)". This study analyzed the royal tomb management system, organized the types of damage identified in the building, and examined how the damage status was recorded by type. In the above, the records related to the 1675~1713 repair of three JeongJaGak(Geonwonneung, Sungneung, and Mokneung), which are registered as state-designated cultural properties, are summarized in three aspects: management system, damage status, and expression words. The results of the study are as follows. First, the royal tomb pavilion was regularly inspected by Observator(觀察使) in spring and autumn, and Surunggwan(守陵官) every 5th, and Servant(守僕) regularly inspected every day and night, and also inspected and reported emergency cases of natural disasters or unexpected damage. Second, the damage status of each building was continuously observed and reported for the continuous maintenance of the buildings in the royal tomb. A total of 75 records of damage to the three royal tombs' pavilion were found to have been most frequently inspected, including 19 cases (25.3%), 14 cases (18.7%), 23 cases (30.7%) of the roof, and 19 cases (25.3%) of the roof. Third, the expression of the damage status is confirmed in various ways, such as separation, separation, burst, damage, excitation, moisture, leakage, and exfoliation. Among them, the main damage records were confirmed due to the separation of the base from the peeling, the furniture, cracks, leaks, leaks in the roof, and the collapse of the roof was able to check the damage records.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.395-405
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• 2015

Insamsokmieum (人蔘粟米飮), which is a kind of water gruels made with millet, ginseng, glutinous rice, and some minor ingredients, was frequently used as a medicinal food for the royal family, and it appeared first at the 10th year of King Sukjong's reign. We investigated Insamsokmieum through a literature review and the "SeungjeongwonIlgi(承政院日記)" of King Sukjong (肅宗) from his 1st year (1674) to 46th year (1720). We analyzed the nutritional value and efficacy of Insamsokmieum. In Oriental medicine, Insamsokmieum is prescribed mainly to treat symptoms such as nausea, languidness, and exhaustion in King Sukjong and Queen Inhyun (仁顯王后). In nutritional terms, Insamsokmieum has higher nutrition density than that of rice porridges (白粥) and has relatively high vitamin and mineral contents. Some nutrients such as leucine and glutamic acid, which are contained in the millet, are also known to help alleviate these symptoms. Whereas there have been studies on the efficacy and types of diet during the Joseon Dynasty, studies regarding nutrition characteristics are lacking. This study will demonstrate the superiority of dietary treatments of the Joseon Dynasty and their potential for application to modern nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.621-628
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• 2011

This study was aimed at research on Jeonyak (煎藥) appearing in the bibliography. It was during the Goryeo Dynasty that Jeonyak was first mentioned in literature. At this time, Jeonyak was served for consumption during Palgwanhoe. The ingredients and recipes of Jeonyak were listed for the first time in Suunjapbang, a book written by Kim Yu during the Joseon Dynasty. Since then, they have been found in various books and materials. During the Joseon Dynasty, Jeonyak was made in Neuiwon, a medical administrative organization in the palace, and administered as a seasonal food on Dongji Day in the winter. The king gave various to his guests or subjects as special gifts. As a result, Jeonyak became well known to many people and even to those in foreign countries. Jeonyak is a Korean traditional medicated diet food made from decocted beef-feet, bone stock, and other spices, including jujube paste, honey, ginger, pepper, clove, and cinnamon. Jeonyak has a long 800-year history, and its ingredients and recipes have changed only gradually. Milk was a major ingredient of Jeonyak during the Goryeo Dynasty, but glue and gelatin were added in the Joseon Dynasty. Since then, recipes have mainly used gelatin made from beef-feet, skin, beef-bone, and so on. In conclusion, Jeonyak has an 800-year history as a special medicated diet food (藥膳) served seasonally on Dongji Day in the winter.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.41-58
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• 2022

Objectives : In this paper, the outline and overall content of the Majinhwiseong, a specialized medical text on measles written by Lee Wonpung was introduced, along with its academic historical meaning. Methods : The entire Majinhwiseong was analyzed according to content and form. In terms of form, organization, construction, cited literature, etc., were studied, while in terms of content, diagnosis of disease pattern and treatment formulas were studied. Later, based on cited medical texts and the author's social position, the academic historical meaning of this book was discussed. Results : Through the Majinhwiseong, Lee Wonpung strengthened the credibility of the text by not only providing medical knowledge on measles but listing their sources and comparing and analyzing related contents. In the diagnosis part, Lee focused on the changes in symptom, shape, color, and pulse of measles, discussing in detail its differential diagnostic methods. In the treatment part, while listing numerous formulas suggested by Ming (明) masters, Lee did not leave out treatment experiences of Joseon physicians. Meanwhile, the Majinhwiseong is indicative of measles medicine in 18th century Joseon having been progressed in the private sector rather than the official, and how the results of private sector medicine were being absorbed into the official realm through the Uiyakdongcham (議藥同參) system. Conclusions : The Majinhwiseong is a practical treatment manual written by clinician Lee Wonpung to deal measles which was widely spread at the time. The author organized existing medical knowledge on measles for clinicians while reflecting outcomes and medical situation of Joseon physicians in this book. Based on these findings, we could verify that medicine in 18th century Joseon had been progressing actively around the private medical sector.