• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.585-593
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study were to measure the effect of factors analyse the associated by the dental treatment fear of level middle school student's, and then to provide basic material which can help to improve adolescent's oral health and dental service. Methods : This subject of study consists of 342 middle schools each 1,2,3 grade Daegu city. The data were collected from July through August 2009, by way of the self-reported questionnaire. The data materials are analyzed by general characteristics and dental service behavior frequency analysis, dental fear of levels general characteristics, dental service behavior, the burden of dental visits, the pain experience of the past ${\chi}^2$-test and dental treatment fear relationship with multiple regression analysis. Results : General characteristics, 56.7% for boys and girls, with 43.3 percent of boys and girls high. dental service behavior in the dental visited was treatment purpose 76.5%, preventive purpose 23.5%. high-level dental treatment fear of the female 60.8%, male 33.0% was higher, The higher age also increased dental fear of the levels, dental services dental visit in 1-2 year the dental fear level of the higher, was statistically significant (p<0.05). Medical purpose 'preventive' than 'treatment' is a higher dental fear. Factors affecting dental treatment fear experiences directly from your pain (${\beta}$=0.116), inadequate anesthesia, treatment experience (${\beta}$=0.126), indirect painful experience (${\beta}$=0.125) in both a statistically significant positive relationship was found (p<0.05). Conclusions : Finally, it is necessary carry out further studies on the improvement of dental service of oral health of adolescent based on the dental treatment fear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 1995

Nutrition knowledge of mothers who had middle-school studients was investigated using questionnaire about nutrition knowledge and food habit. The results were summerized as follows ; The mean score of nutrition knowledge was 25.3 (out of possible-80-80points), which score was slightly lower than those of other studies. the percentage of perceived knowledge and accuracy of the knowledge were 77.7% and 79.6%, respectively. these scores were influenced by general characteristics such as age, education, occupation, income, food expense. With decreasing age and increasing education level, family income, nutritional knowledge score, the percentage of perceived knowledge and accuracy were significantly getting higher. The levels of both perceived knowledge and accuracy on the necessi쇼 of vitamins and minerals were above 90%. However, the accuracy on protein quality and dietary fiber was below 40%. The better food habit a subject had, the higher was the nutrition knowledge score.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify factors related with depression among boys and girls in Korean middle school adolescents. Methods: This study used the data from the 2007 annual survey of youth health behaviors conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between the period of 2007/9/1 and 2007/9/22 (with the extension of 2007/10/1 and 2007/11/3). The target number of this study was 21,047 male and 18,424 female students all in the age group of middle school 1st grade and 3rd grade. Results: Depression of middle school adolescents was 33.4% for male students, 43.8% for female students, 38.3% in overall. With regard to the relationship between the demographic characteristics and the health behavior, both male and female students felt more depressed when they had more stress, followed by the cases with stimulant intakes and chronic diseases. For male students, higher level of physical activity was associated with greater level of the depression. For female students, living with only one parent or other person seem to cause more depression. Conclusion: Depression of middle school adolescents requires a special attention from the family, the school and society in general to find out and eliminate the root of these symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2009

Purpose: By analyzing factors related to suicide ideation of Korean middle and high school students, the purpose of this study was to multi-dimensionally understand suicide ideation of Korean middle and high school students and arrange the plans to prevent suicide. Methods: This study used and analyzed the data on ‘The 3rd (Year2007) Korea Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYHRBWS)' conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In this study, we analyzed 74,698 respondents in total. SPSS 12.0 Program was used to analyze the survey. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square Test and multivariate logistic regression were also used as research methods. Results: 23.8% of the Korean middle and high school students had suicide ideation during the last one year. Girls had higher possibility of suicide ideation by 1.51 times compared to boys. Students with poor academic achievement had more suicide ideation. In terms of health characteristics, students who perceived themselves as not healthy, and students with short weekday sleeping hours, more drinking experience and more smoking experience had more suicide ideation than others. Furthermore, students who perceived themselves as overweight or obese had more suicide ideation than other students. In terms of mental characteristics, students with high level of stress, low level of happiness and depression had more suicide ideation. Conclusion: As a result of this study, we found out that the factor that had the biggest influence on suicide ideation of Korean middle and high school students was depression. Consequently, active supports and policies to decrease suicide ideation of Korean middle and high school students are necessary. Therefore, active interviews, education for suicide prevention, and periodical screening inspection should be introduced in schools.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.385-393
