Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine (대한물리의학회지)

The Korean Society of Physical Medicine (대한물리의학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Motor Skill Learning on Balance and Coordination in Excitoxicity Induced Cerebellar Injury Model of Rat

흥분독성 소뇌손상 백서모델에서 운동기술학습이 균형 및 협응력에 미치는 영향

  • 김기도 (동신대학교 물리치료학과) ;
  • 민경옥 (용인대학교 물리치료학과) ;
  • 심재환 (서강정보대학 물리치료과) ;
  • 정재영 (서강정보대학 물리치료과) ;
  • 김용억 (동신대학교 물리치료학과) ;
  • 김경윤 (동신대학교 물리치료학과) ;
  • 김계엽 (동신대학교 물리치료학과) ;
  • 심기철 (동신대학교 물리치료학과) ;
  • 김은정 (동신대학교 물리치료학과) ;
  • 남기원 (동신대학교 물리치료학과)
  • Received : 2010.06.30
  • Accepted : 2010.08.30
  • Published : 2010.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose : This study is intended to examine the motor skill learning on balance and coordination in the cerebellar injured rats by 3AP. Methods : This study selected 60 Sprague-Dawley rats of 8 weeks. Experiment groups were divided into four groups and assigned 15 rats to each group. Group I was a normal control group(induced by saline); Group II was a experimental control group(cerebellar injured by 3AP); Group III was a group of motor skill learning after cerebellar injured by 3AP; Group IV was a group of treadmill exercise after cerebellar injured by 3AP. In each group, motor performance test, histologic observations, synaptophysin expression and electron microscopy observation were analyzed. Results : In motor performance test, the outcome of group II was significantly lower than the group III, IV(especially group III)(p<.001). In histological finding, the experimental groups were destroy of dendrities and nucleus of cerebellar neurons. Group III, IV were decreased in degeneration of cerebellar neurons(especially group III). In immunohistochemistric response of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex, experimental groups were decreased than group I. Group III's expression of synaptophysin was more increased than group II, IV. In electron microscopy finding, the experimental groups were degenerated of Purkinje cell. Conclusion : These result suggest that improved motor performance by motor skill learning after harmaline induced is associated with dynamically altered expression of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex and that is related with synaptic plasticity.

