• 한국패류학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

본 연구는 지중해담치, Mytilus galloprovincialis의 체내 중금속 농도, 이성생식세포 발현과 소화선의 조직학적 지표 변화를 이용하여 이들의 안정성을 알아보고자 하였다. 시료는 2010년 5월 한국 남해안의 가막만 2곳에서 채집하였다. 금속이온의 체내 축적 농도는 분석된 10가지 금속 이온 가운데 Al이 가장 높았으며, 두번째로 Zn이 높았다. 그리고 Co가 가장 낮은 농도로 나타났다. 이성생식세포 발현율은 26.4%로 나타났으며, 수컷에서 더 높았다. 이성생식세포 발현 형태는 네 가지 형태가 관찰되었다. 조직학적 지표는 소화선의 조직학적 변화, 호염기성세포와 지방갈색소의 분포비율을 이용하였다. 소화선에서는 소화선세관 상피층의 파괴가 가장 높은 비율로 나타났다. 호염기성세포의 분포 비율은 6.1%로 나타났고, 지방 갈색소 분포 비율은 1.5%였다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2017

Background: Because of the relatively similar size of organs to human and the physiological and structural similarities, the use of porcine as xenograft donors is progressing very actively. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of porcine ear cartilage and evaluated its suitability as graft material in reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. Methods: The auricular cartilage was harvested from two pigs, and subjected to histological examination by immunohistochemical staining. To determine the collagen content, samples were treated with collagenase and weight changes were measured. After sterilization by irradiation, the samples were grafted into rats and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson Trichrome to observe inflammation and xenograft rejection. Results: In IHC staining, extracellular matrices were mainly stained with type II collagen (20.69%), keratin sulfate (10.20%), chondroitin sulfate (2.62%), and hyaluronic acid (0.84%). After collagenase treatment, the weight decreased by 68.3%, indicating that about 70% of the porcine ear cartilage was composed of collagen. Upon xenograft of the sterilized cartilages in rats, inflammatory cells were observed for up to 2 months. However, they gradually decreased, and inflammation and reject-response were rarely observed at 5 months. Conclusion: The porcine ear cartilage was covered with perichondrium and cellular constituents were found to be composed of chondrocytes and chondroblasts. In addition, the extracellular matrices were mainly composed of collagen. Upon xenograft of irradiated cartilage into rats, there was no specific inflammatory reaction around the transplanted cartilage. These findings suggest that porcine ear cartilage could be a useful alternative implant material for human cosmetic surgery.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2005

Background & Objective: Articular cartilage is a potential target for drugs designed to inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to stop or slow the destruction of the proteoglycan and collagen in the cartilage extracellular matrix. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Aralia cordata Thunb. in inhibiting the release of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), the degradation of collagen, and MMP activity in rabbit articular cartilage explants. Methods : The cartilage-protective effects of Aralia cordata Thunb. were evaluated by using glycosaminoglycan degradation assay, collagen degradation assay, colorimetric analysis of MMP activity, measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity and histological analysis in rabbit cartilage explants culture. Results : Interleukin-la (IL-1a) rapidly induced GAG, but collagen was much less readily released from cartilage explants. Aralia cordata Thunb. significantly inhibited GAG and collagen release in a concentration-dependent manner. Aralia cordata Thunb. dose-dependently inhibited MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression and activities from IL-1a-treated cartilage explants cultures when tested at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 mg/ml. Aralia cordata Thunb. had no harmful effect on chondrocytes viability or cartilage morphology in cartilage explants. Histological analysis indicated that Aralia cordata Thunb. reduced the degradation of the cartilage matrix compared with that of IL -1a-treated cartilage explants.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2009

자원조성을 위한 방류용 메기 종묘를 생산하는 과정에서 출현한 전신성백색증 메기와 정상 메기의 눈, 부속지(수염, 등지느러미), 피부(등, 배, 체측)에 대한 조직학적 연구를 실시하였다. 외부형태적 차이는 발견되지 않았으나 체색에 있어서 정상 메기가 전체적으로 검은색을 띤 반면, 백색증 메기는 흰색 바탕에 노란색이 부분적으로 섞여 있었으며 눈은 붉은 색, 수염은 흰색을 보였다. 조사한 각 피부조직의 일반적인 형태는 정상 메기와 백색증 메기 간에 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 그러나 멜라닌 색소의 분포에 있어서 정상 메기의 경우, 망막의 색소상피층과 피부의 기저층에 길게 이어져 있던 색소세포층이 백색증 개체에서는 전혀 발견되지 않아 본 연구에서 확인된 백색증 메기는 $i^1/i^1$ 유형의 전신성백색증에 해당되었다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.154-158
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• 2000

