• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2008

Objectives: Galgeunhaegitang-gamibang(GH) and Samhwangseze-gamibang(SG) has been known that they are helpful for treatment of atopic dermititis clinically, but there is no report about the effect of GH and SG. So, author aimed to investigate the effects of GH and SG on atopic dermititis of NC/Nga mice. Methods : NC/Nga mice were divide into three group : normal, control, and experimental group. Atopic dermatitis was induced in the control and experimental group by spreading DNCB. Then GH was orally administered three times in a week for 8 weeks to the experimental group and SG was spreaded two times in a day for 8 weeks to the experimental group, while the control group was given normal saline. We observed changes of clinical skin severity score, serum IgE, IL-4, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgGl, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and so on. We used one-way ANOVA test statistically(p<0.01). Results : Clinical skin severities of experiment group in 13 and 16weeks were significantly decreased by 48% and 55% compared to the control group. Serum IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgGl levels of experimental group were singnificantly decreased compared to the control group. Serum $IFN-{\gamma}$ level of the experimental group was significantly increased against control group. mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and CCR3 in the skin tissues of experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. In contrary, $IFN-{\gamma}$y mRNA expression level were increased compared to the control group. Histological observation of the ear and skin tissues showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermis and dermis of experimental group were highly deminished compared to the control group. Judging from that $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 expression of gene, the effects of inflammatory cytokine revelation were significantly decreased compared to the control group. In the model inducing COX-2 activity in RAW 264.7 cell, COX-2 activity was significantly inhibited depending on the density of GH compared to the control serum. According to cell multiplication, examination of cell toxicity showed that GH is safe at the density of 10, 50, 100mg/l and even 1000mg/l. Conclusion : Accordin to the above results, it is considered that GH and SG is effective treatment for the atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.111-133
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• 1999

These studies were carried out to investigate the effect of Herbal-acupuncture with Inzinsammultang extract on the recovery from liver injury of rats. The liver injury of rats induced with 0.3ml/ea carbon tetrachloride. The Herbal-acupunture with Inzinsam multang extract solution inserted into corresponding focus of Kansu(BL18) in rats. In this study, SD-Rats(Sprague-Dawley) were divided into 4 groups ; Normal group (None treated group), Control-group(The group not treated after $CCI_4$-intoxication), Treated group; Example I-group(Saline-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication) and Example II-group(Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication). Through histological observation, Example II-group sho-ws that liver injury is weaker than Control group.(p<0.05) Biochemical assays for each serum enzyme activities of AST, ALT and LDH, levels of albumin, ${\gamma}$-GT, TG, total cholesterol were performed. The results were summarized as follows 1. AST(Aspartate aminotransferase) activity in serum significantly decreased in the Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication. Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication showed significantly higher AST activities, compared with the Saline-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication.(p<0.05) 2. ALT(Alanine aminotransferase) activity in serum significantly decreased in the Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication. The Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication showed significantly higher AST activities, compared with the Saline-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication(p<0.05) 3. Level of Albumin in serum significantly increased in the Inzinsarnmultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication. 4. LDH(Lactate dehydrogenase) activities in serum significantly decreased in the Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication.(p<0.05) 5. ${\gamma}$-GT(Glutamyl transferase) in serum significantly decreased in the Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication(p<0.05) 6. As for the TG(Triglyceride) levels in serum, Inzinsammultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication is no significant differences compared with the Saline-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication.(p<0.05) 7. Total cholesterol in serum significantly increased in the Inzinsarnmultang-injected groups after $CCl_4$-intoxication.(p<0.05) Those results indicate that the Inzinsammultang Herbal-acupuncture have significant effects on the liver injury induced by $CCl_4$. So it is expected that the Inzinsammultang Herbal-acupuncture can be used to cure inflammations and recover the functions of damaged liver cells.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.245-255
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• 2002

In order to obtain the basic information for seedling production of venus clam, Protothaca jedoensis, the annual reproductive cycle was investigated mainly by histological observation from September 1998 to August 1999. P. jedoensis was dioecious. The gonads are located between the digestive diverticula and muscle tissue of the foot. The ovary was composed of a number of ovarian sacs, and the testis was composed of several testicular tubules. The condition index was reached its maximum (20.0) in February, and then decreased to 11.5 in June. In August, the value was the lowest (9.0) and then increased slowly. Minimum size for the sexual maturation of individuals were 38.4 mm in shell length. One the other hand, the size of mature oocytes was ranged to $50-60\mu{m}$ in diameter and testis-ova was observed in testis of the mature stage. The reproductive cycle of P. jedoensis could be classified into five successive stages: early active (December to February), late active (January to April), ripe (March to July), partially spawned (June to August) and spent/inactive (July to January) stages.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

The edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi is a commercially important fisheries resource in Korea. However, for the last several years, outbreaks of mass mortalities of the species have been occurring along the south and east coasts of Korea, where most ascidians are produced. Although it is known that tunic-softness syndrome is associated with these mortality events, the agent causing the syndrome has not yet been confirmed. To determine the agent causing tunic-softness syndrome, healthy and diseased ascidians were collected in March 2011 from Tongyeong, on the south coast of Korea, and were used for biological and pathological investigations. The results showed that diseased ascidians exhibited remarkably reduced body fluid, fatness index, and tunic index compared with healthy specimens. Interestingly, bi-flagellated protozoans were observed specifically in the tissue imprints and tunic cultures of diseased ascidians at an occurrence rate of 97.5%. Histological observation showed that the thickness of the tunics of diseased ascidians was reduced by half, and irregular structure and breakdown of the tunic fiber bundles were observed. In particular, flagellate-like cells were observed in the diseased ascidians. Our study clearly shows that bi-flagellated protists are present only in the softened ascidians, suggesting that the flagellates are partly or entirely associated with soft-tunic syndrome. Accordingly, further investigations to verify the effects of the flagellates found in the present study on soft-tunic syndrome should be conducted.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.379-384
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• 1998

Endocrine disruptor is an exogenous substance that changes endocrine function and causes adverse effects at the level of the organism, its progeny, and/or (sub)populations of the organisms. Purported adverse effects are cancers, declines in reproductive health, developmental learning disabilities in humans, and declining populations, altered morphology, physiology or behavior in wildlife. In these days, expert groups on chemicals in IPCS, IFCS and OECD are intensively discussing the identification of endocrine disruptors and the proper management of those chemicals. In this study, we screened the endocrine disrupting effects of lead using fertilized eggs of Oryzias latipes. In brief, the eggs were exposed to lead with different concentrations at Ringer's solution, and the mortality, the incidence of deformation, the body movement and the hatching success were determined after incubation. The histological analysis of normal and deformed larvae was also carried out. Compared to control, the mortality and the heart rate of eggs and/or larvae increased, but the hatching success and the tail movement decreased. The morphological observation showed the asymmetrical deformation of larvae and the distortion of spinal cord. The absorption of the liquid in yolk sac was hindered. The adverse effects of lead in the ontogeny of fertilized eggs of Oryzias latipes seemed to be stronger in pH5.6 than in pH7.5 solution. In summary, lead showed adverse effects on the ontogeny of fish fertilized eggs plays critical role in regulating biological systems and controlling developmental processes as an endocrine disruptor.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.291-298
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• 1995

This study describes plant regeneration from leaf explant of Bupleurum falcatum through somatic embryogenesis, and the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on somatic embryo abnormalities. The relationship between the cotyledon number of somatic embryo and its germinability is also described. Embryogenic calli were selected from calli formed on explants cultured on MS solid basal medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D. Cotyledonary abnormalities were observed in somatic embryos which were developed from calli cultured on MS medium with 1 mg/L 2,4-D for 6-week and then subcultured on 2,4-D free MS medium for 3 weeks. The frequency of abnormalities was as follows: 7% of somatic embryos had one cotyledon, 65% of them had two cotyledons, 25% three cotyledons, 5% four cotyledons, 2% five cotyledons, and 3% trumpet-like cotyledons. The two cotyledon somatic embryos were germinated at a frequency of 80%. However the germination frequency of one cotyledon embryo and multicotyledonary embryo was lower than that of the two cotyledon somatic embryo. All of trumper-like somatic embryos did not germinate. Histological observations of multicotyledon embryo showed circular procambium in the root but pocambial strands in the cotyledonary node or upper hypocotyl. The number of the strands was equal to the cotyledon number.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.317-322
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• 2017

