• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.394-401
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• 2008

In order to access the suppressive effects of piroxicam (PX) and hydrolyzed products of Scutellariae Radix (PSH) on arthritis, we investigated whether PSH gel could suppress the progression of collagen-induced arthritis. PX, one of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been used in the systemic and topical treatment in a variety of inflammatory conditions. Scutellariae Radix, one of the herbal medicines, was used for the purpose of anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterials. For the purpose of transdermal absorption of the hydrogel preparations, two classes of hydrogels (PX, PSH) were formulated with carbomer 940, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, polyethylene glycol-8-glyceryl caprylate/caprate and triethanolamine. In carrageenan-induced edema in rat hind paws, inhibition of foot swelling was more increased in PSH than PX hydrogel. Rheumatoid factors including serum IgG, IgM and collagen specific antibody were present much lower in PSH gel treated mice than control. Histological examination revealed that PSH hydrogel inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells into affected paw joint, compared with control. The PSH hydrogel would be a suitable preparation to increase transdermal treatment for anti-inflammatory effects on collagen-induced arthritis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.591-598
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• 1996

The water extracts of ten crude drugs were tested for the spasmolytic and anti-peptic ulcer activities on rat ileum smooth muscle contraction and aspirin-induced acute hemorrhag ic erosive gastritis respectively. The water extract of Aurantii immaturi pericarpium(AIP)($IC_{50}=1.5{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l), Aurantii nobilis pericarpium(ANP)($IC_{50}=2.5{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l), Cyperi rhizoma(CR)($IC_{50}=3.3{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l). Linderae radix(LR) ($IC_{50}=6.8{\times}1O^{-2}$), Aurantii fructus immaturus(AFI)($IC_{50}=11.8{\times}1O^{-2}$), Saussureae radix(SR)($IC_{50}=13.2{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l) and Ponciri fructus(PF)($IC_{50}=23.3{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l) showed inhibitory activity on the isometric contraction of rat ileum smooth muscle induced by electrical stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the water extracts of Arecae pericarpium(AP), Agastachis herba(AH) and Magnoliae cortex(MC) potentiated the isometric contraction. In the aspirin-induced acute gastritis, the water extracts of MC, AP and CR reduced significantly the gastric juice secretion, gastric juice acidity and pepsin activity. They also showed protective activity of gastric mucosal layer from erosion and petichial hemorrhage in gross and histological examination.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

Purpose: The current gold standard for clinical jawbone formation involves autogenous bone as a graft material. In addition, demineralized dentin can be an effective graft material. Although demineralized dentin readily induces heterotopic bone formation, conventional decalcification takes three to five days, so, immediate bone grafting after extraction is impossible. This study evaluated the effect of vacuum ultrasonic power on the demineralization and processing of autogenous tooth material and documented the clinical results of rapidly processed autogenous demineralized dentin (ADD) in an alveolar defects patient. Methods: The method involves the demineralization of extracted teeth with detached soft tissues and pulp in 0.6 N HCl for 90 minutes using a heat controlled vacuum-ultrasonic accelerator. The characteristics of processed teeth were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Bone grafting using ADD was performed for narrow ridges augmentation in the mandibular area. Results: The new processing method was completed within two hours regardless of form (powder or block). EDS and SEM uniformly demineralized autotooth biomaterial. After six months, bone remodeling was observed in augmented sites and histological examination showed that ADD particles were well united with new bone. No unusual complications were encountered. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the possibility of preparing autogenous tooth graft materials within two hours, allowing immediate one-day grafting after extraction.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2018

Background: Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPDD) is a rare disease in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space. It forms a calcified crystal mass and induces a limitation of joint movement. Case presentation: The calcified mass in our case was occupied in the left TMJ area and extended to the infratemporal and middle cranial fossa. For a complete excision of this mass, we performed a vertical ramus osteotomy and resected the mass around the mandibular condyle. The calcified mass in the infratemporal fossa was carefully excised, and the segmented mandible was anatomically repositioned. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis was performed to evaluate the calcified mass. The result of SEM/EDS showed that the crystal mass was completely composed of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. This result strongly suggested that the calcified mass was CPDD in the TMJ area. Conclusions: CPDD in the TMJ is a rare disease and is difficult to differentially diagnose from other neoplasms. A histological examination and quantitative microanalysis are required to confirm the diagnosis. In our patient, CPDD in the TMJ was successfully removed via the extracorporeal approach. SEM/EDS microanalysis was used for the differential diagnosis.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this case series was to evaluate the effect of guided bone regeneration using demineralized allogenic bone matrix with calcium sulfate. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Guided bone regeneration using Demineralized Allogenic Bone Matrix with Calcium Sulfate ($AlloMatrix^{TM}$, Wright. USA) was performed at the time of implant placement from February 2010 to April 2010. At the time of the second surgery, clinical evaluation of bone healing and histologic evaluation were performed. The study included 10 patients, and 23 implants were placed. The extent of bony defects around implants was determined by measuring the horizontal and vertical bone defects using a periodontal probe from the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual sides and calculating the mean and standard deviation of these measurements. Wedge-shaped tissue samples were obtained from 3 patients and histologic examination was performed. RESULTS. In clinical evaluation, it was observed that horizontal bone defects were completely healed with new bones, and in the vertical bone defect area, 15.1% of the original defect area remained. In 3 patients, histological tests were performed, and 16.7-41.7% new bone formation was confirmed. Bone graft materials slowly underwent resorption over time. CONCLUSION. $AlloMatrix^{TM}$ is an allograft material that can be readily manipulated. It does not require the use of barrier membranes, and good bone regeneration can be achieved with time.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2016