Keywords

References

  1. Anastasio TJ. A pattern correlation model of vestibulo-ocular reflex habituation. Neural Netw. 2001;14(1):1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-6080(00)00082-4
  2. Anderson BJ, Alcantara AA, Greenough WT. Motorskill learning: changes in synaptic organization of the rat cerebellar cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1996;.66(2):221-9. https://doi.org/10.1006/nlme.1996.0062
  3. Anderson WA, Flumerfelt BA. A light and electron microscopic study of the effects of 3-acetylpyridine intoxication on the inferior olivary complex and cerebellar cortex. J Comp Neurol. 1980;190(1): 157-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.901900111
  4. Beitz AJ, Saxon D. Harmaline-induced climbing fiber activation causes amino acid and peptide release in the rodent cerebella cortex and a unique temporal pattern of Fos expression in the olivo-cerebellar pathway. J Neurocytol. 2004;33(1):49-74.
  5. Benson DL, Schnapp LM, Shapiro L et aI. Making memories stick: cell-adhesion molecules in synaptic plasticity. Trends Cell BioI. 2000;10(11):473-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-8924(00)01838-9
  6. Carro E, Trejo JL, Busiguina S et aI. Circulating insulin-like growth factor I mediates the protective effects of physical exercise against brain insults of different etiology and anatomy. J Neurosci. 2001 ;21(15):5678-84.
  7. Cotman CW, Berchtold NC. Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity. Trends Neurosci. 2002;25(6):295-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02143-4
  8. Cui W, Allen ND, Skynner M et aI. Inducible ablation of astrocytes shows that these cells are required for neuronal survival in the adult brain. Glia. 2001 ;34(4):272-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.1061
  9. Desclin JC, Colin F. The olivocerebellar system. II. Some ultrastructural correlates of inferior olive destruction in the rat. Brain Res. 1980;187(1): 29-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(80)90492-8
  10. Devi SA, Kiran TR. Regional response in antioxidant system to exercise training and dietary vitamin E in aging rat brain. Neurobiol Aging. 2004;25(4): 501-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(03)00112-X
  11. Doble A. The role of excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative disease: Implication for therapy. Pharmacol Ther. 1999;81(3):163-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(98)00042-4
  12. Federmeier KD, Kleim JA, Greenough WT. Learninginduced multiple synapse fonnation in rat cerebellar cortex. Neurosci Lett. 2002;332(3):180-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00759-0
  13. Fernandez-Chacon R, Konigstorfer A, Gerber SH et al. Synaptotagmin I fimctions as a calcirnn regulator of release probability. Nature. 2001;410(6824): 41-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/35065004
  14. Frick KM, Fernandez SM Enrichment enhances spatial memory and increase synaptophysin levels in aged female mice. Neurobiol Aging. 2003;24 (4):615-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00138-0
  15. Gasbarri A, Pompili A, Pacittie C et al. Comparative effects of lesions to the ponto-cerebellar and olivocerebellar pathways on motor and spatial learning in the rat. Neuroscience. 2003; 116:1131-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00780-7
  16. Giaquinta G, Casabona A, Valle MS et al. Spinocerebellar Purkinje cell and rat forelimb postures: a direction-dependent activity. Neurosci Lett 1998; 245(2):81-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00185-2
  17. Hollmann M, Heinemann S. Cloned glutamate receptors. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1994;17:31-108. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.000335
  18. Janahmadi M, Goudarzi I, Kaffashian MR et al. Co-treatment with riluzole, a neuroprotective drug, ameliorates the 3-acetylpyrine-induced neurotoxicity in cerebellar Purkinje neurons of rats: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Neurotoxicology. 2009;30(3):393-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2009.02.014
  19. Javitt DC. Glutamate and schizophrenia: phencyclidine, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and dopamineglutamate interactions. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2007; 78:69-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7742(06)78003-5
  20. Jones TA, Chu CJ, Grande LA et al. Motor skills training enhances lesion-induced structural plasticity in the motor cortex of adult rats. J Neurosci. 1999; 19(22): 10153-63.
  21. Kleim JA, Swain RA, Armstrong KA et al. Selective synaptic plasticity within the cerebellar cortex following complex motor skill learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1998;69(3):274-89. https://doi.org/10.1006/nlme.1998.3827
  22. Kleim JA, Markham JA, Vij K et al. Motor learning induces astrocytic hypertrophy in the cerebellar cortex. Behav Brain Res. 2007;178(2): 244-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2006.12.022
  23. Laurin D, Verreault R, Lindsay J et al. Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Arch Neurol. 2001; 58(3):498-504. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.3.498
  24. Light KE, Brown DP, Newton BW et al. Ethanolinduced alterations of neurotrophin receptor expression on Purkinje cells in the neonatal rat cerebellrnn. Brain Res. 2002;924(1):71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(01)03224-3
  25. Litwak J, Mercugliano M, Chesselet MF et al. Increased glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD) mRNA and GAD activity in cerebellar Purkinje cell following lesions-induced increased in cell firing. Neurosci Lett. 1990;116(1-2):179-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(90)90406-Y
  26. Luscher C, Nicoll RA, Malenka RC et al. Synaptic plasticity and dynamic modulation of the postsynaptic membrane. Nat Neurosci. 2000;3(6): 545-50. https://doi.org/10.1038/75714
  27. Mauk MD, Medina JF, Nores WL et al. Cerebellar function: coordination, learning or timing? Curr BioI. 2000; 10(14):522-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00584-4
  28. Morton SM, Bastian AJ. Cerebellar control of balance and locomotion. Neuroscientist. 2004;10(3):247-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858404263517
  29. Newlands SD, Perachio AA. Central projections of the vestibular nerve: a review and single fiber study in the Mongolian gerbil. Brain Res Bull. 2003;60(5-6):475-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-9230(03)00051-0
  30. Perciavalle V, Bosco G, Poppele R Correlated activity in the spinocerebellum is related to spinal timing generators. Brain Res. 1995;695(2): 293-7.
  31. Prins ML, Povlishock JT, Phillips LL. The effects of combined fluid percussion traumatic brain injury and unilateral entorhinal deafferentation on the juvenile rat brain. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2003; 140(1 ):93-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-3806(02)00588-6
  32. Rema V, Ebner FF. Effect of enriched environment rearing on impairments in cortical excitability and plasticity after prenatal alcohol exposure. J Neurosci. 1999;19(24): 10993-1006.
  33. Remple MS, Bruneau RM, VandenBerg PM et al. Sensitivity of cortical movement representations to motor experience: evidence that skill learning but not strength training induces cortical reorganization. Behav Brain Res. 2001;123(2):133-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4328(01)00199-1
  34. Sanes JN. Neocortical mechanisms in motor learning. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2003;13(2):225-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4388(03)00046-1
  35. Seoane A, Apps R, Balbuena E et al. Differential effects of trans-crotononitrile and 3-acetylpyridine on inferior olive integrity and behavioral performance in the rat. Eur J Neurosci. 2005;22(4):880-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04230.x
  36. Sotelo C, Alvarado-Mallart RM, Frain M et al. Molecular plasticity of adult Bergmann fibers is associated with radial migration of grafted Purkinje cells. J Neurosci. 1994;14(1):124-33.
  37. Steward O, Worley P. Local synthesis of proteins at synaptic sites on dendrites: role in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation? Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2002;78(3):508-27. https://doi.org/10.1006/nlme.2002.4102
  38. Traystman RJ. Animal models of focal and global cerebral ischemia. ILAR J. 2003;44(2):85-95. https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.44.2.85
  39. van-Praag H, Kempermann G, Gage FH. Neural consequences of environmental enrichment. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2000;1(3):191-8.
  40. Vaynman S, Ying Z, Wu A et al. Coupling energy metabolism with a mechanism to support brainderived neurotrophic factor-medicated synaptic plasticity. Neuroscience. 2006;139(4): 1221-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.01.062
  41. Watson M, McElligott JG. Cerebellar norepinephrine depletion and impaired acquisition of specific locomotor tasks in the rats. Brain Res. 1984;296 (1): 129-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(84)90518-3