• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.963-966
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• 1995

Ischemia reperfusion injury occurs in various diseases. The role of oxygen free radicals in IR injury of the lung has been spotlighted and many studies have been performed. In this study, we tried to prepare a stable rat lung model for IR injury, focusing on surrounding conditions as hilar stripped left lung, clamped left pulmonary artery and bronchus,and declamped after determined period was passed, and right main pulmonary aretery was clamped. Arterial blood gas analyes were performed at 1, 10, 20, 30, minutes after reperfusion. Before clamping, PaO2 was 95 to 120 mmHg in all animals. There were six groups; Group I : temperature 15o C, and 120 minutes clamping, Group II: 20 oC, and 120 minutes clamping, Group III : 25 oC, and 120 minutes clamping, Group IV : 15oC, 90 minutes clamping, Group V : 20 oC, 90 minutes clamping,Group VI: 20 oC, 75 minutes clamping. Each groups contained 10 Sprague Dayley rats. The humidity was maintained 100 % as circulation imerged isotonic Hartmann`s solution of the pleural cavity. In group IV, V, and VI, PaO2 decreased significantly in all animals immediately after reperfusion, but 43 % survived till 10 minutes after reperfusion, it was 74.0$\pm$5.7, 73.3$\pm$10.8,and 88.2$\pm$17.7 mmHg. Pulmonary edema was observed histologically in 2/10 animals in group IV, 6/10 in group V , 3/10 in group VI, 9/10 in group I, and the other lungs showed all edema. We established a stable model by setting ischemic time,and temperature, between 75 to 90 minutes,15 to 20o C, and isotemperature Hartmann`s solution immersion of the pleural cavity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.566-571
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• 2011

Although the phospholipase C (PLC)${\beta}$-1 isoform is associated with spontaneous seizure and distinctively expressed in the telencephalon, the distribution of PLC${\beta}$-1 expression in the epileptic gerbil hippocampus remains controversial. Therefore, we determined whether PLC${\beta}$-1 is associated with spontaneous seizure in an animal model of genetic epilepsy. In the present study, PLC${\beta}$-1 immunoreactivity was down-regulated in seizure-sensitive (SS) gerbils more than in seizure-resistant (SR) gerbils. The expression of PLC${\beta}$-1 within calretinin (CR)-positive neurons was rarely detected within the dentate hilar region of SS gerbils. PLC${\beta}$-1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus was significantly elevated as compared to that in pre-seizure SS gerbil 3 h post-ictal. These findings suggest that alterations in PLC${\beta}$-1 immunoreactivity in the SS gerbil hippocampus may be closely related to the epileptic state of the gerbil brain and transiently elevated PLC${\beta}$-1 protein levels following seizure episodes. Such alterations may be compensatory responses in the SS gerbil hippocampus.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1997

Transbronchial fine needle aspiration(TBNA) is one of the cytologic methods in diagnosing lung cancers. TBNA can be used in cases of hilar, mediastinal or lung masses adjacent to the bronchi. We analyzed and compaired the findings of 27 cases of TBNA and bronchial washing and brushing(BW/BB) in lung cancers confirmed by either biopsy or surgical resection between Jun, 1996 and May, 1997 in Asan Medical Center. They were 18 cases of non-small cell carcinomas(eight squamous cell carcinomas, nine adenocarcinomas, and one large cell undifferentiated carcinoma), eight cases of small cell carcinomas, and one case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. The sensitivity of TBNA was 37%(10/27) and false negative was 63%(17/27). Although the sensitivity of BW/BB w3s 56%(15/27), it was not different statistically from that of TBNA(Chi square, p=0.38). Overall sensitivity of TBNA and BW/BB in this series was 70%(19/27). Forty-seven percent of false negative TBNA(8/17) were positive in BW/BB. The findings suggest that the addition of TBNA to the standard BW/BB increases diagnostic yield in cytologic diagnosis of lung cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1993

Bronchial carcinoids were classified as one of the bronchial adenoma group and constituted about 90% of bronchial adenoma. Typical carcinoids are common benign neoplasms of the airway because of their uniform histologic feature, predictable clinical course and good survival after surgical resection. And atypical carcinoid is regarded as a malignant tumor because of its pleomorphic, hyperchromatic nucleus, frequent mitosis and distant metastasis (about 70%). However, typical carcinoids rarely metastasize to regional lymph nodes and such cases would be regarded as a low grade malignancy because their clinical prognosis could be bad. We present a case of typical bronchial carcinoid which metastasize to hilar lymph node who has been followed up 10 months after resection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.260-265
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• 1999

The first case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA) was reported by Hinson, et al. in 1952. This was followed by a number of significant description of the disorder. Although typical ABP A initially presents with asthma, fleeting pulmonary infiltrates, and marked eosinophilia, there are many other ways in which the disease may be first manifested. Common radiologic findings in ABP A include pulmonary infiltrates, atelectasis, emphysema, fibrosis, lobar shrinkage with hilar elevation, cavitation, pneumothorax, aspergilloma and central bronchiectasis. We experienced a case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis presenting rare radiologic finding of bilateral pulmonary masses in chest radiography. With oral corticosteroid treatment, the size of both pulmonary masses was decreased significantly and his asthmatic symptoms were improved.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.186-189
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• 2013

Endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) now provides an important alternative diagnostic modality in patients with intrathoracic tuberculosis lymphadenopathy. The procedure is well tolerated in the outpatient setting, provides access to the mediastinal and hilar lymph node locations commonly in tuberculosis and also allows bronchial washing to be performed at the same procedure. However, there is no report of EBUS-TBNA applied to children to diagnose tuberculosis. We report a case of EBUS-TBNA applied to children who had intrathoracic tuberculosis lymphadenopathy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.100-105
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• 2007

Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cachectic dwafism, mental retardation, loss of facial subcutaneous adipose tissue, microcephaly and photosensitive dermatitis. It is associated with renal abnormalities characterized by hyalinization of glomeruli, atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of Cockayne syndrome with FSGS in Korea. A 7-year old boy was admitted for evaluation of hypertension and proteinuria, which were detected 2 month ago. He was followed for short stature(<3 percentile), mental retardation(IQ 55), strabismus and dental caries since 3 years ago. He also showed microcephaly, a bird-like face and relatively large hands and feet. Laboratory findings showed decreased creatinine clearance($C_{Cr}$ 76.1 mL/min/$1.73m^2$) and proteinuria(1,548 mg/day). Renal biopsy demonstrated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of the hilar type with large hyaline deposits, moderate tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. His cardinal features, mental retardation, and renal biopsy findings were consistent with Cockayne syndrome. We report here a very rare case of Cockayne syndrome with FSGS presenting with proteinuria and hypertension.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.5
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• pp.355-358
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• 2011

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a useful, safe diagnostic modality for evaluating mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. We report a 51-year-old male who presented with a left renal mass and multiple pleural masses without lung parenchymal lesions. The pleural masses were thought to be metastatic tumors or malignant mesothelioma. The patient underwent two percutaneous needle biopsies of the pleural mass, but the specimens were insufficient for a histopathological diagnosis. Because one pleural mass was adjacent to the right main bronchus, we decided to perform EBUS-TBNA for the pleural mass. As a result, sufficient core tissue was obtained with no complications, and the histopathological findings were consistent with metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of using EBUS-TBNA for a pleural mass.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2009

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by the soil fungus, Coccidioides immitis, which is endemic to the south-western United States. However, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis has recently increased due to the increase in overseas travel to endemic areas. We report a case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis diagnosed in an immunocompetent person. A 28-year-old female, who had lived in Phoenix, Arizona, USA for 2 years, was admitted for an evaluation of persistent cough with fever lasting for 2 weeks. The chest X-ray and Chest CT revealed multifocal patchy consolidation and ground-glass opacity in both lungs as well as multiple enlarged right hilar and paratracheal lymph nodes. A percutaneous needLe biopsy of the main mass-like consolidation confirmed mature spherules of Coccidioides immitis in lung tissue. Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis should be considered in patients presenting with persistent cough with fever and a history of travel to or immigration from an endemic area.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

Objectives : Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is characterized by progressive deterioration of memory and higher cortical functions that ultimately results in total degradation of intellectual and mental activities. Nokyongdaebo-tang(Lurongdabutang) has been usually used for the treatment for the deficiency syndrome dementia and amnesia. This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the Nokyongdaebo-tang(Lurongdabutang) hot water extract on pathological AD model. Methods : The effects of the Nokyongdaebo-tang(Lurongdabutang) hot water extract on cultured spinal cord cells induced by ${\beta}$-amyloid were investigated. The effects of the Nokyongdaebo-tan(Lurongdabutang) hot water extract on the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated. Results : 1. ${\beta}$-amyloid treatment on cultured spinal cord cells increased both GFAP-staining intensity of astrocytes and caspase 3 immunoreactivity on cultured cells. Then, Nokyongdaebo-tang(Lurongdabutang) treatment reduced the labeling intensity for both GFAP and caspase 3 proteins in culture cells. 2. Scopolamine treatment into mice increased levels of GFAP-positive astrocytes and caspase 3-labeled cells of the hippocampal subfields dentate hilar region, CA3 and CA1 area. In vivo administration of Nokyongdaebo-tang(Lurongdabutang) attenuated labeling intensity for those two proteins in the same hippocampal areas. Similar effects were observed by the treatment of galanthamine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Conclusions : This experiment shows that the Nokyongdaebo-tang(Lurongdabutang) may play a protective role in damaged neural tissues. Since neuronal damage seen in degenerative brains such as AD are largely unknown, the current data may provide possible insight into therapeutic strategies for AD treatments. Nokyongdaebo-tang(Lurongdabutang) might be effective for the prevention and treatment of AD.