Purpose: Early gastric cancer cases that are estimated to meet indications for treatment before endoscopic submucosal resection are often revealed to be out-of-indication after the treatment. We investigated the short-term treatment outcomes in patients with early gastric cancer according to the pretreatment clinical endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with early gastric cancer that met the pretreatment endoscopic submucosal resection indications, from 2004 to 2011. Curative resection rate and proportion of out-of-indication cases were compared according to the pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Pre-endoscopic submucosal resection factors associated with out-of-indication in the final pathological examination were analyzed. Results: Of 756 cases, 660 had absolute and 96 had expanded pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. The curative resection rate was significantly lower in the patients with expanded indications (64.6%) than in those with absolute indications (81.7%; P<0.001). The cases with expanded indications (30.2%) were revealed to be out-of-indication more frequently than the cases with absolute indications (13.8%; P<0.001). Age of >65 years, tumor size of >2 cm, tumor location in the upper-third segment of the stomach, and undifferentiated histological type in pre-endoscopic submucosal resection evaluations were significant risk factors for out-of-indication after endoscopic submucosal resection. Conclusions: Non-curative resection due to out-of-indication occurred in approximately one-third of the early gastric cancer cases that clinically met the expanded indications before endoscopic submucosal resection. The possibility of additional surgery should be empha-sized for patients with early gastric cancers that clinically meet the expanded indications.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.421-436
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• 2001

Transforming growth $factor-{\beta}(TGF-{\beta})$is a polypeptide biologic mediator considered to play a role in promoting bone formation in bony defect area. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of $TGF-{\beta}$ to the periodontal regeneration of class III furcation defect in dogs. Classs III furcation defects were surgically created on the third and the fourth premolars bilaterally in the mandibles of eight mongrel dogs. Experimental periodontitis were induced by placing small cotton pellets into the created defects for 3 weeks. Experimental sites were divided into 4 groups according to the treatment modalities: Group I-Surgical debridement only; Group II-allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone grafting; Group III-allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone soaked in $TGF-{\beta}(4ng/10{\mu}l)$grafting; Group IV-allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone soaked in $TGF-{\beta}(20ng/10{\mu}l)$ grafting. The animals were sacrificed in the 8th week after periodontal surgery and the decalcified and undecalcified specimens were for histological and histometric examination. Although no significant differences was seen in the length of epitheial growth and connective attachment, group III showed the least apical migration among treatment groups. The amount of bone repair was significantly greater in group III, IV compared to group I and group II. New attachment formation was significantly greater in group III and group IV compared to group I and group II. These results suggest the allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone with $TGF-{\beta}$ in class III furcation defect has the potentiality of promoting alveolar bone formation and periodontal regeneration.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

Background: The continuous search for a novel neuropathic pain drug with few or no side effects has been a main focus of researchers for decades. This study investigated the antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects of bromelain in sciatic nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats randomly divided into eight groups comprised of six animals each were used for this study. Peripheral neuropathy was induced via chronic constriction of the common sciatic nerve. Thermal hyperalgesic and mechanical allodynia were assessed using a hotplate and von Frey filaments, respectively. The functional recovery and structural architecture of the ligated sciatic nerve were evaluated using the sciatic functional index test and a histological examination of the transverse section of the sciatic nerve. The neuroprotective effects of bromelain were investigated in the proximal sciatic nerve tissue after 21 days of treatment. Results: Bromelain significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated both the thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynic indices of neuropathic pain. There were improvements in sciatic function and structural integrity in rats treated with bromelain. These rats showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in sciatic nerve nuclear transcription factors (nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-related factors-1 [NrF-1] and NrF-2), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione), and reduced membranelipid peroxidation compared with the ligated control group. Conclusions: This study suggest that bromelain mitigated neuropathic pain by enhancing the activities of nuclear transcription factors (NrF-1 and NrF-2) which increases the antioxidant defense system that abolish neuronal stress and structural disorganization.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.193-196
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• 2006

The process in the formation of primordial germ cells, primitive and early gonadogenesis were investigated by histological examination for the reproductive physiological study in the scorpion fish, Sebastiscus marmoratus. The primordial germ cells about $10\;{\mu}m$ in diameter were observed in the fibrous mesenchymal tissue located between gut and mesonephric duct of the larvae within the maternal body. As the fibrous epithelium extends to the direction of peritoneum, the primordial germ cells moved. From 31 days post parturition, the fibrous epithelium gets thicker, and the primitive gonad starts to form. From 49 days post parturition, as the primitive gonad of the primitive gonad extend, it starts to form cavity, and about 60 days post parturition, the formation of the ovarian cavity is completed. From 79 days post parturition, germ cells proliferated along the inner edge of the ovarian cavity.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2020

Previously, we reported adverse effects of low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure on the reproductive parameters of F1 female mice. In the present study we further investigated the pathohistological effect of NP exposure on the reproductive organs in F1 female mice. NP exposures were continuously conducted from parental pre-mating period until the postnatal day (PND) 33 of F1 offspring for vaginal examination. Mice were sacrificed on PND 30 and the reproductive tissue weights were measured. The initial (at PND 21) body weights of the NP-50 group animals were significantly lower than those of control group animals, and the weight deficit were recovered when the terminal (PND 33) body weights were measured. Early vaginal opening was found in NP group animals (p<0.05). Pathohistological studies revealed that NP-treated F1 animals showed prominent increase in the ovarian follicle numbers (p<0.01), and decrease in the diameter of uterine myometrium (p<0.01), and increase in the diameter of luminal epithelium (p<0.05). The present study demonstrated that the subchronic low-dose NP exposure induced early beginning of puberty and pathohistological abnormalities in ovary and uterus of F1 mice. Further studies are needed to achieve a better understanding on the action mechanism of NP in pubertal onset and to find a way to avoid a hazardous situation provoked by NP exposure.