• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.981-985
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• 1996

To study the effect of toluene administration on the liver damage, rats were previously fed a low (casein 7%, LP) or standard(casein 20%, SP) protein diet and for four days toluene(50% in olive oil) was given at 0.2ml/100g body weight/day to the male rats, and then the degree of liver damage in toluenetreated animals fed LP were compared with those fed SP. The increasing rate of liver weight/body weight and the serum levels of xanthine oxidase to the control group were higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP. The decreasing rate of protein contents in cytosol, mitochondria and glycogen, glutathione contents of liver to the control group were higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP. In histopathological findings, the swelling of hepatic cell around the central vein was demonstrated in all the two groups toluene-treated rats. But the degree of swelling severity in hepatocytes was somewhat higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP. Therefore it is assumed that the degree of liver damage severity in toluenetreated animals was higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 1996

This study was performed to determine the subacute toxicities of SKI306X, an antiinflammatory herbal extract, in rats. SKI306X was administered orally to rats once a day for 4 weeks at doses of 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 g/kg/ day. Each group consisted of 20 male and 20 female rats, including 5 male and 5 female rats per group for an interim study at the end of 2-week administration and for a 2-week recovery study, respectively. Throughout the study, all rats survived and no adverse clinical signs were observed. Although male rats treated with high dose (3.0 g/kg/day) of SKI306X showed slight loss of body weight (approximately 5%) in comparison with control animals during the administration period, their body weight loss was normally restored during the recovery period. No significant change was found in all hematological parameters of SKI306X-treated groups except for the decreased number of red blood cells in all female groups at the interim study. Statistically significant changes were observed in several blood enzyme levels of SKI306X-treated groups; however, most of these significant changes were within normal range and statistically significant values did not show dose-related responses. In SKI306X-treated groups, the absolute and relative weights of liver, heart, and stomach were statistically different from those of control group, but these differences disappeared at the end of recovery period and also drug-related gross and histopathological findings in these organs were not found. No other drug-related gross and histopathological findings were observed. It is concluded from the results of this study that non-toxic dose of SKI306X was estimated to be between 0.3 and 1.0 g/kg/day and the maximum tolerated dose of SKI306X was assumed to be higher than 3.0 g/kg/day.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.83-99
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• 2011

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Socheongryong-tang (SCRT) on elastase-induced lung injury. Materials and Methods: The extract of SCRT was treated to A549 cells and elastase-induced COPD mice model. Then, various parameters such as cell-based cytoprotective activity and histopathological findings were analyzed. Results: SCRT showed a protective effect on elastase-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells. This effect was correlated with analysis for caspase 3 levels, collagen and elastin contents, and gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in A549 cells. SCRT treatment also revealed the protective effect on elastase-induced COPD mice model. This effect was evidenced via histopathological findings including immunofluoresence stains against elastin, collagen, and caspase 3, and protein level of Cdc2, cyclin B1, and phospho-Erk1/2 in lung tissue. Conclusion: These data suggest that SCRT has pharmaceutical properties on COPD. This study provides scientific evidence for the efficacy of SCRT for clinical application to patients with COPD.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2001

We investigated the toxic effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) In Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to develop and validate an enhanced Protocol for Test Guideline 407 as OECD Project. Twenty male and female SD rats,7 weeks old, were treated with PTU in corn oil at levels of 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks orally. Clinical observation, body weight changes, food uptake, water consumption, urinalysis, estrus cycle and sperm analysis, serum chemist교, autopsy findings and histopathological findings were evaluated in this study. No clinical signs and mortality were observed in the study. The body weights and food uptakes in the group treated with 10 mg/kg/day were reduced from 3 weeks after the initiation of the treatment. The levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4, 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyrosine) were also significantly decreased in the group treated with 10 mg/kg/day. Also, the relative and absolute organ weights of thymuses were decreased. Thyroid glands of rats in the group treated with PTU 10 mg/kg/day were bigger than those of rats in the control group. In the histopathological examination, diffuse hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid follicular cells were observed in all treatment groups, leading to the reduction of lumen size and papillary enfolding of lining epithelium. The degree of lesion was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggested that PTU would cause toxicity in thyroid gland and decrease the levels of T3 and T4 in SD rats. However there were no effects on the other organ including testis and uterus especially in spermatogenesis and estrus cycle. On the basis of the results, enhanced protocol for Test Guideline (TG) 407 may be sensitive and reliable to detect endocrine-active substances like PTU.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.193-196
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• 2017

A 14-year-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair cat was referred for gastrointestinal (GI) signs, including nausea, regurgitation, anorexia, and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed thickening of the wall of the gastric and proximal duodenum, moderately enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, and coarse echotexture of the splenic parenchyma. The results of the feline leukemia virus test were positive. Based on gastrointestinal endoscopic characteristics and histopathological examinations, low-grade alimentary lymphoma was identified in multiple regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone and chlorambucil chemotherapy, and the clinical signs resolved gradually. During serial follow-up, ultrasonographic findings demonstrated decreases in the duodenal wall thickness and size of the abdominal lymph nodes over a period of 550 days. Survival time was 886 days with prednisolone and chlorambucil chemotherapy. This report describes clinical features, imaging findings, endoscopic characteristics, histopathological features, and long-term management with chlorambucil chemotherapy in a case of feline low-grade alimentary lymphoma.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2004