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• 2004

This study examined the relations of educational level and life-style behaviors to the obesity. A total of 507 male adults aged 30 - 50 years completed the self-reported questionnaires. Educational level was used for measuring socioeconomic status. Activity at work, leisure-time activity and TV watching were measured for life-style behaviors related to physical activity, and some demographic and family history of disease as well. Subjects were categorized as obese when BMI was equal to or over 25kg/$m^2$, in which 19.7％ resulted obesity. Using multivariate logistic regression, the association between the measured factors and obesity was assessed. The odds ratios (OR) for risk of obesity did not differ with either age or monthly income. Subjects who completed high school (OR = 0.36; 95％ CI = 0.20 - 0.66) or university (OR = 0.34; 95％ CI = 0.16 - 0.71) had lower risk of obesity than those with education below middle school. Those with moderate activity level at work (OR = 0.41; 95％ CI = 0.24 - 0.72) showed lower risk of obesity than in inactive ones. The subjects watching TV more than 3.5 hr/day presented higher risk of obesity (OR = 2.46; 95％ CI = 1.28 - 4.74), compared with those watching TV less than 1.5 hr/day. The higher risk of obesity observed in high level of leisure time activity than in low one was considered due to that physical activity at work and leisure-time might counteract each other. Educational level and activity at work or leisure-time activity or TV watching were jointed and categorized, and then OR for obesity was estimated. The extent of obesity risk at a given level of each work activity or leisure-time activity or TV watching was different depending the educational level, which was significantly high when educational level was below middle school. Educational difference had no effect on activity level at work. However, higher educational attainment increased the leisure activity and reduced TV watching (p＜0.05), indicating that low education tended to contribute to more sedentary life-style. The findings of this study is concluded that low education was related to obesity in adult males, and its relation can partly be explained through acquiring inactive life-style behaviors. Individuals with low education might be more susceptible to the risk factors of obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.145-160
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a structured nursing intervention program on dysmenorrhea in middle school girls. This study employed two methods of research at the same time: a quasi-experiment pre- and post-test to use for comparison. Subjects were middle school girls assigned to the research program: 40 girls in the second grade, 40 girls in the third grade at K Girls' Middle School and H Girls' Middle School located in J city. The data were collected for 68 days from August 23 to October 30, 1999. The data were collected by observation technique and by a self-administered questionnaire. The instruments used for this study were as follows: the "Face Interval Pain Scale" menstrual pain instrument developed by McGreth(1987) and the "Menstrual Distress Questionnaire" dysmenorrhea instrument developed by Moos(1968). The dysmenorrhea knowledge instrument was developed by the researcher and refered to above. The research procedure was as follows: after preliminary examination, the experimental groups were provided educational programs with O.H.P. films developed by the researcher and with the videotape "first meeting" supported by P&G company and produced by EBS. The groups followed the educational programs twice for two weeks. At the beginning of menstruation, these subjects could choose one among the following choices: * Jacobson's progressively muscle relaxation method and massage treatment * Jacobson's progressively muscle relaxation method and hot bag treatment * Jacobson's progressively muscle relaxation method, a pain killer treatment, and massage treatment * Jacobson's progressively muscle relaxation method, a pain killer treatment, and hot bag treatment The dysmenorrhea of the control group were measured during the same period. The analysis of the collected data was done using an SPSS-PC+, descriptive statistic including real numbers, percentage, averages, standard deviations and t-test, $x^2$ test, and ANCOVA. The results of this study were as follows. (1) The knowledge level of the girls provided with the planned nursing intervention program was higher when compared to these who did not follow the educational programs. (2) The original difference in the dysmenorrhea level having been controled, the dysmenorrhea level made, nevertheless, a statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group(F=63.8, p=.00). Observed pain on quantity measurement of dysmenorrhea showed significant difference depending on the treatment(t=4.6, p=.00). In conclusion, those in the planned nursing intervention program had a higher knowledge level and fewer symptoms than the control group. Accordingly, the nursing intervention program for dysmenorrhea developed by the researcher can be effectively applied in nursing practice and can be the foundation for this kind of program.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe high-risk health behaviors in middle school adolescents and to identify factors related to this behavior. Method: This survey study employed a self administered questionnaire given to 621 students enrolled in one middle school located in Gyeonggi province. Using the cluster sampling method, 4 classes from the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades were selected. The survey was done between April 20 and May 19, 2004. Data were analyzed using SAS. Result: The results showed that 19.1% of adolescents smoked cigarettes and 8.4 % drank regularly. The mean score for resilience was 6.92 (range:0-10) and for depression, 23.62 (range:0-50). The adolescents in higher grades reported significantly more experience with pornography. Also, adolescents who reported have fewer conversations with their parents had significantly more experience with pornography. Depression was significantly higher for those students who had better academic skills and higher family income. Resilience level was significantly higher for the students who reported better schools records and higher family income. The most important factor related to the high risk behaviors, depression, and resilience was conversations with parents. Conclusion: This study suggests that to develop an effective high-risk health behavior prevention program for adolescents, it is necessary to include communication skills with the parents.