High-tech medical equipment has increased the utilization of radiation in the medical field. As a result, research on radiation protection using natural materials has become an important social issue. Selenium is a natural substance that is highly expressed in prostate known that an essential role in prostate cells. Selenium was orally administered to Rat and irradiated with 10 Gy of radiation. Then, the prostate tissue w as used as a target organ for 1 day, 7 days and 21 days to investigate the radiation protection effect of selenium through changes of blood components, Superoxide Dismutase and histological changes. As a result, there was a significant protective effect of hematopoietic immune system(hemoglobin concentration, neutrophil, platelet) in the group irradiated with selenium(p<0.05). the observation of tissue changes selenium is an effective component to increase Superoxide Dismutase activity, and it was confirmed that it has an effect of inhibiting the expression of hypertrophy of prostate by irradiation. Therefore, it is considered that selenium can be utilized as a radioprotective agent by inducing prevention of prostate-related diseases.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was undertaken to compare the effect of Foeniculi Fructus and Lonicerae Flos extract on the cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Methods : Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein. Foeniculi Fructus extract (FE; 300 mg/kg) and Lonicerae Flos extract (LE; 300 mg/kg) were injected 2hr before induction of acute pancreatitis. Rats were sacrificed 6hr after first injection of cerulein. The severity of pancreatitis was assessed by measuring pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, neutrophil, lymphocyte, serum amylase activity, platelet activating factor (PAF) activity, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) activity, interleukin 6 (IL-6) activity and by histological assessments of inflammatory cell infiltration. Results : 1. The pancreatic weight/body weight ratios of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased significantly. 2. The neutrophil content ratio of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased. 3. The lymphocyte content ratio of FE and LE group compared with the control group were increased significantly. 4. The activities of serum amylase of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased significantly. 5. The activities of serum PAF of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased significantly. 6. The activities of TNF-${\alpha}$ of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased significantly. 7. The activities of IL-6 of FE and LE group compared with the control group were decreased significantly. 8. The pancreas injected with FE and LE showed reduction of swelling of acinar cells, inflammation and vacuolization than the control group on light microscopic observation. Conclusions : These results suggest that Foeniculi Fructus and Lonicerae Flos extract have an effect to suppress inflammation on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. But there are no significant differences between Foeniculi Fructus extract and Lonicerae Flos extract.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.526-535
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• 2001

The gametogenesis, reproductive cycle, frequency distribution of egg diameter and fecundity of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus were investigated by histological observation. The samples were collected at Goheung, Jeonam from December 1996 to November 1997. Gonadosomatic index (CSI) was appeared less than 1.0 in female and male from December to July and began to increase from August and reached the maximum values of female 7.50 and male 2.98 in October. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was appeared annual maximum value of female 1.97 and male 1.64 in March and then decreased from April. The annual reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into four successive stages: growing stage (July to August), maturation stage (September to October), ripe and spawning stage (October to November) and degeneration and resting stage (November to July). According to the frequency distribution of egg diameter, the development mode of egg was not seperated, formed one mode for the maturation and spawning season, The individual absolute fecundity ranges from $1,726,242\~17,822,576$ eggs, and individual relative fecundity ranges from $29,458\~214,730$ eggs in total length (cm) and $938\~3,363$ eggs in body weight (g). Female and male of L. maculatus were matured when total length were over 50.1 and 45.1 cm, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.455-465
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• 2010

Purpose : This study is intended to examine the motor skill learning on balance and coordination in the cerebellar injured rats by 3AP. Methods : This study selected 60 Sprague-Dawley rats of 8 weeks. Experiment groups were divided into four groups and assigned 15 rats to each group. Group I was a normal control group(induced by saline); Group II was a experimental control group(cerebellar injured by 3AP); Group III was a group of motor skill learning after cerebellar injured by 3AP; Group IV was a group of treadmill exercise after cerebellar injured by 3AP. In each group, motor performance test, histologic observations, synaptophysin expression and electron microscopy observation were analyzed. Results : In motor performance test, the outcome of group II was significantly lower than the group III, IV(especially group III)(p<.001). In histological finding, the experimental groups were destroy of dendrities and nucleus of cerebellar neurons. Group III, IV were decreased in degeneration of cerebellar neurons(especially group III). In immunohistochemistric response of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex, experimental groups were decreased than group I. Group III's expression of synaptophysin was more increased than group II, IV. In electron microscopy finding, the experimental groups were degenerated of Purkinje cell. Conclusion : These result suggest that improved motor performance by motor skill learning after harmaline induced is associated with dynamically altered expression of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex and that is related with synaptic plasticity.