This study was experiment on the safety of rat(Sprague-Dawley) exposed to natural herb oil(BM-solution). BM-solution was administered by inhalation to rats with the dose level of low(30 mg/8 min), middle(30 mg/4 min) and high(50 mg/4 min) in an airtight room for 4 weeks, respectively. Each groups, consisting of 5 rats, was examined for body weight changes, hematological analysis, serum biochemical analysis, organ weight, and histopathological findings, respectively. There were, dose-dependently, no changes of body weight and organ weights, no hematological anomalousness, and no other serum biochemical abnormality from the experiments. In addition, BM-solution was shown to have no specific toxicity by gross and histopathological findings. Therefore, it was concluded that BM-solution had no side effects on rats for 4 weeks.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.189-192
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• 2013

An 8-year-old, neutered female Korean short hair cat was referred with severe vomiting and anorexia. Abdominal mass effect was seen in the cranial abdomen on radiographs, and a mass with a heterogeneous echogenic pattern was observed medial to the right kidney on ultrasonography. On computed tomography, a large mass with soft tissue attenuation and a contrast-enhanced capsule was seen. In histopathological findings, the acinar structures were lined with irregular cuboidal cells that have pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei. Based on these diagnostic imaging and histopathological findings, the mass was diagnosed as pancreatic exocrine adenocarcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the modified live vaccines against canine Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) in puppies by nasal administration. A total of 24 puppies were classified as 3 groups consisting of 8, and each one was divided into two subgroups; vaccinated (n=4) and unvaccinated (n=4). Group I, group II and group III were challenged with Bb, CPIV, and Bb+CPIV, respectively. In group I vaccinated puppies (n=4) were experimentally challenged with Bb 2 weeks after vaccination and unvaccinated puppies (n=4) were experimentally challenged with Bb alone. The same methods of the above were applied for group II and group III. We carried out several studies including serum tests, isolation, and histopathological examination. The vaccinated puppies showed higher antibody titers than unvaccinated puppies and the titer sustained during the experimental period. In the isolation test, recovery period was shorter in the vaccinated subgroup than in the other. In clinical signs, the unvaccinated puppies showed the typical signs of tracheobronchitis (coughing, nasal and occular discharge), but another subgroup showed delayed incidence and mild clinical signs. The typical gross lesions and histopathological findings were observed in the unvaccinated puppies. In immunohistochemical findings, the vaccinated puppies showed little intensive in reaction for CPIV antigen than the other. It could be concluded that intranasal vaccination of modified live Bb and CPIV vaccine to puppies is effective to prevent canine infectious tracheobronchitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.286-289
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• 2016

Two dogs (Case 1: Poodle, 4 years old, spayed female; Case 2: Bulldog, 3 years old, intact female) were referred to us for treatment of vomiting; Case 1 had a history of acute vomiting that started 1 day prior to presentation, and Case 2 had a history of chronic vomiting that started 2 years prior to presentation. The vomiting did not respond to medication in the local animal hospital. Results from abdominal ultrasound examinations showed that case 1 had gastric wall thickening, and case 2 had no remarkable findings. For both cases, we performed gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations, and several biopsy samples were obtained from different gastric areas. On the basis of the results of histopathological examinations, both dogs were diagnosed with atrophic gastritis concurrent with a Helicobacter infection. Clinical signs improved after antibiotic therapy. This case report describes the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings of atrophic gastritis concurrent with a Helicobacter infection.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.22.1-22.12
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• 2023

Background: Citric acid (CA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) have been used to disinfect animals to protect them against avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease. Objectives: We performed a good laboratory practice (GLP)-compliant animal toxicity study to assess the acute toxic effects of CA and NaOCl aerosol exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Groups of five rats per sex were exposed for 4 h to four concentrations of the two chemicals, i.e., 0.00, 0.22, 0.67, and 2.00 mg/L, using a nose-only exposure. After a single exposure to the chemicals, clinical signs, body weight, and mortality was observed during the observation period. On day 15, an autopsy, and then gross findings, and histopathological analysis were performed. Results: After exposure to CA and NaOCl, body weight loss was observed but recovered. Two males died in the CA 2.00 mg/L group and, two males and one female died in the 2.00 mg/L NaOCl group. In the gross findings and histopathological analysis, discoloration of the lungs was observed in the CA exposed group and inflammatory lesions with discoloration of the lungs were observed in the NaOCl exposed group. These results suggest that the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of CA is 1.73390 mg/L for males and > 1.70 mg/L for females. For NaOCl, the LC50 was 2.22222 mg/L for males and 2.39456 mg/L for females. Conclusions: The Globally Harmonized System is category 4 for both CA and NaOCl. In this study, the LC50 results were obtained through a GLP-based acute inhalation toxicity assessment. These results provide useful data to reset safety standards for CA and NaOCl use.