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between smoking, drinking and safety behavior in middle and high school students in one Korean province, North Cholla. Method: The study sample included 1,327 randomly selected middle and high school students from S-Gun area in Chonbuk Province. The data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire developed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (2005). The data were analyzed using the SPSSWIN 15.0 program. Results: The smoking rate in the middle and high school students was 6.9%, and the drinking rate was 24.9%. The rate for seatbelt use was 49.3%, for drunk driving, 8.8%, and for riding in car driven by a drunk driver, 24.0%. The rates for seatbelt use, for drunk driving, and for riding in a drunk driver were higher in smokers and drinkers than in non-smokers and non-drinkers(p<.05). Conclusion: The smoking and drinking status of the adolescents was correlated with their safety behavior practices as they relate to seatbelt use, drunk driving, and for riding in car driven by a drunk driver. Therefore, an elementary school level program to curb student smoking and alcohol consumption is needed to prevent smoking and alcohol consumption in middle and high school students and contribute to improvement in their safety behavior practices.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

The purposes of this study are to investigate the effects of the Science Conceptual Model Completion Activity and Science Conceptual Model Modifying Activity on middle-school students' achievement in science conceptual learning, and to analyze if there are any correlations among their achievements by purposed activities, their cognitive level and school science achievement. For the study, 112 middle school students were sampled for three groups, which are two experimental groups (Model Completion activity group, Model Modifying Activity group) and one control group. Pre- and post-tests were taken to measure the students' achievement in science concepts, and the logical thinking ability test was administered after the implementation period. In addition, their school science achievements were analyzed. The research findings are as follows: First, the Science Conceptual Model Completion activity is more effective for middle school students' science conceptual learning than the Science Conceptual Model Modifying activity or conventional activity. Second, higher school science achievement also results in higher achievement of science concepts through the Conceptual Model Modifying activity or the Conceptual Model Completion activity. Lastly, the Conceptual Model Completion activity is more effective for the concrete operational level students to attain science concepts than formal operational level ones. Meanwhile, on the contrary, the Conceptual Model Modifying activity is more effective for formal operational level students than the concrete operational level ones.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.41-63
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional knowledge and eating behavior of middle school students in Gwangju area in order to provide basic data for the development of home economics curriculum that can help the students form healthy eating habits. For this purpose, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to middle school students in Gwangju area. A total of 330 questionnaires were collected by convenience sampling and analyzed using SPSS(Statistics Package for the Social Science) Version 20.0 for Windows. Results of this study are as follows. First, school curriculum session ranked top(31.82%) on the list of sources for middle school students to acquire nutrition knowledge. Second, the mean score of nutrition knowledge of all respondents was moderately high(14.33 points out of maximum 20 points). In terms of nutrition knowledge by gender, female students had a higher level of nutrition knowledge in the 'Food' domain than their male counterparts(p<0.05). With regard to nutrition knowledge by grade, Grade 9 showed a higher score than Grade 7 and 8(p<0.001). Third, the mean score of eating behavior of all respondents was at an average level(69.75 out of 100 points). In terms of eating behavior by gender, male students showed a higher score than their female counterparts(p<0.05). In particular, male students had higher scores than female students for the following items: "I exercise regularly after school"(p<0.001); "I regularly eat meal three times per day"(p<0.01); "I don't skip breakfast"(p<0.01); and "I don't eat sweet food often"(p<0.01). In terms of eating behavior by grade, Grade 9 showed higher scores than Grades 7 and 8 for the following items: "I eat meal out of thankfulness for those who have prepared food"(p<0.01) and "I eat grains for every meal"(p<0.01). Finally, with regard to eating behavior depending on the level of nutrition knowledge, the 'Upper' and 'Middle' groups had higher scores for eating behavior than the 'Lower' group, indicating that a lower level of nutrition knowledge resulted in a lower score in eating behavior. Based on the above results, home economics teachers responsible for dietary education should have a greater sense of mission and pride and make more efforts to improve nutrition knowledge and eating behavior of middle school students.