This is a case report of a 5-month-old male who was brought in to hospital for evaluation of jaundice from birth. The baby had a history of ileal atresia operated 2 days after birth. At the age of one month, Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed at other hospital and reported to show good hepatic uptake of the tracer but no uptake in the biliary tree, gall bladder, or intestine for 24 hours post injection. He was judged to have biliary atresia. However, subsequent exploratory laparotomy revealed that the hepatobiliary tree appeared intact and that there was a gall bladder. Additionally, the patient had central aorto-pulmonary shunt for the right ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis of a peripheral type at the age of 4 months. The second hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed on admission at the age of 5 months, showing a gall bladder but no intestinal uptake up to 24 hours. Retrospectively, the histological specimen of the liver obtained at the exploratory laparotomy was re-evaluated, and by the histological findings coupled with clinical data, arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille's syndrome) was diagnosed. In this report, we emphasize the diagnostic limitation of hepatobiliary scintigraphy and the importance of overall clinical and histologic evaluation in a case of Alagille's syndrome.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.114-118
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of implanted chitosan applied to surgically created wound in pigs. Six healthy $2{\sim}3$ months old Landrace and Yorkshire mixed breeds of both genders were used. A 2 cm straight skin incision was made and undermined skin ($2{\times}2cm$) over on the each pig's both sides of dorsal midline at 0, 7. 14 and 18 days. One wound (left side) was implanted 0.4 mg of cotton type chitosan and other wound was treated saline (3 ml). Each wound was closed with two interrupted suture of 2-0 sutures. The wounds created at 18, 14.7 and 0 days were named post-wounding day (PWD) 3, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. At 21 days after initial wounding, each wound was taken for histological observations. Reepithelialization tended to be greater in the chitosan group than in the control group at PWD 3 and 14. Granulation tissue formation did not show especial differences in two groups. Number of inflammatory cells was lesser statistically in level in the chitosan group than those in the control group at 21 days after wounding (p<0.05). Fibroblasts and neovasculature tended to be greater in the chitosan group than in the control group at PWD 3 and 7, and tended to be lesser in the chitosan group than in the control group at PWD 14 and 21. Collagen and fibrin were observed to be evenly distributed around the wound in the chitosan group. But collagen and fibrin were observed to be converged along the wound in the control group.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2021

Purpose: Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disease with extra-intestinal manifestations, including neurological disorders. There are few reports to assess various factors in increasing the chances of developing neurological disorders in CD, so we designed this study. Methods: All patients with CD at any age who had been referred to the Celiac Clinic were evaluated for neurological problems. CD was defined as IgA anti-transglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTG) of 18 IU/mL or higher in serology and Marsh type I or more severe in histopathological evaluation. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of various independent variables on the neurological manifestations. Results: A total of 540 patients enrolled in this study. A 360 (66.7%) of patients were children. A 64.8% and 35.2% were female and male, respectively. Overall, 34.1% of patients had neurological manifestation, including headache, neuropathy, epilepsy, and ataxia. The odds of developing neurological manifestations in children were significantly lower than in adults (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.96; p=0.03) and in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms significantly higher than in the group without GI manifestations (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.18-2.63; p=0.005). Other variables, including Marsh classification (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.18-1.11; p=0.08) and anti-tTG levels (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.999-1.001; p=0.59) did not significantly increase the chances of developing neurological disorders. Conclusion: Our study showed that increasing age and the presence of GI symptoms, but not serological and histological findings, could increase the chances of developing neurological diseases in CD patients.

• 생체재료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2018

Background: The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regulated by many factors, including oxygen tensions, growth factors, and cytokines. Evidences have suggested that low oxygen tension seems to be an important regulatory factor in the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in various MSCs. Recent studies report that synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SDSCs) are a potential source of stem cells for the repair of articular cartilage defects. But, the effect of low oxygen tension on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in SDSCs has not characterized. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on proliferation and chondrogenesis in SDSCs. Method: SDSCs were isolated from patients with osteoarthritis at total knee replacement. To determine the effect of oxygen tension on proliferation and colony-forming characteristics of SDSCs, A colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and cell counting-based proliferation assay were performed under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (5% oxygen). For in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, SDSCs were concentrated to form pellets and subjected to conditions appropriate for chondrogenic differentiation under normoxia and hypoxia, followed by the analysis for the expression of genes and proteins of chondrogenesis. qRT-PCR, histological assay, and glycosoaminoglycan assays were determined to assess chondrogenesis. Results: Low oxygen condition significantly increased proliferation and colony-forming characteristics of SDSCs compared to that of SDSCs under normoxic culture. Similar pellet size and weight were found for chondrogensis period under hypoxia and normoxia condition. The mRNA expression of types II collagen, aggrecan, and the transcription factor SOX9 was increased under hypoxia condition. Histological sections stained with Safranin-O demonstrated that hypoxic conditions had increased proteoglycan synthesis. Immunohistochemistry for types II collagen demonstrated that hypoxic culture of SDSCs increased type II collagen expression. In addition, GAG deposition was significantly higher in hypoxia compared with normoxia at 21 days of differentiation. Conclusion: These findings show that hypoxia condition has an important role in regulating the synthesis ECM matrix by SDSCs as they undergo chondrogenesis. This has important implications for cartilage tissue engineering applications of SDSCs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.32-47
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) characterized by an enlarged prostate gland is common in elderly men. Corni Fructus (CF) and Schisandrae Fructus (SF) are known to have various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory efficacy of CF, SF, and their mixture (MIX) on the development of BPH using an in vivo model of testosterone-induced BPH. MATERIALS/METHODS: Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups. To induce BPH, testosterone propionate (TP) was injected to rats except for those in the control group. Finasteride, saw palmetto (SP), CF, SF, and MIX were orally administered along with TP injection. At the end of treatment, histological changes in the prostate and the level of various biomarkers related to BPH were evaluated. RESULTS: Our results showed that BPH induced by TP led to prostate weight and histological changes. Treatment with MIX effectively improved TP-induced BPH by reducing prostate index, lumen area, epithelial thickness, and expression of BPH biomarkers such as 5α-reductase type 2, prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared to treatment with CF or SF alone. Moreover, MIX further reduced levels of elevated serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and prostate-specific antigen in BPH compared to the SP, a positive control. BPH was also improved more by MIX than by CF or SF alone. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, MIX is a potential natural therapeutic candidate for BPH by regulating 5α-reductase and AR signaling pathway.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.220-228
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• 2024

Background: Panax ginseng, one of the valuable perennial medicinal plants, stores numerous pharmacological substrates in its storage roots. Given its perennial growth habit, organ regeneration occurs each year, and cambium stem cell activity is necessary for secondary growth and storage root formation. Cytokinin (CK) is a phytohormone involved in the maintenance of meristematic cells for the development of storage organs; however, its physiological role in storage-root secondary growth remains unknown. Methods: Exogenous CK was repeatedly applied to P. ginseng, and morphological and histological changes were observed. RNA-seq analysis was used to elucidate the transcriptional network of CK that regulates P. ginseng growth and development. The HISTIDINE KINASE 3 (PgHK3) and RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (PgRR2) genes were cloned in P. ginseng and functionally analyzed in Arabidopsis as a two-component system involved in CK signaling. Results: Phenotypic and histological analyses showed that CK increased cambium activity and dormant axillary bud formation in P. ginseng, thus promoting storage-root secondary growth and bud formation. The evolutionarily conserved two-component signaling pathways in P. ginseng were sufficient to restore CK signaling in the Arabidopsis ahk2/3 double mutant and rescue its growth defects. Finally, RNA-seq analysis of CK-treated P. ginseng roots revealed that plant-type cell wall biogenesis-related genes are tightly connected with mitotic cell division, cytokinesis, and auxin signaling to regulate CK-mediated P. ginseng development. Conclusion: Overall, we identified the CK signaling-related two-component systems and their physiological role in P. ginseng. This scientific information has the potential to significantly improve the field-cultivation and biotechnology-based breeding of ginseng.